On the evening of October 24, the three major US stock indexes opened mixed, with the Dow down 0.22%, the Nasdaq up 0.62% and the S&P 500 up 0.27%.

　　Large technology stocks were mixed, with Meta up 0.81%, NVIDIA up 0.63%, Amazon up 0.40%, Microsoft up 0.10%, Google down 0.31% and Apple down 0.26%.

　　Tesla’s share price soared by 16.08%, and its market value rose by 109.748 billion US dollars (about 781.166 billion yuan).

　　After the US stock market closed on Wednesday, October 23rd, EST, Tesla announced the financial data for the third quarter of 2024.

　　The data shows that Tesla’s revenue increased by nearly 8% year-on-year in the third quarter, which is still lower than expected, butProfit surprise, the gross profit margin rose by 195 basis points to 19.8% instead of falling year-on-year, and the gross profit margin of automobile business rose to 17.1% beyond expectations;The revenue from "selling carbon" increased by more than 30% year-on-year, hitting a single season high.

　　In the third quarter, the calculation of artificial intelligence (AI) training increased by more than 75%. In this quarter, Tesla deployed a cluster of 29,000 NVIDIA H100 chips in Gigafactory, a Texas super factory, and conducted training. It is estimated that it will have a production capacity of 50,000 H100 chips by the end of October.

　　Tesla proudly announced in the shareholder report that on October 22, it had produced 7 million cars, andThe latest Cybertruck has become the third best-selling pure electric vehicle in the United States, second only to Model 3 and Model Y. Tesla did not announce the specific sales volume of each model..

　　Musk said thatHe predicted that Tesla car sales will increase by 20% ~ 30% next year; Cybercab will be mass-produced in 2026, with the goal of producing at least 2 million units per year.

　　Musk said thatWhen Tesla’s cheap electric car model comes out, the unit price will be less than 30 thousand dollars; Tesla will not produce cheap cars that lack a driverless version; The conventional $25,000 electric car will be "meaningless".

　　Tesla CFO Vaibhav Taneja said that the cost per unit vehicle hit a record low in the third quarter, which will be a trend we pay attention to, and promised that the company will continue to focus on cost reduction; Due to the release of FSD function, the profit rate of automobile business has improved.

　　According to Xinhua Financial News, in the early morning of October 24th, Beijing time, the Federal Reserve released the latest national economic situation survey report (commonly known as the "Beige Book", the same below). The Beige Book shows that, on the whole, since the beginning of September, the economic activities of almost all the American regions surveyed have not changed much. However, two regions experienced moderate economic growth. Although the uncertainty is still high, the respondents are slightly optimistic about the long-term prospects, and inflationary pressures continue to ease.

　　Looking at the inflation situation specifically, the Beige Book shows that the sales prices in most areas have increased slightly or moderately, but the prices of some foods such as eggs and dairy products have increased greatly. In many areas, house prices rose slightly, but rents were flat or slightly decreased. Many areas are concerned about the increase in consumer sensitivity to prices.

　　On October 10th, the latest inflation data of the United States showed that the CPI (Consumer Price Index) of the United States rose by 2.4% year-on-year and 0.2% quarter-on-quarter. Excluding volatile food and energy prices, the core CPI of the United States increased by 3.3% year-on-year and 0.3% quarter-on-quarter in September. Overall, the inflation value dropped to a three-year low, but the "cooling" rate of inflation was slightly lower than expected.

　　National business daily is integrated from Xinhua Finance and Public Information.

　

　　Our reporter Wu Xiaolu

　　On May 9, Heilongjiang Securities Regulatory Bureau released the random sampling results of the on-site inspection objects of corporate bond issuers in 2023. Since April, multi-local securities regulatory bureaus have started the self-inspection or on-site inspection of corporate bonds in the jurisdiction in 2023. According to the incomplete statistics of the website of the CSRC, as of May 9, a total of 13 local securities regulatory bureaus have carried out self-inspection and on-site inspection of bonds in their jurisdictions, of which 10 local securities regulatory bureaus have issued a "double random" on-site inspection list, and 4 local securities regulatory bureaus have carried out self-inspection of corporate bonds or ABS (Note: Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau has carried out both self-inspection and on-site inspection).

　　Some people in the industry told reporters that on-site inspection and self-inspection of bond issuers are routine actions of the regulatory authorities, but this year’s self-inspection shows the characteristics of increasing the number of inspections, expanding the scope and being targeted.

　　Fei Chao, general manager of the Quality Control Headquarters of Caida Securities Investment Banking Committee, told the Securities Daily reporter that the normalized regulatory inspection and self-inspection work is conducive to strengthening the risk management and control of the surviving bonds, supervising the bond issuing enterprises to fulfill their obligations in a standardized manner, and urging the trustee to perform their duties and responsibilities, which is conducive to better protecting the rights and interests of investors and promoting the stable and healthy development of the bond market.

　　Normalization development

　　Self-inspection and on-site inspection

　　Judging from the random sampling list of 10 local securities regulatory bureaus, most local securities regulatory bureaus selected one or two bond issuers as the "double random" on-site inspection targets in 2023. As for the reasons for the on-site inspection, the local securities regulatory bureaus said that it was to implement the requirements of the the State Council and China Securities Regulatory Commissions on establishing a "double random" spot check mechanism.

　　The securities regulatory bureaus in Beijing, Jiangsu, Fujian and Henan have successively issued notices to carry out comprehensive self-examination or designated self-examination. Judging from the object of self-inspection, Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau requires that issuers with surviving bonds as of April 30 should carry out self-inspection of bond business; Fujian Securities Regulatory Bureau and Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau require that as of April 30, issuers and original rights holders of surviving corporate bonds and ABS conduct self-inspection. In addition, the Fujian Securities Regulatory Bureau also requires relevant intermediaries to conduct self-examination; Jiangsu Securities Regulatory Bureau appointed 385 bond issuers to conduct self-examination and self-correction on the surviving bonds.

　　"Self-inspection of bonds is the proper normalization of bond supervision. Expanding and standardizing the scope of self-inspection is the optimization of bond supervision in the new stage and the key to the stable development of the bond market." Tian Lihui, dean of the Institute of Financial Development of Nankai University, said in an interview with a reporter from Securities Daily.

　　A related person from the bond financing department of a brokerage told reporters that the normalized on-site inspection or self-examination will help to find problems in advance and "early warning and demining" in advance.

　　The 2023 System Work Conference of the China Securities Regulatory Commission mentioned, "Strengthen comprehensive judgment and forward-looking response, and steadily and orderly resolve risks in key areas such as private equity funds, local trading venues, and bond defaults." The 2023 bond supervision work conference of the China Securities Regulatory Commission proposed, "comprehensively deepen the prevention and resolution of key bond risks, strive to further converge the risk of bond default, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors."

　　Regarding the reasons for the self-inspection by the securities regulatory bureaus in the four places, Fei Chao said, "The regulatory authorities aim to further transmit the regulatory pressure through the normalized inspection system, clarify the regulatory priorities, and effectively implement the decision-making arrangements of the 2023 CSRC System Work Conference and the Bond Supervision Work Conference to ensure the stable and healthy development of the bond market in the jurisdiction."

　　New urban investment and real estate enterprises

　　Special index

　　Self-examination and on-site inspection are not "two choices". On April 24, 2023, Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau issued the self-inspection notice of corporate bonds in its jurisdiction, and on May 6, 2023, it released the "double random" extraction list of the on-site inspection objects of corporate bond issuers in its jurisdiction.

　　In the notice of self-inspection, Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau stated that if the issuer of corporate bonds and the original owner of ABS found violations of laws and regulations in the self-inspection stage and took timely rectification and remedial measures, Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau would handle them as appropriate according to the seriousness of the circumstances and the harmful consequences; For issuers and original rights holders who refuse to conduct self-examination, fail to conduct self-examination seriously, and fail to complete self-examination on schedule, as well as issuers and original rights holders who fail to truthfully reflect the situation and deliberately conceal illegal acts during self-examination, Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau will focus on and strictly deal with them in subsequent on-site inspections.

　　The Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau also stated in the self-inspection notice that on the basis of the self-inspection work of corporate bond issuers, the Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau will carry out on-site inspection according to the work arrangement.

　　Judging from the self-examination papers of corporate bond issuers issued by the local securities regulatory bureau, the regulatory authorities focus on four aspects, namely, solvency, information disclosure, fund raising, corporate governance and commitment fulfillment.

　　Among them, in terms of solvency, the self-inspection draft requires the city investment issuer and the real estate enterprise issuer to fill in the special indicators of self-inspection respectively. "This is a new requirement put forward by the regulatory authorities this year." A related person from the bond financing department of the above-mentioned brokerage firm told the reporter that it may be because the scale of bonds issued by city investment companies is relatively large, and the potential risks of real estate enterprises are relatively high, so they have become key enterprises.

