Text/Zhang Xinmeng

It took only one year for the industry’s TOP3 threshold to soar from 200 billion to 300 billion.

In 2016, China’s real estate turnover increased by nearly 30%. What is this concept? "The automobile industry grew by 9%, e-commerce by 20%, and express delivery by 50%. The only thing that exceeded the real estate growth rate in China was express delivery. However, the express base is too small, which is nothing compared with real estate. " Chen Jinsong, chairman of World Bank, made a comparison in the recent Midtown Alliance Forum, which made the 10 trillion real estate plate more specific.

The TOP20 threshold increased by 81% year-on-year

Real estate rivers and lakes, a year of melee, Evergrande surpassed Vanke with sales of 373.15 billion, becoming the first real estate enterprise. Vanke and Country Garden ranked second and third with 363.3 billion and 309.03 billion respectively. Time went back to a year ago, when the leaders were Vanke, Evergrande and Greenland, and the record of the top three remained at 200 billion+.

Sales amount of China real estate enterprises in 2016 TOP20

According to Kerry data, the threshold of TOP20 housing enterprises has increased from 35.8 billion yuan to 64.67 billion yuan, a substantial increase of 81% year-on-year. The total sales of TOP20 increased from 2012.28 billion yuan to 2967.32 billion yuan. The threshold for entering the top 100 has also increased from 10.38 billion yuan to 15.68 billion yuan, up 51% year-on-year.

In terms of sales area, the entry threshold of TOP100 housing enterprises has also improved, from 900,000 square meters in 2015 to 1.29 million square meters, up 43% year-on-year. The biggest increase was the TOP50 threshold, which increased from 1.63 million cubic meters in 15 years to 2.38 million cubic meters, up 46% year-on-year.

According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, from January to November 2016, the national sales of commercial housing reached 10,250.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 37.5%. According to the forecast of the growth rate in the first 11 months, the national commercial housing sales will exceed 11 trillion yuan in 2016.

According to the growth rate of commercial housing sales in the first 11 months, in 2016, the total sales concentration of the top 200 real estate enterprises has exceeded 50%, accounting for half of the real estate market in China. It is expected that the concentration of housing enterprises will further increase in the future, and the situation of "strong and strong" will be further intensified.

Billion clubs expanded to 12.

In the TOP20 list, there are four new housing enterprises, namely Xincheng Holding, Shoukai, Xuhui and Luneng.

The market development momentum is strong, and its significance to medium-sized housing enterprises may exceed that of giants such as Vanke. As Peng Kong, the helm of Xuhui Beijing, who just broke 10 billion yuan, said in an interview with Netease Real Estate, "At least Xuhui Beijing is a 10 billion-dollar organization, just like an Olympic champion. It is not won every day, but there is an essential difference between winning and not winning." Team combat capability may be able to reach a higher level with the experience of scale.

Country Garden, the "King of Suburbs", jumped from the seventh place to the third place, and its annual performance increased by 121%, reaching the threshold of 300 billion yuan, successfully achieving the screaming goal of the group. Earlier, Mo Bin, president of Country Garden Group, talked about this year’s performance and admitted that the market played a great role. It is worth mentioning that in the land market, Country Garden is even more fruitful. In the whole year, 74,461,800 cubic meters of land was added, which not only ranked first among 30 typical housing enterprises, but also set the largest land acquisition area in Country Garden over the years, with an increase of 95% compared with 2015.

In addition to the established 700 billion housing enterprises, in 2016, Sunac, Huaxia Happiness, Greentown, China Resources and Jindi also entered the threshold of 100 billion for the first time, and the number of 100 billion clubs expanded to 12. Excluding the factors of rising house prices, mergers and acquisitions have become a booster for these housing enterprises to rapidly increase their scale. In particular, Sunac’s acquisition in the industry has provided it with a large number of low-cost saleable values. Take Sunac’s acquisition of seven projects of Lemon International in 2016 as an example, with a total price of 4.394 billion yuan and an average unit price of only 2,751 yuan. More importantly, Sunac successfully completed the layout of all first-tier cities with this acquisition.

With its strong expansion, Evergrande finally realized its "One Brother Dream". The data shows that from the listing of Evergrande in 2009 to 2016, the compound annual growth rate of sales is as high as 43.6%, the compound annual growth rate of turnover is also 69%, and the average core net profit rate is about 10.45%. Just as the industry generally believes that 2017 is the year of real estate adjustment, Evergrande announced on January 2 that the expected sales from 2017 to 2019 are about 450 billion yuan, 500 billion yuan and 550 billion yuan respectively.

Wanda, which has been committed to de-real estate, fell from the fourth place in the rankings to the tenth place. During the annual period of the industry, the sales amount of Wanda actually showed negative growth, down by 41.24 billion yuan. At the beginning of 2015, Wang Jianlin announced that the real estate sales target would be lowered by 40%, from 164.08 billion yuan in 2015 to 100 billion yuan. Previously, Wang Jianlin had repeatedly stated that by the end of 2016, Wanda would no longer be a real estate enterprise. In the process of transformation, traditional real estate investment and sales will inevitably be squeezed.

TOP10 local housing enterprises in Beijing account for six seats.

In the first eleven months of this year, the total supply of new commercial housing in four first-tier cities in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen reached 28.15 million square meters. It decreased by 22% year-on-year, of which the supply of commercial housing in Beijing was 6.38 million square meters, with a turnover of 12.56 million square meters, up by 14% year-on-year. Although the supply of housing in first-tier cities has declined, house prices have risen rapidly. Taking Beijing as an example, the sales of TOP10 housing enterprises have all exceeded 10 billion.

Beijing sales amount TOP10 housing enterprises

According to the ranking of sales amount of Kerui real estate enterprises, the total sales amount of TOP10 real estate enterprises in Beijing market in 2016 was 216.9 billion yuan. Among them, the first one ranked seventeenth in the country, occupying the first place in the Beijing market in terms of sales amount and sales area.

In the first sales share of 65.41 billion yuan, the Beijing market accounted for 52.5%, reaching 34.364 billion yuan. The old state-owned enterprises that have been deeply involved in Beijing for 36 years, at the brand launch conference in 2015, the first figures announced were 29 projects that were on sale and about to enter the market. In the Beijing market, where land is scarce, the "big landlord" first put forward the strategy of "urban revitalization officer" and turned his attention to shed reform, old community reform and other fields.

In the Beijing market in 2016, Sunac was the biggest dark horse. The annual sales performance reached 26.993 billion yuan, 17.192 billion yuan higher than the previous year, and jumped from the eighth place in 2015 to the second place.

In fact, Sunac won the sales crown in Beijing in 2013, and its performance at that time was 12 billion, which was basically close to the sales of the tenth financial street this year. However, with the rapid development of its projects, the prolonged digestion cycle of high-end projects and the tight policies, Sunac’s performance in the Beijing market was average in 2014 and 2015, and even its performance fell below 10 billion in 2014. With the loose policy, Dinghao’s market performance is extremely outstanding, and the "No.1 Hospital" products laid out by Sunac have finally ushered in spring.

In 2016, the real estate industry experienced an upward-downward curve, and the indicators of sales, investment and start-up showed an anticlimactic trend. With the continuous tightening of policies, many executives of real estate enterprises have made it clear that the market in 2017 is definitely not as good as that in 2016, and the market target will be lowered.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Gu San Gu Si (ID: GH _ A68D56C34119), Author: Gu Yuan, the first picture from: vision china.

There are not so many things in this world, but there are always some people who create various theories to create various problems. Medical impossible trinity is such a stupid theory.

There is a Mundell impossible trinity in financial theory. It is said that the financial system can only choose two of the three: free capital flow, exchange rate stability and monetary policy independence, and it is impossible to have all three, otherwise it will lead to financial collapse. In this financial theory, there is actually a premise, and that is legal tender.

Someone made up another theory with this theory, which is called impossible trinity’s theory of medical system. Cheap, efficient and good service. You can’t have both, otherwise it will lead to collapse.

At first glance, does this theory make sense? It seems to make sense.

Let me discuss the common views of this theory first. For example, the United States has chosen high efficiency and good service, which leads to extremely high medical costs. It’s so expensive that ordinary families can go bankrupt by getting a rabies vaccine and calling an ambulance. The United States is efficient and has good service, but it is expensive.

Many people praise American medical care and find it particularly humanized. Doctors and nurses are patient and smiling because they choose high efficiency and good service. Since efficiency and good service are satisfied in impossible trinity, the cost can never be cheap.

American nuclear magnetic resonance imaging costs $1,100, appendicitis surgery costs about $15,000, and hospitalization costs $5,000 a day. A federal survey in 2012 found that the average cost per ambulance ride was $224.(about 1485 yuan)To $2204(about 14610 RMB)Between

For another example, Commonwealth countries and Europe choose cheap and good service, and as a result, it is difficult to see a doctor and queue up to death. Make an appointment with a dentist for one month, an ophthalmologist for seven months, and a B-ultrasound for three months. As long as it’s not a dying disease that needs emergency treatment, you have to queue up slowly. In the case of limited medical resources, low price and good service are required, and the result is extremely low efficiency.

Similarly, the medical systems in impossible trinity, the Commonwealth and Europe chose cheap and good service. The reason is simple. Good service requires doctors to listen patiently to every patient and give them time to talk. It takes at least half an hour to see a patient like this. Every doctor can see 16 patients in an eight-hour working day.

The limited number of doctors leads to the limited number of patients you can see every day, so you need to queue up in advance to make an appointment. As long as it’s not a dying disease, it’s not unusual to wait for three to five months before it’s your turn. The Canadian documentary "You are Dead" is about the problem of long queues in the medical systems of Commonwealth countries.

Choice determines efficiency, which is the case in all Commonwealth and European countries. The inefficiency of medical system is everywhere. In order to prevent patients from waiting too long, there is even a law that 90% of patients should be treated by a specialist within 13 weeks, and the rest must be treated within 26 weeks. The waiting time for surgery should not exceed 18 months.

China, with its large population and tight per capita expenses, chose cheap and efficient.The price is high-intensity work of doctors, high turnover of beds and high turnover of outpatient clinics, so that everyone can see a doctor.

Because of the large population and limited medical resources, and I hope everyone can see a doctor, we can only choose cheap and efficient. Choosing cheap and efficient means that it is normal to see a person for three minutes and ask two sentences to diagnose the disease.

If you register in the public top three, you shouldn’t queue up. Doctors need to serve smiles and have patience to listen. Is it possible? How many patients are there in a big hospital a day? Really want to engage in patient service, every patient has to talk about his illness for half an hour, and the efficiency is simply not allowed.

It is also the best hospital in China and America. The Mayo Clinic has 15 times as many medical staff as Concord, but only half the number of patients. 15 times the number of medical staff and 1/2 of the number of patients, which means that the efficiency of Concord is 30 times that of Mayo Clinic.

The outpatient fee of Mayo Clinic started at $500, but after the outpatient fee increased in Beijing, it was 50 Qian Qi.

Do you think Concord is tired enough? In fact, compared with Beijing Children’s Hospital, Concord is already relaxed. The average daily attendance of Beijing Children’s Hospital in winter is 12,000, with a peak of 16,000. In other words, 360,000 people will be treated every month in winter.

But now the first-and second-level hospitals and community clinics can basically be on call. Except for some top hospitals, most tertiary hospitals can also go to the hospital on the same day, see a doctor on the same day, and get the results within the same day or a few days. If this is all difficult to see a doctor, it is hard to imagine that Canada, where the average waiting time for emergency treatment is six to eight hours, and Britain and the United States, where appointments are made for several months.

It is difficult to see a doctor in people’s mouth now. In fact, it is difficult to find the top three famous experts in the region.It is actually not difficult to find the top three directors in the region to see a doctor, because many hospitals are not limited to the number, and they will finish reading it on the same day. Patients are crowded into the top three, which also causes a structural shortage of hospital bed resources. Judging from the number of inpatients undertaken by hospitals at all levels, the trend is very obvious. Low-level hospitals are getting empty, but high-level hospitals are getting crowded.

The beds in the top three are overcrowded. Let’s take a look at the first-and second-level hospitals and community hospitals below. Except for the old people who prescribe drugs for chronic hypertension for a long time, they are basically empty. Why? Because patients simply don’t believe that they can cure the disease.

Ok, is there a problem with the above discussion? Is it the actual situation?The reality discussed above is true, but the theory is wrong.What’s wrong with that?

The first big mistake: the definition of inefficiency, free and high quality in the Commonwealth system is wrong

If you don’t talk about other countries, say Britain. In Britain, the annual per capita absolute medical cost is 3327 pounds.($4,356). However, in recent years, the average life expectancy in Britain has remained basically unchanged, while in other countries, it has improved significantly. For example, in Singapore, the average life expectancy is 82.7 years, and medical expenditure only accounts for 4.3% of GDP.

Health care in the UK has increased from 21 in 2014.(A total of 56 countries participated in the ranking)It fell to 35 places in 2015, down 14 places, and currently lags behind Chile, Algeria and the Czech Republic. This change means that it has fallen to the bottom half of the Bloomberg list, and it is now behind Mexico, which is equivalent to Slovakia and Peru. The NHS is notorious for frequent accidents, insufficient supply and low efficiency.

It can be seen that the medical system of the Commonwealth system is expensive, poor in quality and inefficient. Medical impossible trinity theory,Mistreating welfare medical care as free medical care and giving him a cheap label is actually just medical care implemented by taxation.The cost is very high,Per capita expenditure is close to half that of the United States.

Secondly, medical impossible trinity theory.Completely ignoring people’s needs, and actually treating queuing for medical treatment as a good service.It takes months to see a doctor. Is this called service? Is there only one dimension of good attitude as the standard of medical service quality?

I won’t see a doctor. I’m not a doctor. If you are sick, you can spend 10 thousand yuan to find me. I will accompany you with a smile all day. Is it called service? Helping patients to solve their pain is the first dimension of medical service quality, and even seeing a doctor in time can’t be done. How can this be called good service?

The second big mistake: the definition of the most special American medical care in the world is wrong.

Impossible trinity Theory defines the United States as expensive, good in service and efficient.

Consumers are pursuing cost performance when they consume any commodity.

If you spend 30 yuan to press a foot in a street foot bath shop, you won’t pursue a luxurious hall and beautiful welcome. As long as you press it comfortably, you will say that the service is really good because of its high cost performance. On the contrary, you spend 500 yuan to press a foot in a high-end club. If a stingy man brings you tea and water, you will turn around and leave, because you will calculate your input-output ratio, and you spend more money in the hope of enjoying better service.

That ambulance will cost 1200 dollars for a trip. Is this called service? Just like if you order a fast food, you get 1000 yuan RMB. Who will say that this is good service? I can’t afford to get sick. You told me that this service is efficient and good? What kind of dog theory is this?

Let’s look at what is efficient.Whether efficiency only refers to speed depends on the result.Barefoot doctors in China used to see a doctor very quickly. Most patients came to prescribe some anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers and sent them away. There was no inspection equipment, so the speed was certainly fast.

Efficiency depends on what the result is. What is an important criterion for the quality of medical services? It is the index of life expectancy and the calculation of input cost. Americans spend an average of tens of thousands of dollars a year on medical care, but the average life expectancy of Americans is the lowest in developed countries, and it often drops in some years. What kind of efficiency and good service is this?　

The third mistake: take medical service for granted as a pot of rice.

According to impossible trinity’s definition, a good doctor’s service attitude means a good service. Hurry up and see that a doctor is called efficient and a low fee means cheap. He also made a big mistake. He ignored people’s different needs.

Does the catering market exist in impossible trinity? If you have a big dining hall that everyone must go to, there will be impossible trinity:

Ma Yun came to dinner and ate the dishes of migrant workers, which is called poor service.

It is not expensive for middle-class people to eat, but they have to queue up, which is called inefficiency.

When the poor go to eat, they find that the price is more expensive than the roadside stalls. This is called the price is not cheap.

But didn’t the multi-level catering market completely solve this problem? Isn’t it cheap, efficient and good service for everyone to eat in a place that suits them?You mix all the people at all levels of consumption. Isn’t this an artificial contradiction?As a result, no one is satisfied. Is this the inevitable impossible trinity of the medical market?

More market-oriented medical care is that the needs of the poor will also be met, and it will be efficient and cheap.

India, which we despise, will show the world a model of medical marketization in 20 or 30 years. Private hospitals in India have innovated ophthalmic cataract surgery. One doctor performed cataract surgery for five or six patients at the same time. The doctor only did the key parts, while the rest were all operated by nurses. Low cost, low charge, high efficiency and good effect.

There is a private hospital in India that needs only $1,200 for heart surgery, which is a few tenths of the price of such surgery in the United States, but the level of surgery has surpassed that of ordinary hospitals in the United States. Just because other fields in India have not developed and people’s consumption power is insufficient, the results of medical marketization in India are not eye-catching.

The fourth mistake: misjudgment of China medical care.

If we just compare the United States, Commonwealth countries and China, my point is,Compared with medical care in these countries, medical care in China is efficient, good in service and cheap.

The per capita medical expenditure in China is about 10,000 yuan, but the average life expectancy in China is close to that in the United States. That is to say, it is close to that in the United States at one sixth of the medical expenses of Americans. Isn’t this efficient? When Chinese is ill, he can see a doctor at any time. Even if he goes to see an expert, he doesn’t have to wait for months. As long as you go to the queue, even if you buy a number from a scalper, you can always see him.

If you have to wait a month to meet experts in Beijing, how can 700 thousand people go to Beijing every day? In other words, you can quickly see experts who are equal to the severity of the disease, which is good service. Because the first dimension of medical service is not a good attitude, but that the other party can solve your problems.

Then it’s cheaper, the total expenditure is less, and of course it’s cheaper. The total expenditure of Chinese is lower than that of the United States or the United Kingdom. Once again, this is a comparison, and the bar is fine.

Then why? There’s actually only one reason,The degree of marketization of medical care in China is higher than that in Europe and America.

Nani, what are you talking about? It’s acceptable to say that all medical services in Britain are public, while hospitals and insurance companies in the United States are mainly private, while hospitals in China are mainly public. What makes you conclude that medical services in China are more market-oriented?

The world is often so strange, and the name is easy to deceive people. American hospitals are playing a private name, as if they were the product of marketization. Is this true? No, you have to look at the essence through the phenomenon. What is medical marketization? To put it more popularly, it isHospitals and doctors aim at making money, and the process of making money is less interfered.The less intervention, the higher the degree of marketization.

Do you think hospitals and doctors in China aim at making money? Of course it is. Because hospitals in China are not like public hospitals in Britain, which are fully funded, but hospitals in China have very little financial allocation.The main income of the hospital comes from the fees paid by patients.

Zhu Hongbiao, inspector of the Department of Physical Reform of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that the direct subsidies from all levels of finance to public hospitals nationwide increased from 84.9 billion yuan in 2010 to 270.5 billion yuan in 2018. There are 50,000 public hospitals and health centers, with an average allocation of more than 5 million a year. Even the money for buying equipment is not enough, let alone paying salaries.

Therefore, hospitals in Britain do not aim at making money. They are the same as civil servants, and they are fully funded units. They do not need to cater to the needs of consumers, so they have a fixed source of income.

What is the difference between a fully funded hospital and a hospital that relies on patients to pay for medical treatment? The difference is,If you want to earn money, you must cater to consumers.Otherwise, consumers will not come to see you.

Although public hospitals are subject to various controls,But doctors in China have the motivation to improve their medical skills and to form a good reputation in the local society.Because skills and reputation can be exchanged for money, which can make more consumers come here.

Why can so many doctors operate for more than ten hours from day to night? What are they for? Because medical skills need practice, contact with various cases and repeated operations. Such doctors will become scarce resources, and thus get higher income.

If doctors are managed according to the civil service system, why should doctors improve their medical level? Why are you working so hard? Can’t you see fewer patients? Can’t you do a few less operations? Don’t I get the same salary? Under real public ownership, doctors have no incentive to improve efficiency.

Therefore, for a long time, doctors in public hospitals in China have been working hard, because efforts will have results, and efforts can increase income. At present, the level of treatment and operation of doctors in China is not inferior to that of developed countries, and even leads the world in many fields. The treatment level is high and the fees are not high, which is called good service.

It’s just that Dr. China’s income is limited, so he can’t raise the operation fee, so he can replace it with a red envelope, but he can’t raise the outpatient fee, so he can replace it with drug commission and inspection commission. Of course, these methods are not good, but they still constitute an incentive for doctors, and finally they have not blocked the way for doctors to make money.

Therefore, China hospitals have the motivation to continuously expand their scale, increase equipment and wards, and doctors have the motivation to continuously improve their level. Because they can make money, although they are restricted, they still have access.

At present, the scale of well-known top-three hospitals in various places is often very large, and some of them have operating income as high as several billion yuan. Is this entirely funded by the government? No. It is brought by the rush of consumers. There are always endless queues at the entrance of the top three hospitals, and the bustling crowds come to the door on their own initiative, and they vote with banknotes.

Many people say that private hospitals in China are terrible, and there is nothing wrong. Except ophthalmology and dentistry, other private medical services are really not so good, and they are full of fraud and low quality. Why is this? Because the marketization of public hospitals is not low. If it was a fully funded unit, the doctor would have finished running.

This makes it more difficult for private hospitals and public hospitals to compete. Many doctors don’t want to leave the public to go private for the simple reason.There are many public patients, and consumers have voted with their feet to prove that public hospitals in China can partially satisfy consumers.

Going back to American medical care, American medical care is completely private. Why is it so expensive? American medical care is subject to a lot of government control. Although it is nominally private, it must be handled according to various government regulations, which is called insufficient marketization. Give a few examples and you will understand.

Private hospitals in the United States need to apply to the government to increase beds. Is this called marketization?

Doctors in the United States need to apply to the government for interstate practice. Is this called marketization?

The number of doctors in the United States is controlled by doctors’ unions, and the supply quantity is artificially controlled. Is this called marketization?

The profit rate of medical insurance companies in the United States is set by the government. Is this called marketization?

How many restrictions are there like this? There are hundreds of them, and it takes tens of thousands of words to make them clear, so I won’t expand them here.

Then I’ll tell you again, even if all the medical enterprises in China are private enterprises now, it can’t be called marketization. Because in today’s China, the government-run medical insurance is dominant, and the government becomes the consumer of medical care, and he sets the rules. Even if you are a private medical service, your customers are also the government.

Under the current medical insurance control means, private medical care will also become an inefficient service organization, because it no longer serves consumers, but caters to and obeys the rules of government-run medical insurance.

It doesn’t matter whether the medical institution is public or private. What matters is whether it is market-oriented enough. As long as there are more market-oriented factors, so that consumers can choose with their feet and medical service providers can only make money by satisfying consumers, then medical care can be cheap, good and efficient.

The so-called medical impossible trinity theory is a stupid theory, and it is an argument for the specialization of medical services. In fact, medical care and eating are the same thing, both of which are service industries. How should medical care be done?Would you be satisfied with running a public canteen now?

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Gu San Gu Si (ID: GH _ A68D56C34119), author: Gu Yuan

　　The reference news network reported on July 24. Spain’s "Fun" monthly magazine published an article in May, saying that smiling is healthier. Why do some funny things make some people laugh while others are indifferent? "I think humor is a way of looking at life and an immune mechanism at the same time," said Javier Cansado, a Spanish comedian. "I always think my children are funny, but they are not humorous. I may be able to teach them how to taste wine, but a sense of humor is innate. "

　　According to the article, laughter is a widely studied behavior in the scientific community for decades, and humor shows more about what we think and feel about our relationship with others. Humor is an emotion, so it is difficult to measure.

　　Capture the funny dance of neurons

　　With the help of advanced neuroimaging technology, we know that humor originates from the misidentification area in the center of the brain, which is located directly above the corpus callosum connecting the left and right hemispheres. From this position, you can "supervise" all other areas of the brain that perform their duties.

　　When we are listening to a joke, the sound waves emitted by words will be transmitted to the brain through electrical pulses. How can I hide an elephant in a cherry tree? Faced with such a brain teaser, the left hemisphere will immediately start sorting out information and try to guess the logical ending. At the same time, a small active area in the right hemisphere will help us imagine this narrative from a very absurd angle. In addition, we also need the help of a brain region related to processing language and memory in a short time. When the answer "dye its hooves red" appeared, the surprise broke our expectations. The error recognition area is responsible for synchronizing the logical and illogical parts of the narrative. Once an error is detected, the brain will get compensation by releasing dopamine called "happiness hormone", which will trigger laughter. "A sense of humor requires a flexible brain, because the processes of understanding a joke, finding the interesting part and laughing are highly synchronized." Natalia Lopez Moratalla, an expert in biochemistry at Navarra University, pointed out.