　　"Since the self-inspection work is to promote and standardize bond issuance, and city investment companies and real estate enterprises are often highly leveraged, they are required to fill in special indicators and make more demanding information disclosure, which is the need for risk prevention and market stability." Tian Lihui said.

　　"Combined with the key concerns of corporate bond review issued by the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in 2021, this is a specific regulation made by the regulatory authorities in combination with key concerns and related information disclosure requirements, aiming at guiding and urging issuers and related intermediaries to improve corporate bond information disclosure quality, effectively arranging risk of debt of enterprises in related industries, and doing a good job in risk prevention." Fei Chao said.

　　Sinopec employees work on the site of the new refinery project in Kuwait. Kuwait is one of the first countries to respond to China’s "Belt and Road Initiative". Photo courtesy of Xinhua News Agency

　　As one of the highlights of the second "Belt and Road" summit forum, today’s forum will hold an entrepreneur conference for the first time. Yesterday, Chen Zhou, vice president of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, revealed at the press conference held at the summit forum that nearly 900 representatives from international organizations, government departments, trade and investment promotion institutions and associations, enterprises, etc. will attend the conference, including 90 Fortune 500 enterprises and 78 Fortune 500 enterprises in China. The conference will organize nearly 1,000 one-on-one talks between Chinese and foreign enterprises, and a number of cooperation projects will be signed on site.

　　achievement

　　The localization rate of overseas institutions of central enterprises exceeds 85%

　　According to Xia Qingfeng, director of the Propaganda Bureau of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, there are currently 3,120 projects undertaken by central enterprises along the Belt and Road, which are distributed in various fields such as infrastructure construction, energy resources development, international capacity cooperation and industrial park construction. At present, among the infrastructure projects that have started or are planned to start, the number of projects undertaken by central enterprises accounts for more than 60%, and the contract amount accounts for nearly 80%.

　　In terms of infrastructure construction, central enterprises have promoted the interconnection of countries along the route, and in terms of international capacity cooperation, central enterprises have also promoted the economic development of relevant countries. Xia Qingfeng introduced that central enterprises have successively carried out more than 60 oil and gas cooperation projects in more than 20 countries, strengthened technical exchanges and sharing with partners in mineral resources development, and effectively improved the capacity and level of energy and mineral resources development in relevant countries.

　　In addition, central enterprises have also helped the economic transformation and upgrading of the host country. For example, Xia Qingfeng said that the Sino-Belarus Industrial Park jointly developed by SINOMACH and China Merchants Group is the largest project of economic and trade cooperation between China and Belarus. At present, 43 enterprises have entered the park, with an agreed investment of nearly 1.1 billion US dollars, which has promoted local employment and tax revenue, and deepened the professional cooperation between Belarus and other countries, including China; The sugar factory project undertaken by SINOMACH and SDIC in Ethiopia has made Ethiopia the country with the largest sugar production capacity and the most advanced technology in Africa.

　　At the same time, central enterprises still insist on localized development in the local area. Nearly 85% of the employees in the overseas institutions of central enterprises are local, and the localization rate of some enterprises, such as the Indonesian branch of PetroChina and the Pakistani branch of China Mobile, is as high as 99%.

　　In addition to providing direct jobs, central enterprises have also promoted local indirect employment and provided high-quality training for overseas employees, such as selecting outstanding employees from CCCC for training in China, which has improved their professional quality and ability.

　　274 private enterprises participate in the construction of the "Belt and Road"

　　Since the "Belt and Road Initiative" was put forward in 2013, the willingness and ability of private enterprises to participate in the "Belt and Road" construction have been continuously enhanced, and the degree of internationalization and competitiveness have also been continuously improved.

　　Ma Jun, director of the Liaison Department of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, said that in 2017, the total import and export trade between private enterprises and countries along the Belt and Road was US$ 619.98 billion, accounting for 43% of the total trade volume between China and countries along the Belt and Road, with a growth rate of 12.1%. Among them, the export value was 432.54 billion US dollars, accounting for 55.9%, with an increase rate of 8.9%; The import value was US$ 187.44 billion, accounting for 28.1%, and the growth rate was 11.9%. According to the report of the Top 500 Private Enterprises in China, 274 private enterprises in China participated in the Belt and Road construction in 2017, accounting for more than 50%, such as Huawei, Geely, TCL and Sany Heavy Industry, which promoted the infrastructure improvement and economic development of the host country and made positive contributions to solving local employment.

　　"At present, China has established 113 overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, with private enterprises leading the majority." For example, Ma Jun said that the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone built in Cambodia by Jiangsu Hodo Group Co.,Ltd. attracted 153 enterprises from China, Europe, America, Japan, South Korea and other countries and regions to settle in and created 29,000 jobs. Up to now, 113 enterprises have settled in the Thai-Chinese Luo Yong Industrial Park built by Zhejiang Huali Group in Thailand, which has solved more than 30,000 local jobs and driven China enterprises to invest more than 3 billion US dollars in Thailand.

　　This year, in order to further improve the guidance service for private enterprises to participate in the "Belt and Road" construction, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce will regularly participate in bilateral and multilateral institutional activities under the framework of national cooperation, including in-depth participation in the 2019 China International Import Expo, full implementation of the four tasks of the Beijing Summit of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum in 2018, and holding activities such as the China-Africa Private Economic Cooperation Forum with the theme of "Helping China-Africa Manufacturing Cooperation".

　　scale

　　900 delegates attended the meeting.

　　Chen Zhou, vice president of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, said that this entrepreneur conference has three characteristics: large scale, high level and strong representation of participating enterprises. A total of nearly 900 representatives from international organizations, government departments, trade and investment promotion institutions, associations and enterprises attended the meeting, including 500 Chinese representatives and more than 300 foreign representatives.

　　Among the participating enterprises, Chinese enterprises include mainland and some Hong Kong and Macao enterprises, while foreign enterprises cover all 88 countries and regions attending the summit forum, achieving full coverage of foreign leaders attending the forum.

　　These enterprises include well-known enterprises such as Tesla, small and medium-sized enterprises, leading enterprises in traditional industries such as energy and agriculture, and outstanding representative enterprises in new economic formats such as cross-border e-commerce, including 90 Fortune 500 enterprises, 78 China Fortune 500 enterprises, more than 100 central enterprises and more than 200 private enterprises.

　　Chen Zhou introduced that the agenda of the entrepreneur conference includes four links, the first is the plenary session; The second is the signing ceremony. There will be a number of cooperative projects between Chinese and foreign enterprises involving a wide range of fields, covering a wide range of countries, with great basic role, strong demonstration effect and many livelihood projects for on-site signing, and follow-up services will be provided for the implementation of these projects after the meeting; The third is the docking negotiation between Chinese and foreign enterprises; The fourth is the closing ceremony, which gives a brief summary of this conference.

　　Text/reporter Dong Xin

1905 movie network news　On the evening of November 18th, the second Chinese documentary film conference "Golden Gull" was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong. Eight films stood out from the 32 entries and won nine honors. Before the closing ceremony, the conference also held the "Glory Avenue" ceremony, where many of the finalists first met the audience.

　

In the category of works, he won the special recommendation for the annual documentary film works; Get the recommended works of natural science; Get the recommended works of culture and history; "Just Run" won the recommended works of social documentary; Get the recommended works of international communication.

　

Among the individual honors, "The Direction of Savoie Flowing" Chen Danyan became the director specially recommended by the Organizing Committee; "Snow Leopard and Her Friends" became the photography specially recommended by the organizing committee; Become a special recommended clip of the organizing Committee; Chad Cannon became a special sound effect recommended by the organizing Committee.

　

"Thank you for the Chinese Documentary Film Conference, thank you for judging teachers, and thank you for all the people who have made this film. Film creation is an endless road, and we will continue to work hard." When receiving the award on stage, the producer of Snow Leopard and Her Friends said with great emotion. The film took six years to shoot, and it was not easy to go all the way. Not long ago, the film just won the Best Documentary Award in the 36th China Golden Rooster Award.

　

"This year’s competition is particularly fierce. There are works that have won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Documentary, as well as movies on the theme of Winter Olympics. It is really unexpected to win the award." Standing in the spotlight of the podium, the director of "Invisible Peak" shared his mental journey of winning the prize. At the same time, he also said that winning the film is not a personal victory, but a victory for all filmmakers. I hope that the Chinese documentary film will get better and better.

　

When the director of "Not an Island" frankly filmed the film, he was deeply impressed by the fact that the recording engineer was afraid to move because of the mosquito bites on his arm holding the equipment in order to ensure the radio quality. The music part of this film was completed online, and the composer Richard Cannon was deeply moved by the kindness of Chinese presented in the film.

　

In addition, Liu Shihua, an internationally renowned violinist and pianist, brought classic songs such as Meditation to the audience. It is worth mentioning that 45 years ago, the Central News Recording Film Studio filmed a documentary called "Spring Bud", and Lv Siqing, who was eight years old at that time, was one of the masters of the film.

　

This year’s Chinese Documentary Film Conference is organized with the concept of "China characteristics, international vision and humanistic feelings", aiming at paying tribute to ordinary people in the industry, attracting more high-quality resources into the industry to expand the market space, and promoting the high-quality development of documentary films in China.

The following article comes from architecture magazine, the author architecture magazine.

Architectural magazine.

The only periodical publishing unit directly under the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is an important public opinion position of the housing and construction system. ■ Urban and Rural Construction magazine (bimonthly, founded in 1956, with the title inscribed by Comrade Deng Xiaoping) ■ Architecture magazine (bimonthly, founded in 1954, with the title inscribed by Marshal Zhu De) ■ Future Urban and Rural Research (internal magazine, published irregularly).

Famous historical buildings

Office building of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

(Former Construction Engineering Department)

Location: No.9 Sanlihe Road, Haidian District, Beijing

Completion time: 1954

Designer: Gong Deshun

Coverage: It covers an area of 10 hectares, with a building area of 37,740 square meters, and has a 7-story brick-concrete structure.

Honor: It was included in the 20th century architectural heritage project in China.

Architecture is the carrier of solidified music and culture, the embodiment and inheritance of urban context, and the nostalgia and memory of generations.

Architecture is a silent history and the most objective witness of the years.

Architecture is an important carrier of scientific and technological development achievements and the crystallization of design innovation, material innovation and construction technology.

These characteristics are all presented in the office building of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (referred to as "the office building of the Ministry of Construction").

The office building of the Ministry of Construction was built in 1954, and it has been put into use since 1955. It is an important landmark building in Sanlihe area, which has had a wide influence in China’s construction industry and is an objective witness to the development of the Republic’s construction industry.

The office building of the Ministry of Construction is large in scale, simple and majestic, with coordinated overall layout, proper simplicity, economical and reasonable internal layout, simple and generous external decoration. After decades of use test, it is still enduring and attractive, and has been well received by the architectural community. It is one of the best buildings in Beijing after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and a successful design masterpiece in modern architectural history.

gain distinction

On March 31st, 1981, People’s Daily published a news in the 8th edition. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, 37 buildings in China have been listed in the History of World Architecture published in Britain, including the office building of the Ministry of Construction.

In 1993, the office building of the Ministry of Construction won the "Excellent Architectural Creation Award of China Architectural Society (1953-1988)". In 2017, it was selected as "the first batch of China 20th century architectural heritage projects" (jointly organized by China Cultural Relics Association and China Architectural Society).

Famous architect Gong Deshun

The office building of the Ministry of Construction was designed by Gong Deshun, a master architect (once the director of the Design Bureau of the Ministry of Construction, and a senior architect (professor level) of the Architectural Design Institute of the former Ministry of Construction of China Construction Science and Technology Group, and was awarded the title of "Master of Architectural Design" by the Ministry of Construction in 1989). It was one of the first buildings built after the establishment of New China, and the office areas of various ministries in the State Council were located in the western suburbs (Yuetan area). At that time, the western suburbs were still large areas of farmland and there were no high-rise buildings. After the completion of the main building, it was very conspicuous in the empty western suburbs at that time. After the completion of the North-South Annex Building, a complete building complex was formed, and the main building was even more magnificent.

Comrade Liu Shaoqi inspected the office building of the Ministry of Construction.

In late spring and early summer of 1955, Comrade Liu Shaoqi inspected the office building of the Ministry of Construction. Designer Gong Deshun and his comrades answered some questions raised by Comrade Liu Shaoqi. For example, the office building has one floor underground and seven floors above ground. The designed floor height is 4.5 meters, the top floor height is 4.0 meters, the other floors are all 3.6 meters, and the five-story auditoriums at both ends are 7.2 meters high. The brick-concrete structure was adopted in the project. At that time, the seismic grade of the area south of Erligou was 6~7. Comrade Liu Shaoqi also inquired about the cost of the office building of the Ministry of Construction, which is 140 yuan/m2. Finally, Comrade Liu Shaoqi also asked Gong Deshun: "What do you personally think are the shortcomings of this design?" Gong Deshun replied: "The nearby people have given this building a nickname, called’ Nine Dragon Wall’, because it is really thin from the north-south direction of the building now, like a shadow wall, and it will not feel thin when the north-south annex building is built in the future. As for the shortcomings, mainly in the design of the five-story auditorium at the north and south ends of the building, for the treatment of the main facade and cornice, the height of two floors is occupied, about 7.2 meters, and the area of one floor is missing; It is a pity that a lot of money was spent on making fake beams during the decoration. These two auditoriums should be converted into two-story offices, so that the two ends of the building will be six floors. The seven-story office in the middle of the building should be properly raised and converted into an auditorium, which is ideal, not only increasing the construction area, but also reducing the cost per unit area of the building. "

Construction background

The design and construction period of the office building of the Ministry of Construction coincided with the first "Five-Year Plan" period (1953-1957), and the national economy entered a planned and rapid development period.

At that time, the architectural design unit learned the design experience focusing on industrial architectural design, and initiated by some influential experts, set off a creative activity of exploring "national forms" characterized by large roofs. In 1954, all kinds of waste in economic construction became increasingly obvious, and the government felt that it was urgent to oppose waste. Subsequently, a large-scale anti-waste action was launched in the construction industry. As an anti-waste measure, the state has proposed to control the construction investment index and reduce the cost of office buildings: 100~160 yuan/square meter for public buildings; The residential building is 30~40 yuan/m2. In this context, the office building of the Ministry of Construction did not adopt the big roof architecture form that was generally designed at that time, but was designed with a flat roof, and the cornice parapet did not use glazed tiles, but was made of water brush stone, which was more economical and applicable, and created the feasibility for adding stories and buildings later.

Basic technical indicators

The office building of the Ministry of Construction covers an area of 10 hectares, facing Sanlihe Street, with a building area of 37,740 square meters and a 7-story brick-concrete structure. Under the technical conditions at that time, building such a high building with brick-concrete structure reflects the innovation consciousness and construction level, and it is also challenging. In the plane and vertical traffic treatment, the route is reasonably shortened and the traffic area is compressed, and proper measures are also adopted for fire prevention and earthquake resistance. This building passed the test of Tangshan earthquake in 1976, and there was no safety problem, and it is still as strong as ever today.

The beam and slab of the load-bearing structure of the office building of the Ministry of Construction is designed according to 3.0m× 6.0m, but the elevation is treated according to 6.0m× 6.0m, in order to avoid the vertical lines of the elevation being too dense and the appearance being more light.

The original main building is 30 meters high and 90 meters wide. Later, the main building and the five-story annex building of the north and south wings built later were integrated into a whole, with a total width of 220 meters, which was basically a national form of axially symmetric buildings.

Planning and design characteristics

The office building of the Ministry of Construction retreats from the red line, forming a Little Square, which is even more magnificent when viewed from a distance. The architectural design fully embodies the "Chinese but new" style advocated by Mr. Liang Sicheng at that time, that is, a modern building with China characteristics. The architectural appearance is mainly flat roof modeling, and the overall modeling is simple and lively, which is both magnificent and economical. Between the south and north annex buildings and the main building, the scale is appropriate and the connection is smooth, and the overall effect of the building is more magnificent.

At that time, the design requirements had a certain height and boldness of vision. Considering the characteristics of the new China architecture, the designer absorbed the characteristic modeling elements of the traditional national architecture in China from the ancient stone que, such as adopting the eaves treatment method which was common in the Yuan Dynasty in China, and the facade was treated as a double cornice. The diameter of reinforced concrete overhangs, tiles and dripping water is 18 cm. No matter from which angle, the proportions of all aspects are very appropriate.

one

Agility and vitality

The office building of the Ministry of Construction has successfully used the traditional symmetrical layout of the central axis, with the solemn and magnificent 7-story main building as the central main building and the five-story buildings in the north and south as the wings, thus shaping a national office building with the traditional enclosed space form of China. In the design of architectural style, China’s traditional architectural forms and decorative arts are skillfully used to innovate.

The design of the entrance hall of the office building of the Ministry of Construction is also very clever. The entrance treatment is to highlight a porch in front of the building, and the entrance hall is located in the building. This design requires the height of the entrance hall to be increased, which will make it look spacious.

The passage connection not only has the transition space of the front hall, but also reflects the heaviness, solemnity and atmosphere through the beams and columns. The decoration of glazed tiles not only reflects the inheritance of traditional architecture in China, but also shows agility and vitality through carved stone. The passage and the doorway below expand the overall width and add a solemn atmosphere.