　　According to the article, humor can stimulate positive emotions, but it may not necessarily eliminate negative emotions. In fact, in a sad atmosphere such as a funeral, sometimes we can’t help laughing. Although it seems very rude, it is just a way to deal with existing emotions. Humor can even help us get closer to others in tense moments.

　　The same effect as doing exercise.

　　Lisa Rosenberg, a researcher at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, analyzed how humor can help in jobs that require quick and accurate decisions. "Joking often can relax our brains and increase our objectivity in the face of great pressure." Rosenberg said. Humor and its most common expression, laughter, are not only very useful to us as a psychological defense mechanism, but also bring benefits to our bodies. First of all, laughter is an aerobic exercise, and the exercise effect achieved by laughing for 100 times is equivalent to riding a bicycle for 15 minutes. In addition, the health of laughter lies in "accelerating the heart rate and supplying oxygen to the brain", Moratalla said, "People with a sense of humor have healthier immune mechanisms, the probability of myocardial infarction will be reduced by about 40%, and the average life expectancy will be increased by four and a half years".

　　According to the article, many scientists suggest laughing for at least 15 minutes every day, because laughter may even have the effect of "painkiller". A scientific team at Allegheny College in Pennsylvania, USA, found in the experiment that if people happened to watch a drama before being shocked, the pain they felt would be less intense. The reason is that laughter can promote the production of endorphins, which are considered to be the natural "morphine" secreted by the body.

　　"Obviously, laughter and humor can’t cure the pain by themselves, but they can bring benefits to diseases with low pain, such as fibromyalgia, and can also relieve emotional disorders, anxiety and depression." Manuel Arias Gomez, an expert from the Spanish Society of Neurology, said.

　　Laughter therapy

　　Therefore, the so-called "laughter therapy" has appeared as an auxiliary method in the treatment of some diseases. More and more hospitals have recruited volunteers, usually artists, to bring warmth to the cold hospital environment. At present, a number of organizations have sprung up in Spain, such as Smile Doctor of theodora Foundation, Clowns Without Borders, and Smile Medicine, which are dedicated to promoting the laughter therapy.

　　Madrid psychologist Begonia Cabello has devoted herself to studying the relationship between health and humor and how it can be used by medical staff for many years. "I don’t think enough attention is paid to the way to help patients relieve their pain through emotions." She pointed out.

　　"It turns out to be really effective: when the patient is refreshed, the recovery situation can be more ideal. This has been verified not only in children and patients, but also in adults and the elderly. " Cabello said. Humor, like exercise, is our best "tonic", a healthy living habit and the most accessible "medicine". (Compile/Han Chao)

　　Li dongzeng

　　editorial comment/note

　　Recently, a case of bubonic plague was confirmed in Wulate Zhongqi, Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Subsequently, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region announced that three plague foci had been discovered, and close contacts had been observed in isolation at home. This is the second case of plague in Inner Mongolia since last November. Because there have been many plagues in human history, many people turn pale at the sight of them. In fact, today, through effective preventive isolation measures and treatment, plague has long been less terrible. In this issue, we will introduce the spread characteristics and prevention methods of this disease in detail.

　　one

　　The infectivity of different plague is high or low.

　　There are three common types of plague, namely bubonic plague, pneumonic plague and septicemic plague. Plague is usually transmitted from animals to people through rat fleas biting the skin. After a rat flea carrying Yersinia pestis bites a person, Yersinia pestis invades the body from the skin and first reaches the nearest lymph node, causing inflammation of the lymph node, which leads to high fever and swollen lymph nodes. The swollen lymph nodes can be felt from pigeon eggs to the size of eggs, which is bubonic plague.

　　If patients with bubonic plague are not treated in time, swollen lymph nodes may fester and rupture. These pus are also contagious and may be infected if they are touched. Yersinia pestis may also spread to the blood and lungs, becoming septicemic plague and pneumonic plague.

　　Pneumonic plague developed from bubonic plague is called secondary pneumonic plague, and patients with pneumonic plague will have severe pneumonia. There is Yersinia pestis in the respiratory secretions of patients with pneumonic plague, which is highly contagious. Others will be infected after inhalation. People who inhale Yersinia pestis from the respiratory tract can directly suffer from pneumonic plague, which is called primary pneumonic plague. Whether it is primary pneumonic plague or secondary pneumonic plague, the manifestations are similar, and they all have the ability of respiratory transmission. Plague spread from person to person is mainly pneumonic plague.

　　Bubonic plague is the most common, but the risk is lower than pneumonic plague, and it is generally not contagious. However, patients with pneumonic plague are highly contagious, and the mortality rate is relatively high if they are not treated in time.

　　When Yersinia pestis spreads into the blood from lymph nodes or lungs, it may become septicemic plague. Septic plague is rare, but it is the most dangerous and has a high mortality rate. If the patient is not rescued in time, he may die within 1 to 3 days after onset. Septic plague appears ecchymosis because of bleeding under the skin, and the skin is purple-black. Therefore, it was called "Black Death" after the outbreak of plague in medieval Europe.

　　2

　　There is little chance of infection without entering the epidemic focus.

　　The main sources of infection of plague are rats and other rodents, and in China, it is mainly Rattus and Marmota. Other animals such as rabbits, foxes, wolves, camels and some domestic animals such as cats, dogs and sheep can also become sources of infection. The spread of plague among animals is mainly due to being bitten by rats and fleas.

　　Plague itself is spread among animals. There are 12 types of plague natural foci in China, distributed in 19 provinces, and animals in these natural foci may carry Yersinia pestis. Under normal circumstances, plague will not infect humans, but some people are at risk of being infected because of their professional needs or because of travel and exploration. Therefore, the staff in pastoral areas are often high-risk people infected with plague. People who enter pastoral areas are most likely to be bitten by rat fleas in the lower limbs, so the most common symptom of bubonic plague is swelling and pain of inguinal lymph nodes. There are also some people who enter the plague natural focus because of hunting or traveling, and they are also at risk of infection after contacting animals. If you strip animals suffering from plague, you may be infected by rat flea bites, or you may be infected by skin wounds touching the blood and body fluids of sick animals. Plague infected by stripping animals is more common in axillary and cervical lymph nodes of upper limbs.

　　If ordinary people do not enter the natural focus of plague, there is little chance of being infected with plague, and rats in urban areas usually do not carry Yersinia pestis. If you plan to travel to the plague natural focus, you must know the local plague situation in advance, try to keep a distance from wild animals, and don’t get in touch with the woodchuck when you see it. When entering the grassland, try to wear long trousers and gloves, avoid being bitten by rats and fleas, don’t sit and roll on the grassland, don’t picnic and camp on the grassland, and try to reduce the risk of infection.

　　three

　　Symptoms and treatment after plague infection

　　People infected with plague have different symptoms according to different types. The common characteristics of plague patients are rapid onset, repeated high fever, chills, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat and severe headache. The symptoms of bubonic plague are mainly swelling and pain of lymph nodes, mainly groin, armpit and neck, which are generally unilateral swelling and pain. Patients dare not move easily when the pain is severe. The bubonic plague may be misdiagnosed as other causes of lymph node swelling and pain, such as acute lymphadenitis, lymphadenopathy caused by filariasis, tuberculosis of lymph nodes, etc., but other diseases with lymphadenopathy usually start slowly and develop less rapidly than bubonic plague.

　　Pneumonic plague is characterized by severe chest pain, cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, dyspnea and wheezing. Pneumonic plague is easily misdiagnosed as common bacterial pneumonia or viral pneumonia, so it needs to be distinguished from other pulmonary infection diseases, including lobar pneumonia, pneumonia secondary to influenza, novel coronavirus and so on.

　　Septic plague can be characterized by high fever, no increase in body temperature, unconsciousness, confusion and even coma, extensive bleeding, ecchymosis, cyanosis and necrosis of the skin, and some patients’ bodies are purple and black after death. Septic plague is easily misdiagnosed as coma and shock caused by other reasons, such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, septicemia caused by epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, epidemic Japanese encephalitis spread by mosquito bites, shock caused by staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus infection, etc.

　　After people are infected with plague, the disease can be effectively controlled through timely drug treatment. At present, the treatment of plague is mainly antibacterial treatment, supplemented by symptomatic support treatment. Antibacterial treatment refers to the use of antibiotics to sterilize. Streptomycin is the most effective antibiotic against Yersinia pestis, especially in the treatment of pneumonic plague, mainly by intramuscular injection, which can be injected continuously for 10 days. Gentamicin can also be used in the case of human infection with plague. Tetracycline has bacteriostatic effect, which is effective for mild patients. It can be taken orally or used together with other antibiotics. Sulfonamides are widely used in the treatment and prevention of plague. Sulfonamides are the earliest synthetic antibacterial drugs, which have good curative effect on plague, and they are easy to use, stable in nature and low in price. Symptomatic support therapy refers to helping patients recover as soon as possible by means of antipyretic analgesia, anti-shock, respiratory support and nutritional support.

　　four

　　What should I do if I find a mouse at home?

　　Domestic hamsters and rabbits usually don’t have access to wild animals, and animals don’t naturally carry infectious diseases. Without the source of infection, they won’t be infected, so there is no need to worry about domestic hamsters and rabbits catching plague. However, rats, rabbits and other animals do have a lot of bacteria in their mouths. After being bitten, it is necessary to disinfect the wound in time to avoid bacterial infection. If the wound shows signs of infection such as redness, swelling, pain and skin color change, you need to seek medical attention in time.

　　Families find that rats need to be scientifically killed. The first is to clean up the dead corners and garbage in time to reduce the living space of rats. Secondly, try to block all the passages that mice may enter and leave the room, such as air-conditioning pipe holes and sewer holes, so that mice have nowhere to hide and can’t enter the room. Around houses, corridors and other areas, compliant rat traps, rat boards and rat poison can be placed in places where rats are infested, and eye-catching signs should be made at the same time to prevent others, especially children, from accidentally contacting rat poison.

　　Don’t put snacks in the house at will. The food and all kinds of food in the house should be stored out of the reach of mice. If conditions permit, community managers should invite professional rodent control companies to carry out rodent control in a unified way to improve efficiency. If you find dead rats at home, don’t touch them with your bare hands to avoid being bitten by rats and fleas. You can wear long trousers, masks and gloves, collect the dead rats in sealed plastic bags, and contact the community property management department to dispose of the dead animals.

　　Plague prevention includes bubonic plague prevention and pneumonic plague prevention. The bubonic plague is mainly caused by the bites of rats and fleas on animals, so the prevention of bubonic plague by ordinary people is mainly to avoid contact with animals in the natural focus of plague, and to prevent rats and fleas. If you must enter the epidemic area, you can wear long trousers, boots and gloves, and try not to expose your skin to avoid being bitten by rats and fleas.

　　During the tour, everyone should try not to touch wild animals, including wild animal carcasses. Don’t buy wild animals. If you find dead animals on the roadside, you should report them to the local health and disease control departments in time.