The window cover on the bottom floor is semicircular arch, showing a powerful and strong visual effect. The sill wall under the window of the standard floor is embedded with simple decorative patterns to enrich the aesthetic effect of the facade.

2

Beauty of symmetry

Generally speaking, the functional requirements of office buildings are relatively simple, and there are fewer restrictions on function and content when determining the body shape. Therefore, when determining the body shape, we should first consider whether the building height is in harmony with the surrounding environment and its influence on the city appearance. Building a single main building on an empty site, symmetrical style can better meet the requirements of public aesthetics, especially the shape of the building itself should pay attention to the effects from all angles to avoid "a thin sheet" shape. For example, before the building of the Ministry of Construction was connected to the north and south wings, the masses called it the "Nine Dragon Wall" and the "Great Wall of the People". After the construction of the north-south annex building, the situation has completely changed. It can be seen that symmetry is very important for a large office building.

According to Han Aixing, former deputy director of the Standard and Quota Department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the main building and annex building were built and rebuilt several times separately. For the first time, only six floors of the main building were built, and then four floors of the north-south annex building were built. Later, it was found that the main building was not high enough, and the seventh floor of the main building was added. After the addition of the main building, it was found that the annex building was not high enough, and finally the fifth floor of the north-south annex building was added. Finally, the current architectural complex pattern of the main building and the annex building was formed.

three

See the foundation for details.

In architectural design, the architect fully considered the traditional elements of China architecture, combined with local residential styles, stone buildings, decorative patterns, etc., and finally presented both the historical and cultural heritage of China architecture and the diversity, reflecting the characteristics of national architecture. For example, creatively drawing lessons from the overhanging practice of ancient stone chambers more than 1,000 years ago, the double eaves are decorated with glazed hooks and dripping water, and the traditional patterns such as moving beam heads, sparrows and colored paintings are skillfully used to express architectural details, especially the overhanging eaves, tiles, porches, stone pillars and stone steps. The cornice is picked out by reinforced concrete rafters with reference to the cornice-overhanging technology of traditional buildings in China. Due to repeated full-scale model tests in design, the cornice proportion and size are very appropriate. The exterior wall is made of water brush stone, which is durable.

Another detail of the office building of the Ministry of Construction is very reasonable, that is, the main staircase in the office building is set in an obvious position facing the gate. Because the general working hours are concentrated, there are many contacts between the upper and lower floors during office hours, and spacious stairs are particularly suitable. At the same time, in addition to the main staircase, another set of stairs is set on the north and south sides respectively, which is beneficial to solve the problem of crowded people going upstairs and downstairs during peak hours.

four

Exquisite and elegant demeanor

The architectural details are decorated with simplified China traditional architectural components and patterns, which reflects the traditional architectural style of China. The decorative patterns distributed in various positions of the building are ingenious and exquisite everywhere, which makes the whole building add delicate artistic beauty to its majesty.

five

remain unshakable and become even firmer as time goes by

According to Gong Deshun’s recollection, the detailed treatment of this building was inspired by the traditional stone buildings in China. The cornice overhang and the size and spacing of the rafters were made of plywood, which were put in place and checked repeatedly at the construction site before they were finally determined.

Gong Deshun raised the parapet on the roof of the five-story conference room on both sides and connected the eaves on the sixth floor to a horizontal plane. The eaves on the sixth and seventh floors and the main entrance and exit porches were designed as small slopes with rafters under the eaves picked out one by one. The architectural details were handled perfectly and played a good aesthetic effect on the facade. The whole building is simple and proper, solemn and generous, simple and magnificent. After decades of tests, it is still a classic building with unique style and is deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.

Mr. Xu Ronglie, the former chief engineer of the Ministry of Construction, once recalled: "The majestic, solemn, elegant, generous and China-rich architectural charm emanating from the artistic style of the office building of the Ministry of Construction has greatly attracted many experts, scholars and people in the industry at home and abroad, especially us young people. After more than half a century of ups and downs, this building is still one of the proud leaders among many high-rise buildings in Beijing. "

six

Green energy saving

Compared with the classic appearance, the interior space of the building is also remarkable. Whether it is corridor or indoor office space, it shows spacious and bright atmosphere. In order to save energy, the designed wall is thick and the ratio of window to wall is moderate, which can not only meet the lighting requirements, but also achieve the thermal insulation effect, and has the comfort of warm in winter and cool in summer.

At that time, the original appearance of the wooden window was designed, and the two-story window had good thermal insulation effect. According to the memories of the leaders who used to work here, the original windows also have external shading, roller blinds and shading pages made of pine.

After 2000, a maintenance and decoration was carried out, the building was strengthened and the windows were replaced.

seven

Architectural model

The Beijing Declaration issued at the 20th International Association of Construction (Beijing) Conference held in 1999 pointed out that the development direction of world architecture in the 21st century will be "the localization of modern architecture and the modernization of regional architecture", and the idea of creating "Chinese but new" local modern architecture has risen again, that is, China’s modern architecture is localized, not imported. From this point of view, looking at the office building of the Ministry of Construction today, although it has experienced nearly 70 years of wind and rain, it still stands tall, full of traditional architectural cultural elements, and embodies the modern, cutting-edge and fashion trends, and is still an important representative building to carry forward China’s traditional architectural culture.

Feng Jicai, a famous writer, once said, "Historical buildings retain a historical space. Because this space still exists, history becomes beyond doubt. In the meantime, history seems to be suddenly enlarged by flesh and blood. The past life forms seem to be called back at any time. Those empty narratives in the history books are all magically and richly resurrected here, and even the spirit of the past can be truly touched. "

Every autumn, the two ginkgo trees in front of the office building will bring gorgeous colors, attracting office workers and residents in nearby communities to enjoy the scenery and take pictures, which reflects the vitality and vitality of the solemn and elegant office building.

tag

The rain and the hurricane are one child, making contributions to the Sanli River.

The office building of the Ministry of Construction is the representative and epitome of Beijing’s modern administrative office building. After nearly 70 years of wind and rain, it is still majestic, solemn, elegant, generous and simple, with the charm of China traditional architecture, and is hailed as a milestone of China’s architectural modernization.

Compared with ancient buildings with a heavy history, the office building of the Ministry of Construction is closer to our work and life, which embodies the life memories of several generations of builders. The people who have worked in this building from generation to generation, although they have experienced rapid modernization changes, feel extremely cordial and familiar whenever they see it. At the same time, it is an indispensable part of a city’s historical memory, reflecting the history and inheritance of Beijing’s capital.

references

Gong Deshun, Architect

Xiao Tong’s 50 Years in the Construction Industry

Li Xiankui’s Living Protection of Architectural Cultural Heritage

For the original text, see the 20th issue of Urban and Rural Construction.

Special thanks to China Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. for providing many precious historical photos!

Original title: "Red Buildings Remember Classics | Office Building of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development"

Read the original text

　　The Spring Festival is the most important festival in Chinese. One of the most important contents of the Spring Festival is the New Year’s Eve dinner.

　　Dinner on New Year’s Eve is called New Year’s Eve.

　　New Year’s Eve is very important, and many places call it "family fun", which is an important family banquet. Amid the cheerful firecrackers and the laughter and laughter of the Spring Festival Gala broadcast by CCTV, it is the warmest and happiest moment in the world for the whole family to sit together, share wine and delicacies, and bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year together. Especially for the elderly, the reunion of their families has comforted and satisfied them spiritually. Looking at healthy children and lively and lovely children and grandchildren, the smile of the elderly is more stretched and warm than ever.

　　It can be said that the New Year’s Eve dinner is the most delicious, sweet and sometimes the most expensive dish in a year. More than 30 years ago, people were looking forward to the Chinese New Year. In a way, they were looking forward to this "big meal". Children, in particular, entered the "twelfth lunar month" gate and counted them with their fingers. I remember when I was a child, most of the neighbors in the courtyard were living in poverty, and there were few opportunities to eat meat and fish at ordinary times, not to mention those famous cooking and fancy pasta. When friends get together and talk about eating good food, they are all looking forward to the New Year, especially the New Year’s Eve. The dishes of New Year’s Eve are the most in a year, both vegetarian and cold and hot. Generally, there are at least 8 dishes and more than a dozen. Only then will the adults let the children eat.

　　In fact, the so-called good things that were eaten at the New Year’s Eve dinner in those days are as common as ever at today’s dinner table, and can be eaten every day. But not then. Because of the lack of materials, most of them are supplied by ticket. Even if you have some money, you can’t buy what you want. Pork, fish, peanut oil, preserved eggs, beer, sugar, tea, etc. are all rationed according to the population or family, and supplied by ticket. National Day, New Year’s Day and Spring Festival sometimes increase the supply items and quantity, for example, each person can supply half a catty of pork, and each household can buy two jins of candy and several boxes of Daqianmen cigarettes. Many families will "diet" and "cut down on meat" during the period near the Chinese New Year. I haven’t seen meat stars in the dishes for more than ten days, so I should eat as little white flour as possible and keep steamed buns. Pork tickets are saved and bought at one time on the eve of Chinese New Year. In this way, in addition to keeping the bag for jiaozi, you can also stir-fry rice flour meat and even stew braised pork. Once such a "reduced" stomach is released, it is followed by a sharp increase in gastrointestinal diseases. Every year on the 30th, the hospital is very busy. The patient has nothing else, most of which are the problems that come out. In the final analysis, it is the word "poor" that caused the disaster.

　　More importantly, the New Year’s Eve is an auspicious day for family reunion. On New Year’s Eve, no matter how far apart and how busy the work is, people always want to go back to their homes, have a reunion dinner and meet their loved ones who miss them so much. Spring Festival travel rush is the largest and most spectacular "migration" to go home in the world, and those "migration troops" who have worked tirelessly and traveled long distances in anxious to return all expect to arrive before the New Year’s Eve. The New Year’s Eve dinner has become a signal and beacon to call people home, which goes far beyond the meaning of a meal. In some families, you will see such a scene: there is a seat and a pair of chopsticks in front of the dining table, but no one is there. This means that the relatives of this family did not arrive in time for various reasons, or could not go home to reunite with their relatives, but the family could not forget him. Put tables, chairs, bowls and chopsticks, and take the right to be a relative among them. Therefore, many dishes on the New Year’s Eve are also born from this. "Reunion", "family happiness" and "good luck at the head" all contain the wish to pray for family safety and happiness.

　　Many people are very particular about the New Year’s Eve dinner, and they have everything to say about whether they eat or not. Even in the era of food shortage, people showed their magical powers and tried their best to get symbolic food for good luck. Of course, every nation has its own customs and habits, and there are great differences between the north and the south. For example, southerners like to eat rice dumplings, rice cakes, glutinous rice balls, and some eat raw garlic and preserved eggs. Among them, the meaning of rice cake is the most obvious: "sticky (sticky) high (cake) every year", which is auspicious and wishful, and is interpreted as the meaning of rising year by year. The traditional food of northerners is mainly pasta, and jiaozi is the most common Chinese New Year food, which is also a traditional habit with a long history. Some say that it appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, some say that it was officially listed as a must-eat thing for the New Year from the Han Dynasty, and some say it was the Tang Dynasty. In many places, on New Year’s Eve, when the bell rings at twelve o’clock, they begin to eat jiaozi. Therefore, it is the time of the year, which means "making friends at a younger age", and because the white-flour jiaozi is shaped like a silver ingot, and a pot of pots on the table symbolizes "making a fortune in the New Year, and the ingot rolls in", so many people will go to the bank in advance to change some brand-new coins, or sterilize the old coins with boiling water and pack them into jiaozi with stuffing. This has great appeal to children. On New Year’s Eve, no matter how sleepy or tired I am, I just wait to eat jiaozi and eat coins, and I am happy. Then there is fish, which is also indispensable for the New Year’s Eve, and you can’t eat it all. You have to leave a little, which means "more than one year."

　　With the improvement of living standards, people’s attitude towards New Year’s Eve has become more and more persistent, more and more loving and, of course, more rational. Those who go out to work, work outside the home, and relatives who are temporarily separated from their families for various reasons, whether they have made a fortune or are down and out of luck, are heading for home near the end of the year, all looking forward to catching up with this extraordinary dinner. However, few people bother about the New Year’s Eve. Because people don’t care what they eat or drink, and they don’t look forward to the delicious food that they can enjoy on the New Year’s Eve as before. The New Year’s Eve dinner has gone far beyond the simple appetite temptation. People are more concerned about and attached to the feelings between their loved ones and the warmth of home brought by the New Year’s Eve dinner. These are the most abundant New Year’s Eve dinners!

　　People’s Daily (January 29, 2014, 24th edition)

   Comments on live broadcast helping traditional culture: live broadcast, let the younger generation and traditional art go in both directions.

    Xinhuanet Beijing, March 17th (Reporter Chen Tingyu) Intangible arts such as opera, folk music, traditional dance and traditional handicrafts are being understood and loved by the younger generation such as "post-00" and "post-90" through live broadcast. Love the "quintessence of the country" and pursue the "tide of the country". When watching and enjoying the colorful non-legacy projects such as Huagu Opera and Yangxi Opera, the younger generation is cultivating deep local identity and cultural self-confidence. In the digital era, intangible cultural heritage, a treasure of traditional culture, is entering the daily life of young people.

    In recent years, more and more non-legacy practitioners have entered the live broadcast room and put the long-lost minority art on the second stage of live broadcast. Nowadays, xiang opera and Dongting fishing songs are no longer unfamiliar terms in textbooks, but are "seen" by more and more young people, and they are also loved from all over the world.

    A few days ago, at the Hunan Station of the intangible anchor salon jointly sponsored by Tsinghua University Cultural and Creative Development Research Institute and Tik Tok, Xiao Yan, a representative of Tik Tok live broadcast business, introduced that in the past year, the cumulative number of intangible live broadcasts in Hunan Province exceeded 150,000, and the number of such live broadcasts exceeded 640 million, a year-on-year increase of 178%; 17,000 Hunan non-legacy anchors broadcast in Tik Tok, with a cumulative broadcast duration of over 2.93 million hours, up 95% year-on-year. It is not difficult to find that watching intangible cultural heritage live in Tik Tok has become the daily life of Hunan audience.

The picture shows the event site of "Hunan Station of Non-legacy Anchor Salon"

    According to the data of Tik Tok Platform, in the past year, the live broadcast of intangible cultural heritage in Tik Tok averaged 1,617 performances per day, with the total number of performances increasing by 642% year-on-year. The number of non-legacy anchors who received rewards increased by 427% year-on-year, and the amount of rewards increased by 533% year-on-year. We also found that the income of non-genetic inheritors increased by 34% year-on-year, of which the sales of non-legacy goods increased by 668% year-on-year. Now, it has become a new trend across regions to listen to opera, enjoy national music and watch the intangible cultural heritage in the live broadcast room.

    It is gratifying that many traditional performances and skills are connected with modern young people through non-legacy live broadcasts. For example, Huagu Opera, a national intangible representative project, gained wide popularity from college students to "silver-haired people" in the live broadcast room. At the same time, Huagu Opera, Guzheng and Crosstalk are also the most praised performing arts in Hunan Province.

The picture shows Yi Zhenghong, a young actor of the Drama Heritage Center in Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province and the anchor of Tik Tok Huagu Opera, performing at the Hunan Station of the Intangible Anchor Salon.

    How to arouse the public’s enthusiasm for the protection of intangible heritage and drive more young people to participate in the inheritance of intangible heritage has always been an unresolved problem.

    Yan Yunyu, the anchor of Tik Tok Erhu, believes that the live broadcast has narrowed the distance between intangible cultural heritage practitioners and the audience, and even promoted the popularity of intangible cultural heritage. Live broadcast and short video make the ancient intangible heritage glow with the glory of the times, and it is also known and loved by more and more young people.

    Cao Min, deputy secretary-general of Guzheng Art Committee of Hunan National Orchestral Society, national third-class performer and Tik Tok Guzheng anchor, said that in modern times with advanced technology, the intangible cultural heritage with a long history is gradually fading out of people’s daily life, and Guzheng is one of them. However, in the fast-paced social life, traditional culture and music are like a good medicine that can comfort the soul. We should rebuild the sense of identity of traditional culture in a way that is more acceptable and recognized by modern people. The live broadcast in Tik Tok has enabled folk music to find a modern bosom friend.

    Guqin art is a new form with the longest history and continuous inheritance in China, and it is a master of instrumental art.. Spreading to the public, especially teenagers, is an important part of the inheritance and protection of Guqin art.

    According to Lynne, an associate researcher at the Music Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Art and a representative inheritor of the national intangible guqin art, as early as 2006, the Chinese Academy of Art and the China Intangible Cultural Genetic Protection Center established and planned the activities of guqin art entering universities, with the active participation of local guqin artists and non-governmental organizations, and publicized and educated the public guqin art for college students nationwide. Subsequently, the object of communication activities has gradually changed from university teachers and students to cover the vast number of primary and secondary school students and young guqin lovers. The purpose of these activities is to sow childlike innocence and hand over the intangible art to the future. Nowadays, the new media communication mode has brought new experience and hope to these works.

    To a certain extent, the non-legacy live broadcast is still a form of universal education.

    Cao Min believes that the live teaching of art courses is a more advanced mode, which solves the problem of uneven art education resources. In the past, children in the mountains had to be exposed to advanced art education unless they went out of the mountains and went to first-and second-tier cities, which required huge efforts and often had little chance. Now through the live broadcast platform, children have the opportunity to appreciate traditional culture and skills, enriching people’s spiritual world and real life. At the same time, anchors can also use their real talents to get recognition and feedback from fans, such as praise and reward, forming a virtuous circle of two-way complementarity.