　　If you are just traveling, you can do these preventive measures well, and you don’t need to use drugs in advance to prevent it. If you are bitten by rat fleas in areas with plague, or have close contact with patients with pneumonic plague without protection, you can use tetracycline, doxycycline, sulfanilamide and other drugs to prevent it. (Author: Deputy Chief Physician, Department 2, Infection Center, Beijing You ‘an Hospital)

Beijing Zhengban Fa [2005] No.59

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　"Beijing highly pathogenic avian influenza emergency plan" has been approved by the municipal government and is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

　　November 22nd, 2005

Emergency plan for highly pathogenic avian influenza in Beijing

(Revised in 2005)

catalogue

　1 General rules

　　1.1 Purpose of compilation

　　1.2 Compilation basis

　　1.3 Scope of application

　　1.4 working principles

　　1.5 epidemic situation confirmation

　　1.6 epidemic classification

2 Organization and responsibilities

　　2.1 emergency command organization

　　2.2 Daily management organization

　　2.3 Expert Advisory Group

　　2.4 Emergency handling institutions

　　2.5 Responsibilities of District and County Governments

3 Early warning and reporting

　　3.1 Early warning level

　　3.2 Early warning release

　　3.3 Early warning response

　　3.4 epidemic situation report　

　4 emergency response

　　4.1 the principle of emergency response

　　4.2 Graded response

　　4.3 Basic emergency

　　4.4 Expand emergency response

　　4.5 Emergency response in areas without epidemic situation

　　4.6 Safety Protection of Emergency Handling Personnel

　　4.7 Termination of emergency response

　5 after-treatment

　　5.1 Late evaluation

　　5.2 Reward

　　5.3 Responsibility

　　5.4 Disaster compensation

　　5.5 Pensions and subsidies

　　5.6 Resume production

　　5.7 Social assistance

　6. Guarantee of emergency response

　　6.1 Technical Support of Command System

　　6.2 Communication Guarantee

　　6.3 Emergency resources and equipment support

　　6.4 Technical Reserve and Guarantee

　7 Training, exercises and publicity and education

　　7.1 Training

　　7.2 exercise

　　7.3 publicity and education

　8 supplementary provisions

　　8.1 Definitions and descriptions of noun terms and abbreviations

　　8.2 Plan Management and Update

　　8.3 Plan Interpretation Department

　　8.4 implementation time of the plan

　　1 General rules

　　1.1 Purpose of compilation

　　Through the preparation and implementation of this plan, we will earnestly strengthen the basic work of emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza, build a long-term management and emergency treatment mechanism that combines prevention and extermination, realize systematic prevention, scientific decision-making, intelligent command and overall security, ensure that administrative and technical resources can be mobilized in time when a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic occurs, and take strict measures to effectively control and exterminate the epidemic, so as to minimize the losses caused by the epidemic.

　　1.2 Compilation basis

　　This plan is formulated in accordance with People’s Republic of China (PRC) Animal Epidemic Prevention Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Entry-Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine Law, Emergency Regulations on Major Animal Epidemic, National Emergency Plan for Sudden Major Animal Epidemic, National Emergency Plan for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, Measures for Beijing to Implement People’s Republic of China (PRC) Animal Epidemic Prevention Law, Beijing Overall Emergency Plan for Public Emergencies and related regulations.

　　1.3 Scope of application

　　This plan is applicable to the emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic that has caused or may cause serious losses in poultry production and serious damage to public health.

　　The management object of this plan is the poultry and its products produced, slaughtered, transported, stored, imported and sold in this city, the poultry used for viewing, performing arts, competitions, scientific research and teaching, diagnosis and treatment, and wild poultry such as migratory birds.

　　1.4 working principles

　　1.4.1 Territorial management

　　Governments at all levels shall uniformly lead and direct the emergency handling of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic; Territorial management shall be implemented for emergency handling of epidemic situation; Governments at all levels are responsible for extinguishing the epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza within their respective administrative areas, and all relevant departments shall, in accordance with the provisions of the plan, do a good job in emergency handling of the epidemic situation within their respective functions and duties. According to the scope, nature and degree of harm of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, the epidemic situation shall be managed at different levels.

　　1.4.2 Rapid response

　　Governments at all levels shall, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, establish and improve the emergency system, emergency response mechanism and emergency handling procedures for highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, and improve the emergency handling capacity for highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic; When a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic occurs, governments at all levels should respond quickly and take decisive measures to control and extinguish the epidemic in time.

　　1.4.3 Prevention first.

　　Carry out the policy of putting prevention first, implement various prevention and control measures, do a good job in emergency reserve of personnel, technology, materials and equipment, and carry out technical training and emergency drills on a regular basis as needed; Carry out epidemic monitoring, early warning and forecasting, and timely analyze and warn all kinds of situations that may lead to highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, so as to achieve early detection, quick action and strict handling.

　　1.4.4 Scientific control

　　Implement scientific prevention and control, further establish and popularize scientific immunization and disinfection procedures, strengthen epidemiological research, standardize the operating procedures of epidemic prevention and quarantine, and realize scientific and standardized prevention and control work.

　　1.4.5 Group prevention and control

　　Strengthen the propaganda of epidemic prevention knowledge, popularize the epidemic prevention knowledge of highly pathogenic avian influenza, popularize immunization, diagnosis and disinfection techniques, improve the epidemic prevention awareness and self-protection awareness of animal breeding practitioners and the general public, and enhance the awareness of the whole society to prevent highly pathogenic avian influenza; The emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation depends on the masses, the whole people’s epidemic prevention, and mobilization of various resources to achieve mass prevention and control.

　　1.5 epidemic situation confirmation

　　1.5.1 After receiving the epidemic report, the supervising agency for animal epidemic prevention immediately dispatched two or more epidemic prevention personnel with relevant qualifications to the site for clinical diagnosis and put forward preliminary diagnosis opinions.

　　1.5.2 In case of suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, timely collect disease materials and send them to the Municipal Veterinary Laboratory for serological detection (waterfowl cannot use agar diffusion test). If the diagnosis is positive, it can be confirmed as a suspected case of highly pathogenic avian influenza.

　　1.5.3 Suspected cases must be sent to the laboratory designated by the animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department of the State Council for virus isolation and identification for final diagnosis.

　　1.6 epidemic classification

　　According to the nature, harm degree and scope of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, the epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza is divided into four levels: particularly serious (Grade I), major (Grade II), large (Grade III) and general (Grade IV).

　　1.6.1 particularly serious and highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation (Grade I)

　　Within 21 days, there were more than 4 districts and counties with epidemic situation; Or the number of epidemic spots is more than 10; Or there are more than 4 townships or more than 3 contiguous townships in one district and county; Or in several districts and counties, there are multiple trends, and some people are infected, which continues to spread in a large area.

　　1.6.2 Major highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic (Grade II)

　　Within 21 days, there were 2 to 3 districts and counties with epidemic situation; Or there are 4 to 9 epidemic spots in one district and county; Or an epidemic occurred in two townships.

　　1.6.3 Large and highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic (Grade III)

　　Within 21 days, there are two or three epidemic spots in one district and county.

　　1.6.4 General epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (Grade IV)

　　Occurred in a township and an epidemic spot.

　　2 Organization and responsibilities

　　2.1 emergency command organization

　　2.1.1 Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) shall lead, organize and coordinate the emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the city.

　　Responsibilities of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters):

　　(1) Implement the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Animal Epidemic Prevention and the Measures of Beijing for Implementing the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Animal Epidemic Prevention and other laws and regulations;

　　(2) Organizing the formulation and revision of the Emergency Plan for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Beijing;

　　(3) To lead, organize and implement the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in this Municipality, and formulate working procedures for the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza;

　　(4) to guide the prevention and treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza in districts and counties.

　　2.1.2 The commander-in-chief of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) is the deputy mayor in charge, and the deputy commander-in-chief is the deputy secretary-general in charge of the municipal government and the director and deputy director in charge of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau. He is responsible for the unified leadership and unified command of the emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic and makes major decisions to deal with the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic.

　　2.1.3 member units and responsibilities of the municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal diseases (emergency headquarters).

　　Municipal Bureau of Agriculture: (1) Responsible for organizing and coordinating relevant departments to do a good job in the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza; (2) To undertake the work functions of the Office of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters), and organize and carry out the work of epidemic monitoring, immunization, culling, disinfection, disease diagnosis and reporting, epidemiological investigation and focus tracking in a unified way; (3) Put forward the technical scheme for epidemic control and extermination; (4) Delineate epidemic spots, epidemic areas and threatened areas, put forward blockade suggestions to the municipal government and participate in the organization and implementation; (5) Supervise and guide the culling of poultry in epidemic areas, carry out harmless treatment of poultry carcasses and poultry products according to the prescribed standards, disinfect and treat pollutants in epidemic areas, and disinfect breeding sites and surrounding environment; (6) Organize emergency immunization of related animals in the threatened area; (7) Monitoring related animals and animal products in the threatened area; (8) Organize the establishment of emergency epidemic prevention materials storage, and reserve enough vaccines, diagnostic reagents, disinfection drugs, machines and tools, equipment, protective articles, blockade facilities and harmless treatment facilities; (9) To be responsible for the training of the emergency response reserve team; (10) to participate in the propaganda work of epidemic spots, epidemic areas and surrounding people.

　　Municipal Agriculture Committee: responsible for studying and putting forward policy suggestions for the development of agricultural industry.

　　Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee: responsible for coordinating and organizing the news propaganda work of highly pathogenic avian influenza and popularizing relevant scientific prevention and control knowledge.

　　Municipal government supervision room: responsible for supervising the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in all districts and counties and relevant departments.

　　Legislative Affairs Office of the municipal government: responsible for organizing the formulation of policies, regulations and compulsory measures for the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza.

　　Municipal Information Office: responsible for the construction of information network for the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza, do a good job in network maintenance and ensure the safety and smoothness of the network.

　　Municipal organization: responsible for the implementation of the staffing of major animal disease prevention and control institutions.

　　Foreign Affairs Office of the Municipal Government: responsible for the review and coordination of foreign-related matters concerning the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in this Municipality, and handling matters related to foreign embassies in China, overseas news agencies in Beijing, overseas personnel in Beijing, Hong Kong and Macao Beijing offices and personnel.

　　Municipal Health Bureau: responsible for prevention, medical observation and human epidemic monitoring of high-risk groups, and strengthening contact and information communication with animal epidemic prevention departments.

　　Municipal Development and Reform Commission: responsible for making plans and arrangements for infrastructure construction related to epidemic prevention and control.

　　Municipal Finance Bureau: responsible for ensuring the funds needed for emergency treatment of epidemic diseases such as immunization, monitoring, disinfection, culling and harmless treatment, and strengthening supervision over the use of funds.

　　Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau: Strengthen the quarantine of inbound and outbound animals, animal products and other quarantine objects to prevent the spread of epidemic diseases.

　　Municipal Public Security Bureau: responsible for assisting relevant departments to do a good job in blockade and forced culling of epidemic areas, and to do a good job in security and social security management of epidemic areas.

　　Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce: It is responsible for closing the poultry and poultry products trading market in epidemic areas and cracking down on the illegal operation of poultry and poultry products in the market.

　　City Urban Management and Law Enforcement Bureau: responsible for cracking down on the illegal operation of poultry and poultry products outside the bazaar according to law.

　　Municipal Transportation Commission: Cooperate with epidemic prevention and control, and be responsible for giving priority to the dispatch of emergency epidemic prevention materials.

　　Municipal Science and Technology Commission: responsible for strengthening the research on early warning and forecasting of epidemic situation and prevention and control technology.

　　Municipal Bureau of Commerce: responsible for strengthening market monitoring and management of reserved poultry products, organizing market regulation and maintaining market stability.

　　Municipal Management Committee: responsible for coordinating the relevant units to do a good job in the collection and harmless treatment of kitchen waste.

　　Municipal Forestry Bureau: It is responsible for cracking down on illegal hunting and management of wild birds, closely monitoring the health status of wild birds, and immediately notifying the local supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention when any abnormality is found, and assisting the animal husbandry and veterinary departments in monitoring relevant diseases.

　　Municipal Water Affairs Bureau: responsible for the observation of aquatic wild birds in water source protection areas and surrounding areas, and immediately notify the local supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention when any abnormality is found, and assist the animal husbandry and veterinary departments to do a good job in disease monitoring.

　　Municipal Bureau of Landscape Architecture: responsible for coordinating the immunization of birds in parks under the guidance of animal quarantine departments and health and epidemic prevention departments at the county level, closely monitoring their health conditions, immediately notifying the local supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention when finding any abnormality, and cooperating with the animal husbandry and veterinary departments to do a good job in monitoring the epidemic situation.

　　Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision: responsible for strengthening the supervision of poultry products production and processing enterprises.

　　Logistics Department of Beijing Garrison: responsible for the prevention and control of epidemic diseases in its subordinate units, actively cooperating with the prevention and control of epidemic diseases in the station, and timely reporting epidemic information.

　　Municipal Local Taxation Bureau: It is responsible for regulating and controlling the taxation of poultry farms (households) affected by the disaster, and promoting them to resume production as soon as possible.

　　Civil Affairs Bureau: responsible for providing life assistance to poultry farm personnel and poultry farmers who have difficulties in living due to disasters, and properly arranging the basic life of the affected people.