    At the same time, the current traditional handicrafts and non-legacy arts are also facing the bottleneck of lack of successors, and there has been a talent gap, while new communication methods such as live broadcast have brought traditional arts closer to young people.

    Lian Chunhai, a researcher at the Institute of Fine Arts of the Chinese Academy of Art, said that the age of practitioners of traditional handicrafts is gradually aging, and it takes a long time to learn traditional skills, so there is a talent gap. In the new media era, the emergence of live broadcast, short video and other forms of communication has created new opportunities for the spread of traditional handicrafts and brought new ideas for the inheritance of traditional arts.

    Zheng Zhang, vice president of Tsinghua University School of Journalism and Communication, said that in order to invite many non-genetic inheritors around and reach more young people, it is necessary to use diversified technical means to give young people access to high-quality and high-level cultural content products. Intangible art can be combined with digital new media and technical means, which is a two-way process for the younger generation and traditional art.

    It is hoped that national music and traditional culture will be popular again and "tidal" with the help of modern communication methods such as live broadcast and new media platforms, and will be perceived, loved and passed on by more young people.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader sent a message to the young people in the new era, stressing that "in the new era, young people in China should inherit and carry forward the May 4th spirit, strengthen their ideals and beliefs, stand firm on the people’s stand, practice their excellent skills, devote themselves to the great cause of strengthening the country, and always maintain the forward posture of hard struggle, together with hundreds of millions of people, and fight bravely on the new long March to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream by the Chinese nation." The author thinks that in the new era, the young people in China should carry forward the patriotic banner, scientific spirit and the tradition of eternal struggle to implement the message spirit of the Supreme Leader General Secretary.

　　To inherit and carry forward the spirit of May 4th Movement, we should hold high the banner of patriotism.

　　Since its establishment, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has regarded young people as the new force and commando for the development of the cause of the party and the people, and has always led, cared for and supported young people to realize their life values and lofty ideals in the great struggle of participating in the country’s prosperity and national rejuvenation, whether in the stormy revolutionary years, in the raging construction period or in the magnificent reform era. A generation of youth has the spiritual coordinates of a generation of youth, a generation of youth has the historical experience of a generation of youth, and a generation of youth has the mission of a generation of youth. In the face of the sudden outbreak of COVID-19, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, young people in China in the new era hold high the banner of patriotism, stimulate patriotic enthusiasm and show patriotic feelings. After achieving phased results in fighting the epidemic with the people of the whole country, they are fully committed to the vivid practice of resuming work and production, promoting stable and orderly economic and social development and realizing the decisive victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "In contemporary China, the essence of patriotism is to adhere to a high degree of unity of patriotism, love for the Party and love for socialism". In the new era, young people in China should know and grasp the historical inevitability of the development of human society and Socialism with Chinese characteristics from our party’s exploration of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s historical development and great practice, and constantly establish their faith and confidence in fighting for the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the new era, young people in China should carry forward the spirit of the May 4th Movement and hold high the banner of patriotism.To unswervingly follow the Party’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics road, we should clearly understand, profoundly understand and thoroughly understand the truth that "without communist party, there will be no new China, only socialism can save China, and only Socialism with Chinese characteristics can develop China", learn the history of the Party, know the Party’s situation, listen to the Party’s words and follow the Party. We must adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, closely link our ideals with the future of the motherland, closely link our growth with the destiny of the nation, and integrate our personal pursuit of happiness into the great practice of seeking happiness for the people of China and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, so that our ideals, careers, happiness and the future of the country, the people’s happiness and the destiny of the nation can be United in the same direction, with the same direction and with the same strength, so that our youth can serve the motherland, the people and the people.

　　Inheriting and carrying forward the spirit of May 4th Movement should carry forward the scientific spirit.

　　The majority of young people insist on taking science as a sharp weapon to win the epidemic prevention and control war, establish scientific spirit, adopt scientific methods, strengthen scientific research, insist on asking science for answers, methods and results, and make outstanding contributions to the phased achievements of epidemic prevention and control together with the people of the whole country.

　　In the new era, young people in China should carry forward the scientific spirit. First, they should adhere to the Marxist scientific outlook. Marxism is a science about realistic people and their historical development, and its research object is all human historical activities and the whole historical process. We should learn, understand and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, the latest achievement of Marxism in China. From a macro perspective, we can handle the relationship between man and nature and realize the sustainable development of the country’s economy and society. From the middle point of view, we can handle the relationship between people and society, effectively solve the problem of "people’s dependence on things" formed by the logic of capital, and provide guidance for work, study and life; From the microscopic point of view, it can deal with the relationship between good people and self, effectively eliminate cultural nihilism, and enhance their sense of acquisition and happiness.

　　Second, we must learn to think scientifically and be brave in pioneering and innovating. On the one hand, we should carry forward the tradition of pioneering spirit, promote innovation consciousness in the whole society with practical actions that dare to innovate, dare to innovate and be good at innovation, stimulate the innovation wisdom of all people, unite the innovation strength of all people, release the innovation vitality of the whole society, seize the historical opportunity of the new round of scientific and technological and industrial revolution, give full play to the key role of scientific and technological innovation, and seize the "bull’s nose" of scientific and technological innovation to seize the opportunity, win the initiative and win the initiative for promoting reform and development. On the other hand, we should strengthen the comprehensive research, systematic planning and overall promotion of all work, make clear the distance in time, use the long to see the short, from near to far, and orderly, so as to be steady and far-reaching; Make clear the size in space, look at the small with the big, accumulate the small to be the big, and make the easy first and then the difficult, so as to make the big things easy, make the difficult things easy, achieve career success and promote national development.

　　Third, we must persist in joint efforts in scientific research and promote the integration of science and humanities. On the one hand, it is necessary to enhance team awareness, work together to tackle key problems scientifically, and in view of the increasingly prominent reality of cross-disciplinary clustering and multi-field technology integration, rely on team strength to gather wisdom to tackle key problems, integrate scientific research strength and resources, and give full play to the advantages of all aspects, so as to form an overall joint force to promote scientific and technological innovation and accelerate the construction of an innovative country. On the other hand, it promotes the integration of science and humanities, emphasizing both the value of humanistic spirit and the charm of scientific rationality; He is good at using empirical methods to study social science issues, but also good at thinking about natural science issues from the perspective of humanities, realizing the interaction between scientific research and humanistic thinking, the blending of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, and the scientific application of natural science research methods and social science research methods, further highlighting the role of science and technology in economic and social development.

　　Inheriting and carrying forward the spirit of the May 4th Movement should carry forward the tradition of permanent struggle.

　　Young people in the new era carry forward the tradition of eternal struggle. First, they should guide their life with ideals and beliefs. In the new era, young people in China need to set up lofty ideals of communism, as well as their faith in Marxism, Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream. They should proceed from reality, plan from the present, start from the present, and handle the dialectical relationship between ideal and reality, long-term and present. They should set up ideals as well as focus on reality, guide practical work with lofty ideals and support lofty ideals with practical work. It is necessary to take a long-term view and base on the present. Only by taking a long-term view can we motivate ourselves to move forward, and only by standing on the present can we make steady progress. To establish a high degree of consciousness of integrating one’s ego into the motherland’s ego and the people’s ego, we must be ambitious and down-to-earth. We must temper our noble character and practice it. We must not only improve our ability and quality, but also ensure our physical and mental health, so that we can become builders and successors of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　Second, we should take hard study as a ladder for growth and progress. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "In the new era, young people in China should enhance their sense of urgency in learning, be eager to study tirelessly, study hard Marxist standpoints and methods, master scientific and cultural knowledge and professional skills, improve their humanistic quality, increase their knowledge and temper their character in their studies, increase their talents and skills in their work, serve the people with genuine talents and practical learning, and contribute to the country with innovation!" In the new era, young people in China should establish the concept of lifelong learning, learning all the time and learning everything, understand the truth that "young people are easy to learn when they are old, and one inch of time can’t be light", grasp the method that "what they get on paper is shallow at last, and they know nothing about it", adhere to the tenacity that "the bench should be cold for ten years, and the article should not be empty", and bear in mind that "it is the night when men are reading"

　　Third, we should regard practice as a stage to keep our passion for struggle forever. In the new era, young people in China should join the people in the great practice of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, deeply understand the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, promote the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, dialectically treat the development speed, efficiency and sustainability, and fully understand the characteristics of the new round of scientific and technological and industrial revolution, such as the continuous emergence of major subversive technologies, the accelerated transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and the monopoly of industrial organization forms and industrial chains. Actively cultivate new impetus for development, shape more leading development that can give full play to the first-Mover advantage, and contribute their youth and strength to the Chinese dream of building an innovative country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　(Li Zhongshuang is a researcher at the Theoretical System Research Center of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, Jilin Province)

　　Refine the definition of domestic violence and make it clear that it is also domestic violence that commits violations through the internet; Improve the mandatory reporting system, and include those who are unable to report due to old age, disability, serious illness, coercion, intimidation and other reasons into the protection object; Creatively expand the protection object, and make it clear that minors who witness domestic violence are victims of domestic violence …

　　A few days ago, the Measures for the Implementation of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Guangdong Province (hereinafter referred to as the Measures) was voted by the 22nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress of Guangdong Province and will be implemented on October 1, 2020.

　　It is understood that the "Measures" have a number of highlights reflecting Guangdong characteristics. The relevant person in charge of the Guangdong Women’s Federation, the drafting unit, said that it is of great significance for the Measures to innovate relevant work systems and measures and strive to build an anti-domestic violence prevention and control system with Guangdong characteristics to promote the province’s anti-domestic violence work, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women and children, promote family harmony and maintain social stability.

　　Chen Yongkang, deputy director of the Social Committee of the Guangdong Provincial People’s Congress, introduced that during the drafting of the Measures (Draft), relevant systems were established to solve the problems existing in the current anti-domestic violence work, such as unclear division of responsibilities among departments, nonstandard handling of complaints, difficulty in giving evidence to victims of domestic violence, and insufficient assistance to victims, and efforts were made to legislate against the problems and solve the problems through legislation. At the same time, learn from the experience of brother provinces, adapt to local conditions, and do not simply transplant.

　　Li Mingshun, secretary of the Party Committee and professor of China Women’s University, believes that the overall characteristics of the Measures are the most striking: First, it highlights the responsibility of public power to moderately intervene in domestic violence; Second, it is emphasized that the prevention and treatment of domestic violence must adhere to the victim-oriented principle and give priority to the rescue of victims.

　　It is understood that the "Measures" innovate relevant work systems and measures, presenting ten highlights.

　　Highlight 1: Domestic violence is expressed by sub-items, and "freezing hunger", "stalking", "harassing" and "spreading privacy" are clearly defined as domestic violence.

　　The Measures itemize domestic violence from five aspects: injury, restriction of personal freedom, threat to personal safety, mental aggression and other domestic violence. According to the needs of work practice and in response to social concerns, freezing hunger, confinement, stalking, harassment, slander and spreading privacy are clearly defined as domestic violence. Clearly through the Internet and other means to implement the relevant violations, but also domestic violence.

　　Highlight 2: Anti-domestic violence implements social co-governance, and if the victim is found to face personal safety threats, he should call the police in time.

　　Several articles of the Measures respectively stipulate the responsibilities and obligations of people’s organizations, village (neighborhood) committees, social organizations, enterprises and institutions to carry out anti-domestic violence. It is stipulated that any unit or individual has the right to dissuade the ongoing domestic violence, and the victim who is threatened by personal safety shall report the case to the public security organ in time.

　　Highlight 3: Build a comprehensive prevention system for anti-domestic violence work, and bring domestic violence prevention work into grid management.

　　The "Measures" respectively define the responsibilities of all parties concerned around strengthening the publicity and education of family virtues and anti-domestic violence laws and regulations, conducting business training, promoting the construction and sharing of information resources, and resolving conflicts and disputes between marriage and family. Among them, people’s governments at all levels are required to incorporate family education guidance services into the urban and rural public service system; Require the civil affairs department to guide the marriage registration authority and provide marriage and family counseling services for the parties involved in marriage registration; Schools and kindergartens are required to carry out self-protection awareness publicity and education for students and children.

　　Highlight 4: Establish and improve the linkage mechanism of anti-domestic violence, and handle major cases with bad social impact together.

　　The Measures clarify the responsibilities of the people’s governments at or above the county level to establish and improve the linkage mechanism against domestic violence. Require the first department and unit to do a good job of acceptance, follow-up and referral according to their job responsibilities; Major cases of domestic violence involving the responsibilities of multiple departments and units or cases of domestic violence with bad social impact shall be handled jointly with other relevant departments and units.

　　Highlight 5: Improve the mandatory reporting system and expand the protected objects and reporting subjects.

　　In terms of mandatory reporting, people who cannot report due to old age, disability, serious illness, coercion, intimidation and other reasons are included in the protection object, and people’s mediation organizations and their staff are added as the subject of mandatory reporting.

　　Highlight 6: Standardize the public security organs to receive the police, and issue a warning in "four situations".

　　The public security organs are explicitly required to include the domestic violence alarm in the scope of the "110" police service. After receiving the domestic violence report, they should go to the police in time, make a police record, and do a good job in stopping domestic violence, collecting evidence, finding out basic facts, assisting in rescue, identifying injuries, assisting in asylum, and informing victims of their rights. The public security organ shall accept and investigate domestic violence in violation of public security administration according to law; Anyone suspected of committing a crime shall file a case for investigation according to law. The public security organ shall issue a warning if the circumstances of domestic violence are relatively minor, and the public security administration punishment is not given according to law, which is in line with one of the four situations, such as "failure to obtain mediation from the victim".

　　Highlight 7: Enrich the measures of personal safety protection orders, and you can apply for multiple protection measures, and the court will make them in batches.

　　The Measures stipulate that the personal safety protection order can take the following measures: prohibition order, departure order and removal order. Where the applicant is required to apply for a number of habeas corpus measures, the people’s court may make them several times in batches.

　　Highlight 8: Special chapter provides assistance to victims of domestic violence, and temporary shelters should protect the privacy of victims.

　　Attach importance to the assistance to victims, and set up a special chapter on "assistance to victims of domestic violence" to provide victims with multi-level, diversified and three-dimensional assistance from temporary shelter, social assistance, legal aid and judicial assistance, covering temporary accommodation, legal needs, psychological services and difficult assistance.

　　Highlight 9: Improve the family investigation system and the lawyer’s investigation and evidence collection system, and promote the solution to the problem of difficult proof.

　　It is clear that in the civil action of domestic violence, if the victim cannot collect evidence by himself due to objective reasons, he can entrust a lawyer to investigate and collect relevant evidence according to law.

　　Highlight 10: Creatively expand the object of protection, and minors who witness domestic violence are victims of domestic violence.

　　Strengthen the protection of minors and make it clear that minors who witness domestic violence are victims of domestic violence.

　　Vaccination is the key to immunization planning, and it is also a sharp weapon for China to deal with a series of infectious diseases such as COVID-19.

　　According to the "Immunization Agenda 2030" announced by 26 institutions including the World Health Organization (WHO), the goal is to achieve 90% coverage of basic vaccines for children and adolescents by 2030, and to reduce the number of children who have not been vaccinated at all by half. The "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline clearly stated that "the expanded national immunization program should be continued, and the vaccination rate of school-age children in the national immunization program should be maintained at a high level".

　　At present, 14 kinds of vaccines under China’s immunization program can prevent 15 kinds of infectious diseases, including hepatitis A, meningitis and rubella, and the coverage population is mainly children aged 0 to 6. However, there are still four kinds of vaccines recommended by WHO that are internationally recognized as cost-effective and have not been included in China’s immunization program.

　　What is the urgency and cost-effectiveness of these four vaccines for patients? How to set relevant evaluation standards? On the occasion of "World Immunization Week", CBN interviewed a number of clinical and immunization planning experts and gave their answers.

　　The dilemma of high price of PCV vaccine

　　The vaccines recommended by WHO but not included in China’s immunization program mainly include Hib vaccine (Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine), HPV vaccine (human papillomavirus vaccine), PCV vaccine (streptococcus pneumoniae conjugate vaccine) and RV vaccine (rotavirus vaccine).

　　"Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) is the main pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia and invasive infection among children in China." Zeng Mei, chief physician of the Pediatric Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, said that according to multi-center research, nearly 80% of patients with invasive pneumococcal diseases are children under 5 years old. "It is urgent to vaccinate this population with streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine."

　　As a pediatric clinician, Zeng Mei has been concerned about the impact of Streptococcus pneumoniae on children and the related immunization planning process for many years. For example, a multi-center clinical study covering 1138 cases of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in children from 2012 to 2017 showed that the mortality rate of these invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae diseases was as high as 16.2%, and the proportions of meningitis, bacteremia and bacteremia caused by these diseases were 22.9%, 9.1% and 7.8 respectively.

　　In terms of vaccine supply, at present, there are two kinds of PCV13-valent vaccines available in China. Among them, imported vaccines are suitable for infants aged 6 weeks to 15 months, and domestic vaccines are suitable for infants and children aged 6 weeks to 5 years. PPV23(23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine) is used for people over 2 years old who are infected with SPN and have an increased risk of IPD (invasive pneumococcal disease).