　　Municipal Tourism Bureau: responsible for cooperating with the Municipal Agriculture Bureau to carry out epidemic prevention supervision and management of hotels and restaurants.

　　Beijing Railway Bureau: Ensure the transportation of emergency personnel dealing with highly pathogenic avian influenza, emergency materials and relevant samples such as prevention and control drugs and instruments, and ensure safety and speed; Cooperate with the supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention to do a good job in quarantine supervision of poultry and their products transported by rail.

　　Civil Aviation North China Regional Administration: organize and coordinate relevant units to do a good job in air transportation support for emergency personnel dealing with highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation, emergency materials such as prevention and control drugs and equipment, and related samples; Supervise the relevant units to cooperate with the supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention to do a good job in quarantine supervision of poultry and their products transported by air, and cooperate with the inspection and quarantine departments to do a good job in inspection and quarantine of inbound and outbound poultry and their products.

　　Beijing Ershang Group Co., Ltd.: Responsible for the reserve of national and municipal commodities and ensuring the quality of the reserved commodities.

　　Beijing Dafa Animal Products Company: responsible for the animal epidemic prevention work of this enterprise.

　　Beijing Huadu Group Co., Ltd.: Responsible for the animal epidemic prevention work of this enterprise.

　　Beijing Sanyuan Group Co., Ltd.: Responsible for the animal epidemic prevention work of this enterprise.

　　2.2 Daily management organization

　　The municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal diseases (emergency headquarters) has an office as a daily office. The office is located in the Municipal Agriculture Bureau. The office of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) is equipped with a command site and corresponding facilities and equipment as a command platform when a major animal epidemic occurs, and it is interconnected with the command platform of the Municipal Emergency Committee.

　　The functions of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) Office for the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza are as follows:

　　(1) Responsible for organizing the implementation of the decision of the Municipal Emergency Committee and the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters), mobilizing the reserve team for emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, coordinating the member units of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters), and contacting the municipal expert advisory group.

　　(2) Responsible for organizing the drafting and revision of the Emergency Plan for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Beijing, organizing emergency drills for highly pathogenic avian influenza incidents, and organizing publicity, education and training for the prevention and treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza.

　　(3) Responsible for the collection, analysis and reporting of highly pathogenic avian influenza information at home and abroad.

　　(4) responsible for organizing the investigation of hidden dangers of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the city.

　　(5) Responsible for issuing blue and yellow warning information, and put forward suggestions on issuing orange and red warning information to the office of the Municipal Emergency Committee.

　　(6) responsible for the construction of the city’s highly pathogenic avian influenza emergency command system and the management of emergency resources.

　　(7) coordinate and deal with the problems encountered in the prevention and treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza.

　　2.3 Expert Advisory Group

　　City headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal diseases (emergency headquarters, a major animal disease) hired experts to form a highly pathogenic avian influenza expert advisory group.

　　Main responsibilities:

　　(1) to put forward suggestions on technical measures to deal with the corresponding level of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic;

　　(2) Make suggestions on emergency preparedness for highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic;

　　(3) to participate in the formulation or revision of emergency plans and disposal technical schemes for highly pathogenic avian influenza;

　　(4) to provide technical guidance and training for emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic;

　　(5) Put forward suggestions on termination and post-evaluation of emergency response to highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic;

　　(6) To undertake other tasks assigned by the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) and the Office.

　　2.4 Emergency handling institutions

　　2.4.1 Field headquarters

　　The on-site headquarters is responsible for organizing the implementation of the decision of the Municipal Emergency Committee and the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters), and coordinating and mobilizing the member units of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) to jointly carry out the emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic.

　　2.4.2 Reserve Team for Emergency Treatment of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

　　Key personnel in animal husbandry and veterinary administration, animal epidemic prevention supervision, health and epidemic prevention, public security and other aspects are drawn from relevant departments and units of the city and county to form an emergency response reserve team, and epidemic situation handling, public security blockade, emergency immunization and health and epidemic prevention teams are set up separately, and each team is composed of corresponding professionals. Its main duties are to blockade the epidemic areas, cull susceptible poultry in the epidemic areas, strictly disinfect the epidemic areas and do a good job in personnel protection according to the requirements of emergency command agencies for major animal epidemics at all levels and the specific scope of designated epidemic areas and threatened areas.

　　2.5 Responsibilities of District and County Governments

　　The district and county governments shall take overall responsibility for the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza within their respective jurisdictions. According to the contents of this plan, formulate the planning, monitoring plan and emergency plan for the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in this area; Establish an emergency command system and daily offices for major animal epidemics in districts and counties, uniformly lead and direct the emergency handling of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic within their respective administrative areas, make decisions on handling highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic within their respective administrative areas, and decide on measures to be taken.

　　3 Early warning and reporting

　　3.1 Early warning level

　　According to the possible harm degree, development and urgency of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, it is divided into four warning levels from low to high: general (level IV), severe (level III), severe (level II) and particularly severe (level I), which are indicated by blue, yellow, orange and red in turn.

　　Blue Warning: Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza with neighboring countries or other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (except Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Liaoning Province, Shandong Province, Henan Province, Shanxi Province, Hebei Province and Tianjin City).

　　Yellow warning: The outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Liaoning Province, Shandong Province, Henan Province and Shanxi Province has a tendency to spread to this city.

　　Orange warning: Highly pathogenic avian influenza has broken out in Hebei Province and Tianjin, and it has a tendency to spread to this city.

　　Red warning: A suspected case of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred in this city, or a suspected case of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza appeared.

　　3.2 Early warning release

　　3.2.1 According to the monitoring information provided by the supervising agency for animal epidemic prevention and the epidemic dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza at home and abroad, the office of the municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal epidemics (emergency headquarters) analyzes the harm degree and development trend according to the occurrence, development law and characteristics of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, puts forward corresponding early warning suggestions, and releases them after being approved by the municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal epidemics (emergency headquarters) and the municipal emergency committee.

　　3.2.2 After confirming the early warning information that may cause highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, the Municipal Command for Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) shall deploy in time according to the formulated plan, and promptly notify all relevant departments and units to take action to prevent the occurrence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic.

　　3.2.3 In accordance with the relevant provisions on the release and confidentiality of the epidemic situation, early warning of highly pathogenic avian influenza with different levels shall be released and cancelled. General and heavier level of early warning, by the municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal diseases (emergency headquarters) organization issued and announced the cancellation. Serious and especially serious warning information needs to be reported to the main leaders of the city for approval, and the office of the Municipal Emergency Committee is responsible for organizing the release and announcement of cancellation.

　　3.3 Early warning response

　　3.3.1 Blue Early Warning Response

　　Pay close attention to the development trend of epidemic situation in neighboring countries or relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Strengthen the reserve of epidemic prevention materials such as vaccines and disinfectants. Strengthen the monitoring of immune effect. Strengthen the observation and monitoring of transit migratory birds. It is forbidden to import birds and their products from countries and regions in epidemic areas announced by the Ministry of Agriculture and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, and strengthen the quarantine of imported birds and their products in non-epidemic areas. After the epidemic situation in neighboring countries or relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities is controlled, the blue warning will be cancelled.

　　3.3.2 Yellow Early Warning Response

　　On the basis of implementing the blue warning response measures, all poultry farms (households) should adopt closed feeding methods to strictly control the flow of people and logistics. Expand the monitoring scope of poultry immune effect, and timely supplement the poultry farms (households) with low immune titer. Thoroughly disinfect the internal and external environment of poultry farms (households). In addition to the live birds from the breeding bases outside Beijing designated by this Municipality entering Beijing according to the relevant procedures, other live birds from other places will be stopped from entering Beijing. Suspend the city’s live poultry trading activities, suspend the release of pigeons and temporarily close the bird trading market. Strictly inspect and quarantine poultry and products entering Beijing through roads, railways, civil aviation and other channels according to law. Combine neighboring provinces and cities to carry out compulsory immunization of poultry within 5 kilometers from both sides of the administrative boundary of this Municipality, and establish a "firewall" for the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in this Municipality; Carry out dragnet inspection, strengthen the monitoring of the immune effect of poultry within 5 kilometers from both sides of the administrative boundary of this Municipality, and make up for the exemption in time when problems are found. All members of the emergency command organization for major animal diseases strengthen information communication and jointly strengthen various prevention and control measures. After the epidemic situation in relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities is effectively controlled, the yellow warning will be cancelled.

　　3.3.3 Orange Early Warning Response

　　On the basis of implementing the yellow early warning response measures, stop foreign poultry and their products from entering Beijing. When necessary, purchase poultry within 3 kilometers of the border between this city and the epidemic area. Strengthen joint prevention and control with Hebei Province and Tianjin City, and establish an information notification mechanism to ensure timely and effective communication of information. After the epidemic situation in Hebei Province and Tianjin City was effectively controlled, the orange warning was cancelled.

　　3.3.4 Red Warning Response

　　On the basis of implementing the orange early warning and response measures, the relevant departments closed the area where suspected cases occurred, and implemented measures such as culling and compulsory immunization for poultry in this area and surrounding areas. Isolate people suspected of being infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza and their close contacts. The Municipal Agriculture Bureau and the Municipal Health Bureau strengthen information communication and jointly strengthen various prevention and control measures. If suspected cases are excluded, cancel the red warning; If the epidemic situation is confirmed, enter the emergency response procedure.

　　3.4 epidemic situation report

　　Any unit or individual has the right to report the epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza and its hidden dangers to governments at all levels and relevant departments, and to report the departments, units and individuals that fail to perform or fail to perform the duties of emergency handling of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic in accordance with regulations to higher government departments.

　　3.4.1 Responsibility Reporting Unit and Responsibility Reporting Person

　　(1) Responsibility reporting unit

　　a。 Units related to poultry breeding and management, production and management of poultry products, various animal clinics and other related units;

　　b。 Relevant scientific research units and institutions;

　　c。 Supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention under local governments at or above the county level;

　　d。 Other relevant departments and units.

　　(2) Responsible reporter

　　Personnel who raise and manage poultry and produce and manage poultry products; Staff of various animal clinics; Relevant staff of scientific research units and colleges; Personnel of supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention at all levels performing their duties; Other relevant personnel.

　　3.4.2 Report Form

　　The supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention at all levels shall report the epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza according to the relevant provisions of the state; Other responsible reporting units and individuals report by telephone or in writing.

　　3.4.3 Time limit and procedures for reporting

　　When a suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation is found, it must be reported to the district and county supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention immediately. After receiving the report, the county supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention shall immediately rush to the scene for clinical diagnosis. If necessary, please ask the municipal supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention to send people to assist in the diagnosis. After it is identified as a suspicious epidemic situation, it shall report the epidemic situation to the municipal supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention step by step within 2 hours, and also report it to the county emergency headquarters for major animal epidemics. The municipal supervising agency for animal epidemic prevention shall, within 1 hour after receiving the report, report to the office of the municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal diseases (emergency headquarters) and the municipal veterinary administrative department. The office of the municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal diseases (emergency headquarters) and the municipal veterinary administrative department shall report to the municipal government (Municipal Emergency Committee) and the Ministry of Agriculture respectively within 1 hour after receiving the report.

　　If it is identified as a suspicious epidemic situation, it shall immediately collect sick materials and send them to the laboratory of the Municipal Veterinary Laboratory for preliminary diagnosis; Confirmed as a suspected case of highly pathogenic avian influenza, sent to the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory for diagnosis.

　　3.4.4 Report content

　　(1) the time and place of the epidemic;

　　(2) species and quantity of infected or suspected infected animals, number of animals in the same group, immunity, number of deaths, clinical symptoms, pathological changes and diagnosis;

　　(3) Epidemiology and focus tracking;

　　(4) Control measures taken;

　　(5) the unit, person in charge, reporter and contact information of the epidemic situation report.

　　4 emergency response

　　4.1 the principle of emergency response

　　When a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic occurs, the municipal, district, county and township governments and their relevant departments make emergency response according to the principle of graded response. At the same time, it is necessary to follow the objective law of the occurrence and development of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, and adjust the response level in time in combination with the actual situation and the needs of prevention and control work. Pay attention to the analysis of the development trend of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation, and upgrade the response level in time for the epidemic situation with expanding situation and influence; For the epidemic with limited scope and no further spread, the response level should be reduced accordingly. The emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic should adopt the methods of investigation, treatment and verification to effectively control the development of the epidemic.

　　Districts and counties where highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic has not occurred should organize personnel, materials and other emergency preparations, take necessary preventive and control measures to prevent highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic from occurring within their respective administrative areas, obey the unified command of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters), and support the emergency treatment at the place where highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic has occurred.

　　4.2 Graded response

　　4.2.1 Emergency response to particularly serious and highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic (Grade I)

　　By the office of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters), suggestions are made to the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) and the Office of the Municipal Emergency Committee, and the emergency plan is launched after being approved by the main leaders of the municipal party committee and the municipal government. The mayor is responsible for emergency command; The deputy mayor in charge should rush to the scene, and set up an on-site headquarters composed of the municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal diseases (emergency headquarters) and the local district and county governments. The mayor is the commander in chief, responsible for participating in the formulation of plans, guiding, coordinating and urging relevant departments to carry out their work; The commander-in-chief of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) and the relevant leaders of the local districts and counties shall be the executive commander-in-chief, responsible for the specific command and disposal of the epidemic.

　　When a particularly serious and highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic occurs, the municipal government or district/county government shall issue a blockade decision according to law. The public security department and the armed police force blocked the epidemic areas and set up temporary checkpoints. The city stopped all poultry and its products from entering and leaving Beijing and closed all live poultry trading markets. If someone is infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza, the health department should treat the infected person in isolation and observe the people in contact with him in isolation. By the epidemic emergency response reserve team, poultry within a radius of 3 kilometers with the epidemic as the center will be culled, and poultry products will be treated harmlessly; The supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention shall organize the implementation of compulsory immunization for poultry within 5 kilometers outside the epidemic area; Strictly disinfect the internal and external environment of all poultry farms (households) and strictly control the flow of people and logistics.

　　4.2.2 Emergency Response to Major Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Epidemic (Level II)

　　The municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal diseases (emergency headquarters) is responsible for starting the emergency plan. The deputy mayor in charge is responsible for emergency command, and the deputy secretary-general in charge assists the deputy mayor in his work. The director and deputy director of the Municipal Bureau of Agriculture should rush to the scene and set up an on-site headquarters composed of the municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal diseases (emergency headquarters) and the district and county governments. The deputy mayor in charge is the chief commander, responsible for participating in the formulation of the plan and coordinating the work of relevant departments; The director of the Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, the deputy director in charge and the relevant responsible comrades of the districts and counties shall be the executive chief commander, responsible for the specific command and disposal of the incident.

　　When a major highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic occurs, the municipal government or district/county government shall issue a blockade decision according to law. The public security department and the armed police force blocked the epidemic areas and set up temporary checkpoints. The poultry within a radius of 3 kilometers centered on the epidemic spot shall be culled by the emergency response reserve team; Birds within 5 kilometers outside the epidemic area shall be given compulsory immunization by the supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention; Strictly disinfect the internal and external environment of all poultry farms (households) and strictly control the flow of people and logistics.

　　4.2.3 Emergency response to a large and highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic (Grade III)

　　The office of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) is responsible for starting the emergency plan and taking full command. When necessary, the person in charge of the office of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau or the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) was present to participate in the formulation of the plan and coordinate the work of relevant departments.

　　When a large highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic occurs, the local district and county governments shall issue a blockade decision according to law. The public security department and the armed police force blocked the epidemic areas and set up temporary checkpoints. The poultry within a radius of 3 kilometers centered on the epidemic spot shall be culled by the emergency response reserve team; Poultry within 5 km outside the epidemic area shall be given compulsory immunization by the supervising agency for animal epidemic prevention. Strictly disinfect the internal and external environment of all poultry farms (households) and strictly control the flow of people and logistics.

　　4.2.4 Emergency Response of General Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Epidemic (Grade IV)

　　The emergency headquarters of major animal diseases in the epidemic areas and counties shall be responsible for starting the emergency plan and handling it with full authority. When necessary, the office of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) sent technicians to the site to give guidance and support.

　　When a general highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic occurs, the local district and county governments shall issue a blockade decision according to law. The public security department and the armed police force blocked the epidemic areas and set up temporary checkpoints. The poultry within a radius of 3 kilometers centered on the epidemic spot shall be culled by the emergency response reserve team; Birds within 5 kilometers outside the epidemic area shall be given compulsory immunization by the supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention; Strictly disinfect the internal and external environment of all poultry farms (households) and strictly control the flow of people and logistics.

　　4.3 Basic emergency

　　Under the unified leadership and command of governments at all levels and close cooperation with relevant departments, emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation will be carried out.

　　(1) according to the needs of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, mobilize all kinds of personnel, materials, transportation and related facilities and equipment to carry out emergency treatment.

　　(2) Issue a blockade order to blockade the epidemic areas. If the blockade of epidemic areas exceeds the area under its jurisdiction, and the blockade of epidemic areas leads to the interruption of trunk traffic, it shall be reported to the government at the next higher level for approval and release the blockade decision according to regulations.

　　(3) Organize supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention to investigate and deal with the epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza; Delineate epidemic spots, epidemic areas and threatened areas, and propose and implement targeted prevention and control measures; According to the provisions of the collection of disease materials, sent to the city veterinary laboratory for testing, such as confirmed as suspected cases, sent to the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory for diagnosis.

　　(4) Organize emergency preparedness teams to temporarily requisition houses, places and vehicles, take emergency measures such as culling infected animals and related animals, sealing public drinking water sources contaminated by highly pathogenic avian influenza pathogens, and organize emergency immunization as needed.

　　(5) Take measures to restrict or stop the trade of poultry and poultry products according to the epidemic level.

　　(6) Organize public security, transportation and other departments to set up temporary animal epidemic prevention supervision and inspection stations at traffic stations according to law to inspect and disinfect vehicles.

　　(7) Organize township governments, sub-district offices, neighborhood committees and village committees to carry out mass prevention and control.

　　(8) Organize relevant departments to ensure the supply of commodities, stabilize prices, severely crack down on illegal and criminal activities such as spreading rumors and spreading rumors, making and selling fake goods and disturbing social order, and maintain social stability.

　　(9) Responsible for the supervision and inspection of emergency handling.

　　(10) In accordance with the provisions of the state, timely carry out training on relevant technical standards and norms.

　　(11) to carry out targeted publicity and education on epidemic prevention knowledge of highly pathogenic avian influenza, and improve people’s awareness of prevention and control and self-protection ability.

　　(12) Organize experts to comprehensively evaluate the handling of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation, including the epidemic situation, on-site investigation, tracking of epidemic sources, and measures such as poultry culling, harmless treatment, disinfection and emergency immunization.

　　(13) do a good job in information collection, reporting and analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic.

　　4.4 Expand emergency response

　　(1) When an epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza involving foreign countries occurs, the Foreign Affairs Office of the municipal government, the Municipal Publicity Office and other relevant departments should send people to participate in the work of the on-site headquarters according to the needs of emergency handling and the division of responsibilities, and be responsible for undertaking related matters.

　　(2) With the existing emergency resources and manpower in this city, it is difficult to implement effective disposal, and it is necessary for the state or other provinces and cities to provide assistance and support. The Municipal Emergency Committee should immediately report the situation to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, request the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to directly direct or authorize Beijing to direct, coordinate and mobilize the emergency resources of the central state units in Beijing, the Beijing Military Region, the Beijing Armed Police Corps and other aspects to participate in the handling of the epidemic.

　　4.5 Emergency response in areas without epidemic situation

　　According to the epidemic nature, characteristics, occurrence area and development trend of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic area, analyze the possibility and degree of being affected in this area, and focus on the following work:

　　(1) Keep close contact with the epidemic area and obtain relevant information in time.

　　(2) Organize the preparation of personnel and materials needed for emergency treatment in this administrative area.

　　(3) to carry out monitoring and prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in breeding, transportation, slaughter and circulation to prevent the introduction, occurrence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza.

　　(4) to carry out epidemic prevention knowledge propaganda of highly pathogenic avian influenza, and improve public protection ability and awareness.

　　(5) do a good job in quarantine supervision of highway, railway, aviation and water transportation according to regulations.

　　4.6 Safety Protection of Emergency Handling Personnel

　　It is necessary to ensure the safety of personnel involved in the emergency response to the epidemic. Emergency personnel should take special protective measures, such as wearing protective clothing, inoculating corresponding vaccines, and conducting serological tests regularly.

　　4.7 Termination of emergency response

　　The termination of the emergency response of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation must meet the following conditions: after all poultry and their products in the epidemic area are treated according to regulations, there are no new cases of the epidemic in at least one longest incubation period.

　　Especially serious and highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation shall be evaluated by relevant experts organized by the municipal animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department, and suggestions for terminating emergency response shall be put forward, submitted to the municipal government for approval, and reported to the Ministry of Agriculture.

　　The larger and generally highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation shall be evaluated by the county animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department to organize relevant experts to control the epidemic situation, put forward suggestions to terminate the emergency response, report to the county government for approval, and report to the municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal epidemics (emergency headquarters) and the municipal emergency committee office.

　　5 after-treatment

　　5.1 Late evaluation

　　After the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic is extinguished, the emergency command institutions of major animal diseases at all levels shall organize relevant personnel to evaluate the handling of the epidemic. The contents of the assessment should include: the basic situation of the epidemic, the process of the epidemic, the results of field investigation and laboratory testing; Analysis and conclusion of the main causes of the epidemic; The process of handling the epidemic situation, the preventive measures taken and their effects; The problems and difficulties in the emergency process, as well as the reasons for the outbreak of this epidemic, the problems and difficulties in prevention and control work, etc., put forward improvement suggestions and countermeasures.

　　The assessment report shall be submitted to the government at the corresponding level (emergency committee) within 20 days, and a copy shall be sent to the emergency command organization of major animal diseases at the next higher level.

　　5.2 Reward

　　The municipal or district/county government shall commend the advanced collectives and individuals who have contributed to the emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic; Those who died heroically in the emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation shall be regarded as martyrs according to relevant regulations.

　　5.3 Responsibility

　　In the process of prevention, reporting, investigation, control and treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, there are dereliction of duty, dereliction of duty and other violations of law and discipline, and the responsibility of the parties concerned shall be investigated according to relevant laws and regulations.

　　5.4 Disaster compensation

　　In accordance with the relevant provisions of this Municipality on the management of special funds for compulsory animal culling compensation, the amount and grade standards shall be determined, and compensation shall be made according to the procedures. The object of compensation is the units and individuals whose poultry or property have suffered losses in order to put out the epidemic or prevent its spread.

　　5.5 Pensions and subsidies

　　Governments at all levels should organize relevant departments to give corresponding subsidies and pensions to those who are sick, disabled or killed due to their participation in emergency response work in accordance with relevant state regulations.

　　5.6 Resume production

　　After the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic is extinguished, restrictive measures such as blockade restrictions and circulation control will be cancelled. According to the characteristics of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic situation, the epidemic spots and epidemic areas should be continuously monitored, and animals can be reintroduced to resume poultry production if they meet the requirements.

　　5.7 Social assistance

　　After the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, the competent civil affairs departments at all levels should do a good job in the reception, distribution and use of relief materials and funds provided by all sectors of society to the epidemic areas in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Welfare Donation Law, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Disaster Relief Donation and relevant state policies.

　　6. Guarantee of emergency response to epidemic situation

　　After the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, governments at all levels should actively coordinate with veterinary, health, finance, transportation, public security, industry and commerce, urban management, quality and technical supervision, forestry and other departments to do a good job in emergency support for epidemic handling.

　　6.1 Technical Support of Command System

　　6.1.1 The Office of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) shall improve the technical support system for emergency command to meet the command requirements for handling the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic. It mainly includes: wired communication system, wireless command and dispatch system, information reporting system, basic geographic information system, analysis and decision support system, video conference system, mobile command system, etc.

　　6.1.2 The Office of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) and all districts and counties shall gradually establish and improve the basic information database of emergency command. The basic information database of emergency command includes epidemic monitoring and early warning database, emergency plan database based on spatial location, emergency decision-making consulting expert database, and auxiliary decision-making knowledge database, etc. It should be maintained and updated in time to ensure the quality of data and provide support for emergency command, analysis and decision-making of highly pathogenic avian influenza.