　　"In China, there are obvious regional differences in deaths caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and about 49% of deaths caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae occurred in the western region. In terms of mortality, the mortality rate in the western region is 17 per 100,000, which is about twice as high as that in other regions. " Wang Weibing, director and professor of the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, said that the vaccination rate of PCV13 vaccine in Shanghai has reached almost 50% in recent years, and the risk of pneumonia can be reduced by about 82% after vaccination, but the vaccination rate in the western region is less than 1%.

　　Wang Weibing further said that from the perspective of economic burden, the price of PCV vaccine in most countries covered by Gavi (Global Alliance for Vaccine Immunization) is about US$ 3.3 per dose. The price of imported PCV13 vaccine in China is about 700 yuan per dose, which still has a certain gap. "The current price also leads to the vaccine not being cost-effective in health economics." .

　　It is necessary to comprehensively consider many factors such as disease, vaccine, vaccination ability and so on when vaccines are included in the immunization program. Wang Weibing told reporters that on the one hand, epidemiological evidence such as the disease burden of influenza and pneumococcal diseases in China is still insufficient. Because pneumonia, influenza and other respiratory diseases usually have similar symptoms, there are many kinds of pathogens that can cause the same disease, which makes it difficult to estimate the disease burden of vaccine-preventable diseases, and it is difficult to observe the effect after vaccination.

　　On the other hand, from the point of view of vaccine supply, because PCV vaccine contains many serotypes, the production process is complex and there are certain technical barriers, which leads to the vaccine supply can not meet the needs of being included in the national immunization plan. However, with the joining of Chinese manufacturers who independently research and develop PCV vaccine, it is believed that the current situation of insufficient supply will be expected to be improved.

　　Significance of free HPV vaccination

　　Since the first government-led HPV vaccine free vaccination project was launched in Erdos city three years ago, at present, Guangdong, Hainan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Tibet and Chongqing provinces have also started or announced that they will launch a global HPV vaccine free vaccination program.

　　According to other data, there are six kinds of HPV vaccines listed in the world, including two bivalent HPV vaccines independently developed by China (one from Wan Tai and one from watson biological). As of March 2023, 126 countries and regions have included HPV vaccine in the immunization program.

　　"In terms of HPV vaccination, people’s acceptance and participation enthusiasm are higher than expected. These explorations may provide important reference for the inclusion of HPV vaccine in national immunization planning decisions." Zhang Jun, deputy dean of the School of Public Health of Xiamen University and deputy director of the National Infectious Disease Diagnostic Reagents and Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Center of Xiamen University, said in an interview.

　　In Zhang Jun’s view, there is no doubt about the health damage caused by HPV infection in China. With the large and stable supply of high-quality domestic HPV vaccines and widely recognized by the public, the independent control of vaccine research and development and the long-term sustainability of supply have become a fact. "At present, HPV vaccines have not been included in the national immunization plan, and the main difficulty lies in the high cost and price of vaccines and the uncertainty of public acceptance."

　　Judging from the bidding price of Jiangsu Province’s previous procurement, the bivalent HPV vaccine in watson biological was 246 yuan/piece, and the bivalent HPV vaccine in Wan Tai was 329 yuan/piece, and three shots were inoculated in the whole process. In addition, the average price of HPV tetravalent vaccine ranges from 800 to 900 yuan per dose, and the total price of three doses of HPV nine-valent vaccine is about 4,000 yuan.

　　"Because the research and development cycle of HPV vaccine is generally more than 10 years, it requires high production facilities and quality control. In order to maintain a virtuous circle of market demand-R&D investment, the pricing of products should not be too low within several years of listing; This may put greater pressure on the country’s budget. " Zhang Jun analyzed the reporter.

　　Du Heng, senior project officer of the Beijing Representative Office of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, believes that enterprises will make production capacity layout and arrangement according to market demand, and naturally leave production capacity to the high-priced vaccine market and people with higher payment capacity. The key population that should be vaccinated with HPV vaccine first, that is, girls aged 9-15, can guide the production behavior of enterprises through strengthening the national immunization program and large-scale procurement.

　　Zhang Jun suggested that, on the one hand, a more flexible medical insurance payment mechanism could be considered. For example, formulate affordable medical insurance payment standards, where the expenses within the standards are reimbursed by medical insurance/finance, and the expenses beyond the standards are paid by individuals.

　　On the other hand, on the basis of bidding and purchasing with quantity, considering increasing the time factor, relatively high prices are allowed in the first few years, so that enterprises can recover their costs as soon as possible and obtain reasonable income, maintain their enthusiasm for innovation, and quickly switch to cost pricing or market competition after a certain number of years and more diversified manufacturers, so as to ensure the sustainability of immunization planning policies.

　　Implement a scientific and accurate evaluation standard path

　　Professor Tang Shenglan, co-director of the Global Health Research Center of Duke University in Kunshan and head of the Innovation Laboratory of Vaccine Delivery Research, told the reporter that there have been many mature research results on the key decision-making research and the selection of vaccine varieties for introducing immunization programs for new vaccines in the world, which generally involve three types of indicators.

　　The first category is indicators related to disease prevalence and burden. "For example, malaria is highly prevalent and has a high disease burden in many African countries, so it is necessary to include malaria vaccines in the immunization programs of these countries. However, malaria has been effectively controlled in China. In 2021, WHO awarded China the certification for eliminating malaria. Obviously, malaria vaccine will not be considered in the expansion of immunization programs in China. " Tang Shenglan said.

　　The second kind of indicators mainly focus on the vaccine itself, including its effectiveness, safety, quality, supply capacity and health and economic benefits.

　　The third category of indicators involves financial resources, manpower and material resources. Tang Shenglan analyzed in detail for the reporter. Financial resources mainly refer to whether China’s health financing mechanism can support the expansion decision. Generally speaking, if the budget is abundant this year, it will vigorously expand vaccination, and if the budget is tight next year, it will reduce vaccination coverage (the baby born next year will not be able to enjoy the plan). This obviously violates the principle of fairness. Manpower, every time a new vaccine is added to the immunization program, it means that the workload of vaccination increases and the number of possible vaccine adverse reactions increases; Correspondingly, the inoculation technology of new vaccines needs training, and the results of disease surveillance also need to be reported. Material resources include whether the vaccine distribution has cold chain conditions, whether the monitoring system can "expand" synchronously, and whether the media and grassroots science popularization have enough resources for public science popularization.

　　In the next step, what specific measures and adjustments should be made in immunization planning in various places?

　　Tang Shenglan suggested that, first of all, from the national level, a scientific and dynamic adjustment mechanism of immunization program catalogue can be gradually established, and based on this mechanism, the adjustment plan of national immunization program in the next 5-10 years can be defined, and the market can be shaped through this plan. At the same time, guided by health and fairness, taking into account the local disease burden, financial level and residents’ ability to pay, we will explore and support the gradual inclusion of more cost-effective vaccines in the national immunization plan in different regions, batches and steps, and include high-risk groups such as teenagers, the elderly, chronically ill patients and medical workers in the vaccination scope, so as to accelerate the realization of life-cycle vaccination.

　　Secondly, it is to improve the sustainable financing mechanism of vaccines, which can establish the clear expectations of relevant enterprises for the market. "Practice in some places shows that medical insurance reimbursement or moderate subsidies can effectively incite individuals to share and improve the vaccination rate without significantly increasing the financial burden." For example, Tang Shenglan, Qinhuai District of Nanjing, for example, paid about 670,000 yuan to buy varicella vaccine through finance in 2019, accounting for only 1.10% of the basic public health service expenses in the district, but it increased the coverage rate of the first vaccination by 10 percentage points.

　　Thirdly, improve the research and development of key vaccines through policy guidance. These policy guidance can include: optimizing vaccine review and approval standards, accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading, supporting joint vaccine research and development and production, and leaving room for optimizing immunization strategies; Support the domestic substitution of key vaccines to ensure a stable and sufficient supply of vaccines included in the immunization program.

　　Finally, Tang Shenglan suggested that we can learn from some innovative international procurement mechanisms to balance the risks and benefits of enterprises while adjusting vaccine prices.

　　"For example, in the bidding process in the UK, manufacturers are allowed to give different quotations according to different purchase quantities (often the larger the purchase quantity, the lower the price), so that economies of scale can be effectively utilized and the risks of manufacturers can be reduced. The Canadian government will require provinces or regions to estimate their demand before awarding the contract to manufacturers, and require provinces or regions to purchase at least 75% of their estimated amount, thus forming a quantitative guarantee for manufacturers. " Tang Shenglan said that China can fully learn from the experience of developed countries, start with regional pilot projects, and explore a better procurement model. While reducing the price of non-immunization vaccines, it also enhances the R&D enthusiasm of enterprises and achieves the goal of multi-win.