　　6.2 Communication Guarantee

　　Under the leadership of the Municipal Emergency Committee Office and the cooperation of the Municipal Information Office and the Municipal Communications Administration, a four-level network transmission system covering cities, districts, counties, streets (towns) and communities (villages) will be formed through various telecom operators in this city, Beijing wired government private network and wireless government private network, and a stable and reliable emergency communication system with multi-routing, wire and wireless will be established. When the communication trunk line is interrupted or the existing network is blind, the communication means such as satellite and microwave are used to ensure the contact between the office of the Municipal Emergency Committee and the municipal headquarters for the prevention and control of major animal diseases (emergency headquarters) and the on-site headquarters.

　　6.3 Emergency resources and equipment support

　　6.3.1 The emergency team ensures that the municipal, district and county governments should establish a reserve team for emergency treatment of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, and specifically implement culling, disinfection and harmless treatment. The reserve team consists of personnel from veterinary, health, public security, industry and commerce, armed police, military and other departments, and is relatively fixed.

　　6.3.2 Transportation Guarantee The transportation department should give priority to the dispatch of emergency epidemic prevention materials.

　　6.3.3 The health department of medical and health security is responsible for carrying out human monitoring of highly pathogenic avian influenza and doing a good job in prevention and security. Veterinary administrative departments and health departments at all levels should inform each other of the epidemic situation in a timely manner and work together.

　　6.3.4 Public security departments and armed police forces should assist in the blockade and forced culling of epidemic areas, and do a good job in the security and social security management of epidemic areas.

　　6.3.5 Material Guarantee Governments at all levels shall, according to the principle of graded storage, establish emergency epidemic prevention material storage, and store enough medicines, vaccines, diagnostic reagents, instruments, protective equipment, transportation and communication tools.

　　Reserve materials should be planned reasonably according to the poultry breeding quantity and disease control. Mainly includes: (1) highly pathogenic avian influenza inactivated vaccine; (2) diagnostic reagents; (3) Disinfecting drugs, including stable chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid, chlorine disinfectant, caustic soda, potassium permanganate, etc. (4) disinfection equipment, including high-pressure sterilizers, portable disinfection machines and tools, disinfection containers, etc.; (5) Protective articles, including breathable jumpsuits, latex gloves, ordinary white coats, hats, masks, waterproof shoes, safety goggles, etc. (6) Means of transport, including closed transport vehicles, trucks and special vehicles for on-site diagnosis and disinfection; (7) Sealing appliances, including high-strength environmentally-friendly sealed plastic bags and plastic sheets; (8) Communication tools, including car phones and walkie-talkies; (9) Other articles, including towels, flashlights and disposable 2ml syringes.

　　6.3.6 Funding guarantee

　　The financial departments of the municipal, district and county governments should arrange emergency funds for sudden major animal diseases in the general expenditure budget, use government reserve funds when necessary, and gradually increase the proportion of funds extraction according to the needs of urban public safety management.

　　After the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, first, adjust the internal structure of departmental budget according to the actual situation, cut departmental expenditure budget, and concentrate financial resources to deal with the epidemic; Second, with the approval of the government, the emergency special reserve fund was launched. In accordance with the principle of "emergency handling", simplify the work link, and complete the relevant procedures within 1 working day for the funding approved by the municipal government to ensure the smooth progress of the emergency handling of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic.

　　The funds required for immunization, emergency epidemic prevention materials reserve and epidemic monitoring every year shall be guaranteed by the governments at all levels, and the specific subsidy standards and management measures shall be jointly formulated by the agricultural department and the financial department. In the event of a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, there is a gap between the actual capital demand and the budget arrangement, and the financial departments at all levels should add it to ensure the expenditure needs.

　　The financial departments at all levels should strengthen the management and supervision of the use of epidemic prevention funds while ensuring that the epidemic prevention funds are in place in time and in full.

　　6.4 Technical Reserve and Guarantee

　　Establish an expert Committee on highly pathogenic avian influenza. The expert committee is composed of technical officials, animal disease prevention experts, epidemiologists, health and epidemic prevention experts, wildlife experts, animal welfare experts, economic experts, risk assessment experts, legal experts, etc. It is responsible for consulting the strategies and methods of disease prevention and control, and participating in the planning, formulation and implementation of prevention and control technical schemes.

　　7 Training, exercises and publicity and education

　　7.1 Training Governments at all levels should organize systematic training for members of the reserve team for handling highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic. The contents include: (1) knowledge of prevention, control and eradication of highly pathogenic avian influenza, including knowledge and skills of immunization, epidemiological investigation, diagnosis, collection and inspection of sick materials, disinfection, isolation, blockade, quarantine, culling and harmless treatment; (2) animal epidemic prevention laws and regulations; (3) Personal protection knowledge; (4) Common sense of public security and environmental protection; (5) Work coordination and cooperation with relevant requirements.

　　7.2 Exercise When there is no highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, the emergency headquarters of major animal diseases at the city, district and county levels should organize drills in a planned way every year to ensure the emergency response capability of the emergency response reserve team.

　　7.3 Publicity and Education Governments at all levels should organize relevant departments to widely spread the emergency knowledge of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic to the public through radio, film and television, newspapers, manuals and other forms, publicize the popular science knowledge of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic prevention, and guide the masses to treat the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic in a scientific way. It is necessary to give full play to the role of relevant social groups in popularizing animal epidemic prevention knowledge and popular science knowledge.

　　8 supplementary provisions

　　8.1 Definitions and descriptions of noun terms and abbreviations

　　Epidemic spot: the place where sick poultry are located. Generally refers to the poultry farm (household) where sick poultry are located or other relevant slaughter and business units.

　　Epidemic area: refers to the area with the epidemic spot as the center and within a radius of 3 kilometers. When dividing epidemic areas, we should pay attention to the local breeding environment, natural barriers (such as rivers and mountains) and traffic and other factors.

　　Threatened area: refers to the area within 5 kilometers outside the epidemic area.

　　In the expression of relevant quantities in this plan, "above" includes the number, and "below" does not include the number.

　　8.2 Plan Management and Update

　　This plan is formulated by the office of the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters), organized by the office of the Municipal Emergency Committee, reported to the Municipal Emergency Committee for the record, and approved, issued and implemented by the municipal government. The plan should be reviewed regularly, and revised in time according to the situation changes of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic and the problems found in the implementation. The emergency plan for highly pathogenic avian influenza formulated by all districts and counties and their relevant departments shall be reported to the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters) for the record.

　　8.3 Plan Interpretation Department

　　This plan shall be interpreted by the Municipal Command for the Prevention and Control of Major Animal Diseases (emergency headquarters).

　　8.4 implementation time of the plan

　　This plan shall be implemented as of the date of issuance, and the Notice of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture on Printing and Distributing the Emergency Plan for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Beijing (Jing Nong Zi [2004] No.2) shall be abolished at the same time.

Hot hitIn the worldIt is worthy of being a drama of Wang Fried released by CCTV during the Spring Festival. Even with the strong impact of the Winter Olympics, it can be at the climax of the plot developmentGet a good rating of 2.

With the growth of the characters, the timeline of this drama came to the 1980s. Although it lacked a lot of helplessness in the social background of the last decade, the material world was extremely rich.It has prompted people’s desire for other things, which has led to more dramatic conflicts.

The key word in the 1980s was "reform". Since it is reform, it means change. The most popular and sought-after iron rice bowl no longer exists, and all the adults are clearly married, but they have to face the distress of being laid off. Faced with such a situation,Zhou Bingkun’s personality characteristics can be particularly highlighted.It is worth talking about, because no matter from all aspects of performance, family, friendship and love, he can be called a model of a good man.

Can call him a good man,The first aspect is filial piety to parents.

My father, as an eighth-class mechanic, has been out all the year round building railways in China, leaving only their mother and son to guard the home. This little son of Zhou, who was not watched by his father, had to wait until his father came home and nodded in person to get married when his father didn’t know his relationship with "widow" Zheng Juan. For a father who has not seen each other for a long time,He gave great respect.

Filial piety is certainly not enough for a father who is away from home all the year round. His filial piety,Especially in his attitude towards his mother.. Zhou Jiaming has three children. He doesn’t behave like a spoiled little son, unlike the settings in other traditional novels. He is a "little son" who always talks sweet words. Instead, he’s like a big brother,All I care about is to let my mother live a good life.Hearing the teacher’s discussion on raising the mouth and mind, he told his mother firmly and calmly that he must do both things for her.

When the audience saw that her mother was so excited that she collapsed after a cerebral hemorrhage that she obviously became a vegetable, he didn’t give up, just tried to find someone to take care of her all over the world first. By the way,Even in today’s extremely developed modern medical conditions.And which children can wait for a full two years in a vegetative mother who is paralyzed in bed and motionless?

The second aspect is love, that is, devotion to his wife Zheng Juan.

How frustrating Zheng Juan’s past is.That is, how unacceptable it is to people around you, especially in an era like that at that time. To tell the truth, what happened to her was not at that time,Even today, it is difficult for most people to accept it.. First, I met a fraudulent marriage. In the process, I was raped by his good friend and broke a rib. Immediately after the rape, I lost my fruit. After having that person’s child, in the end, she has not yet obtained the certificate. Unmarried girls run with the ball. To put it bluntly, the appearance of Zhou Bingkun will be ridiculed by many people as "the catcher".

However, once Zhou Bingkun is identified, it will not be easily changed. He knows that Zheng Juan is a good girl, and what she has suffered is nothing but a disaster brought by fate.Regardless of Zheng Juan’s past.Treat her children as their own;Look at their present with a normal heartEven if Zheng Juan doesn’t know a few big words, he accepted them all in the past and now.Zheng Juan’s future has the greatest reliance.

What is particularly rare for female audiences is that Zhou Bingkun does what he says.Said to buy a car for Zheng Juan.Although it was a bicycle, it was also the most fashionable permanent brand 28 bicycle at that time.

Coupled with the good acting skills of Lei Jiayin and Yin Tao, they abruptly turned the drama of the Age into a film of pure desire.

The third aspect shows friendship. No matter when, where and where he is, he never forgets his friends’ old feelings.

At that time, the six gentlemen of the "Northeast Guangzi Film",For various reasons, the two people are separated from this group of former friends.. The remaining three people, who were frustrated in middle age, heard that Zhou Bingkun was about to become a full member, and they felt that Zhou Bingkun’s life would be farther and farther away from them. My heart is weak and weary through illness, and what I say is not pleasant to hear. When a person is at the lowest point, it is very likely that his inner dark side will be exposed.

At this time, a Chinese New Year dinner was arranged, and the three brothers just talked about it. Of course, they can’t be in front of Zhou Bingkun, so Zhou Bingkun doesn’t know how his friends view his increasingly smooth life. Just, coincidentally, when Zhou Bingkun walked in the door,But I heard them arguing over some trivial matters at home.. Zhou Bingkun didn’t pretend to brag and draw a pie at that time, but afterwards, he was sure that things could be done.Without saying anything, I helped two friends solve their family difficulties directly.. There is no so-called insincerity,Prove yourself directly with actions.Helping a friend solve the worst problem in front of him is a true friend.

At present, the development of the plot makes Zhou Bingkun’s personnel design perfect, and the audience who follow the drama only hope that he will not suddenly fall off the chain at the back.

Wen | Hong Kong Stock Research Society

On November 23rd, Netease Cloud Music announced the launch of the initial public offering in Hong Kong. The co-sponsors of the listing are Bank of America Securities, CICC and Credit Suisse.

According to the announcement, Netease Cloud Music will publicly issue 16 million common shares worldwide, with the offering price range of HK$ 19-220 per share, and plans to raise HK$ 3.04-3.52 billion (about RMB 2.49-2.89 billion), with an over-allotment right of no more than 15%. It is estimated that the valuation of Netease Cloud Music will be between 39.47 billion and 45.71 billion Hong Kong dollars (about 32.37 billion to 37.48 billion yuan) after listing.

According to the prospectus, Netease Cloud Music introduced Netease, Sony Music Entertainment and Orbis Investment Management Co., Ltd. as cornerstone investors, with a total subscription of 350 million US dollars (about 2.73 billion Hong Kong dollars). According to the plan, Netease Cloud Music will be officially listed on December 2nd with the code "9899.HK".

What is the valuation level of Netease Cloud Music with a stock price of HK$ 190-220?

According to the calculation of the prospectus, assuming that the over-allotment option has not been exercised, the shares raised by Netease Cloud Music in public account for 7.7% of the total issued shares. Based on the calculation of HK$ 19-220 per share, its valuation is between US$ 5.065 billion and US$ 5.87 billion when converted by exchange rate.

Netease Cloud Music reached 184 million monthly users in the first three quarters; The number of online music paying users was 27.52 million, an increase of over 93% year-on-year; The online music payment rate reached 14.9%.

In December 2018, Tencent Music landed on the New York Stock Exchange with a valuation of US$ 21.3 billion. The current market value is about US$ 12.9 billion, and the valuation of Netease Cloud Music is about 40% of Tencent Music. Judging from the number of users and financial situation; The cumulative MAU of Netease cloud music online music service and social entertainment is a quarter to a fifth of TME; And compared with TME, the revenue is about one fifth. However, compared with the market value of TME, the current valuation of Netease Cloud Music is obviously higher than its equivalent value. It shows that the capital market recognizes and values its content community.

This optimism should mainly come from Netease Cloud Music’s unique community route, original music advantages and highly sticky young users; It is optimistic about its long-term development. Recently, Xiaohongshu completed a new round of $500 million financing, with a market value of $20 billion after the investment. Community concept stocks are still promising investment targets in the capital market.

As far as community products are concerned, compared with the market value of bilibili and other content communities, the valuation of Netease Cloud Music is still in the low range. Bilibili’s monthly income in the third quarter of this year was 267 million, and its market value exceeded HK$ 200 billion. In contrast, Netease Cloud Music had a monthly income of 184 million in the first three quarters, and the highest valuation was only HK$ 45.7 billion, which was obviously underestimated.

Recently, Zhihu released its third quarter financial report, with an average monthly active users of 101.2 million and an average monthly paid members of 5.5 million. At present, the market value of Zhihu is about $4.6 billion. Netease Cloud Music’s monthly activity is about 1.8 times that of Zhihu in the same period, but its valuation is similar, which shows that its community valuation has not been fully reflected.

Due to the recent correction of China Stock Exchange, Internet community enterprises are at a low market value. When bilibili was first listed in the US in 2018, its market value was only $3.2 billion, and its share price really broke through more than two years after listing. In the long run, the valuation of Netease Cloud Music is seriously underestimated, and there is still much room for growth in the future.

Is the "first share of the music community" valuable after the copyright is not independent?

According to the prospectus, Netease Cloud Music’s revenue from 2018 to 2020 was 1.1 billion yuan, 2.3 billion yuan and 4.9 billion yuan respectively. In the first three quarters of 2021, the total revenue was 5.1 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 52%; Among them, online music revenue increased from 1.85 billion yuan in the same period of 2020 to 2.44 billion yuan, social entertainment and other sectors revenue increased from 1.52 billion yuan in the same period of last year to 2.67 billion yuan, online music service revenue accounted for 47.7%, social entertainment services and other income accounted for 52.3%.

From the cost side, the proportion of Netease Cloud Music content service cost to revenue has gradually decreased, and the gross loss has continued to narrow. At present, the gross profit margin has turned positive. In terms of revenue growth rate, Netease Cloud Music also far exceeds the overall level of the industry, reaching over 100% in 2019 and 2020, and still reaching 60.0% in the first half of 2021, about twice the growth rate of the industry. In the first half of 2021, the adjusted net loss of Netease Cloud Music narrowed to 500 million yuan year-on-year, and the gross profit margin increased significantly and turned positive to 0.4%.

It is worth noting that at present, most of Netease Cloud Music’s losses are caused by changes in the fair value of convertible redeemable preferred shares. After listing, this part of the loss will disappear with the completion of the share conversion (the latest one will expire on October 23, 2023) and will not lead to the outflow of cash flow.

In July this year, the exclusive copyright of music was banned. For the online music market, this means that the industry has returned to a level playing field. Affected by this, Netease Cloud Music has recently reached copyright cooperation with Modern Sky, Hong Kong Emperor Entertainment and China Record Group. Many famous artists, bands and musicians, such as Nicholas Tse, Joey Yung, Twins, New Pants, Tong Yang and Wu Tiao, have returned. According to the analysis of Western Securities, under the premise of gradually eliminating copyright monopoly in the music industry, the core competition of online music platform will focus more on ecological construction and user operation experience, and Netease Cloud Music has advantages in these aspects.

Hong Kong stock policy is favorable and frequent attention is paid to high-growth technology Internet enterprises.

This year, the global capital market continued to fluctuate, and many Internet companies decided to suspend the IPO process. Recently, however, with the stabilization of the market, the HKEx has also released a number of positive signals, including optimizing and broadening the secondary listing mechanism, and including technology Internet stocks such as Netease, JD.COM and Xinao Energy in the Hang Seng Index, so as to attract more enterprises to come to Hong Kong and return to Hong Kong for listing. Netease Cloud Music, as the first Internet company to officially launch IPO, also shows the strong endogenous motivation and development potential of the music community.

Compared with bilibili’s market value of more than 20 billion US dollars, and Xiaohongshu’s valuation of 20 billion US dollars; If Netease Cloud Music operates properly and the fundamentals continue to improve, there should be more room for growth.

After the reform of the listing system of the Stock Exchange in April 2018, attracting more relevant funds and enterprises to IPO in Hong Kong became the focus of work, and more and more Chinese stocks "returned" to Hong Kong for secondary listing. The relevant planning of the Stock Exchange shows that it will continue to develop Hong Kong into a large global and regional enterprise for major listing or secondary listing; andraise fundsTo attract global investors interested in investing in companies in the Asia-Pacific region and mainland investors seeking international investment opportunities.

Recently, Weibo also passed the hearing of Hong Kong stocks. Netease Cloud Music officially launched the IPO, and the recovery of Internet stocks in the Hong Kong stock market may have gradually occurred.

　　Safe disposal of medical waste is an important measure to cut off the route of virus transmission and prevent secondary pollution. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the wastes produced by designated medical institutions in Hubei Province have been classified, collected and treated harmlessly in strict accordance with the standards, and the whole process of disposal has been regularly supervised and enforced, keeping the last pass of epidemic prevention.

　　"Combination boxing" improves disposal ability

　　In order to ensure the timely, orderly, efficient and harmless disposal of medical wastes, according to the requirements of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Hubei has achieved "one special class, one capacity, one scheme and one temporary storage" to strengthen the emergency reception and disposal capacity of medical wastes.

　　While the existing disposal companies are operating at full capacity, Hubei Province has upgraded and upgraded a number of factories and facilities, which can be used as emergency disposal units at any time. Huanggang Hongyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Huaxin Environmental Protection Company have completed the trial operation of emergency disposal, and the incineration facilities of Shiyan Dongfeng Environmental Protection Company have been maintained and overhauled, with emergency capability.

　　In the process of medical waste transportation, it is managed by special personnel, collected in time, recorded, classified and stored, and transported by special vehicle, and special transportation tools for preventing leakage and spillage are used. Provide personal protective materials and conduct daily temperature monitoring for relevant front-line operators to ensure safety.

　　In addition, the eco-environmental system of Hubei Province regularly supervises and enforces the whole disposal process to ensure the full coverage and treatment of medical wastes. Shiyan City has carried out several rounds of special law enforcement inspections on medical wastes; Huanggang City checks the sewage treatment facilities and medical waste storage rooms of township hospitals and other medical institutions every day to block the secondary transmission.

　　According to the emergency disposal requirements of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, all cities and states in Hubei Province have built emergency storage warehouses for medical wastes, with an emergency storage capacity of 1,552.6 tons. Seventeen temporary storage warehouses for medical wastes have been built in Wuhan, with a total storage capacity of 1,118.6 tons. The province has put into operation 35 medical waste (emergency) disposal units, with a total of 1391 front-line staff. At the same time, we actively strive to bring the support policy for medical waste disposal enterprises into the scope of the provincial government’s support for small and medium-sized enterprises to tide over the difficulties, and coordinate Xiangyang Zhongyou Youyi Company to invest 35 medical waste transport vehicles and huaxin cement Company to invest 4 vehicles to support Wuhan’s medical waste transfer work free of charge.

The staff transferred the medical waste from the tongji hospital Sino-French New Town affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Chu Huan photo (Zhongjing vision)

　　Strictly observe the last link of epidemic prevention

　　Collection, handling and loading … … Unlike the hospital linens collected in the past, Luo Jun collected linens infected by COVID-19 virus in dozens of hospitals in Wuhan these days. Luo Jun is the head of the logistics department of Hubei Renfu Medical Service Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Renfu Pharmaceutical Group, which mainly provides services such as washing, disinfection and distribution of medical fabrics.

　　After the linen was transported back to the company, according to the standard operation flow, Luo Jun drove the truck to the designated isolation area, unloaded it with his colleagues and sorted it, and then the colleagues pulled the sorted linen into the isolation area for sorting, washing and disinfection, and finally disinfected the vehicle.

　　In Wuhan Jiangxia First People’s Hospital, medical waste was put into the yellow trash can marked with "Medical Waste", and then transported out of the hospital’s garbage outlet and sent to the medical waste emergency treatment system. "All medical waste barrels are disinfected before leaving the hospital, and then disinfected after being shipped out." According to Zhao Yanni, the person in charge of the medical waste emergency treatment point, the medical waste collected from the ward at ordinary times will be sent to the hospital’s temporary storage, which has a disposal center and will be transported to the disposal point by a professional team. However, Wuhan’s current transportation capacity and terminal disposal capacity are tight. In this case, the medical waste collected in the ward is treated harmlessly on the spot through the medical waste emergency treatment system.

　　Disinfected medical waste barrels are placed in the temporary storage area of medical waste, and emergency treatment is carried out in batches. The medical waste emergency treatment system includes six links: feeding, sterilization, discharging, transportation and unloading. It takes about 80 minutes to load and unload. The staff pushes one barrel of medical waste to the feeding station at a time. After automatic control, lifting and tipping, the waste is poured into the sterilization trolley and enters the high-temperature sterilization chamber.

　　Sterilization is the core link of the whole system. The reporter saw in the First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia, Wuhan that the medical waste emergency treatment system entered the hospital in a whole vehicle and was disposed of at a fixed point. Wei Bin, general manager of Qidi Environmental Solid Waste and Renewable Resources Center, the provider of the system, introduced that the temperature in the sterilization chamber is above 135℃, the working pressure is 0.23 MPa, and the high-temperature steam sterilization is required to last for more than 45 minutes. After the waste is treated up to standard, it is discharged, transferred to the transportation station, placed in a sealed plastic bag, and translated to the unloading station. The treated medical waste, like domestic waste, is removed by the sanitation system and sent to the nearest waste incineration site.

　　During the epidemic period, the amount of medical waste produced in Wuhan is several times higher than before, and a number of new technologies and products for disinfection have become the main force of medical waste treatment. The "medical waste virus killing device" jointly developed by Hubei Guanghui Energy Saving Technology Co., Ltd. and Institute of Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics uses microwaves to irradiate the medical waste in the container, so that the medical waste can automatically heat up, which can effectively kill bacteria and viruses. The "Environmental Protection Medical Waste Incinerator" developed by Hubei Weitian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. covers an area of less than 10 square meters. It can complete desulfurization and denitrification of flue gas while burning medical waste, and can handle 2 tons to 4 tons of medical waste every day.

The staff of Huanggang Environmental Protection Bureau inspected the medical waste disposal records. Chu Huan photo (Zhongjing vision)

　　Basically realize Nissan Nissin.

　　In other cities and prefectures in Hubei, the capacity of medical waste disposal has been continuously enhanced, and the daily production has basically been achieved.

　　"At present, the daily disposal of medical waste is about 20 tons." Xu Yang, director of Xiangyang Hazardous Solid Waste Management Center, introduced that Hubei Zhongyou Youyi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. was urgently approved by the city to start the emergency disposal of medical waste. This company is a hazardous waste disposal enterprise adopting rotary kiln incineration disposal technology, with a daily disposal capacity of 30 tons to 40 tons. Together with two other disposal enterprises, it can fully meet the needs of harmless disposal of wastes generated by designated diagnosis and treatment hospitals and centralized medical observation points in the city at present, and all medical wastes can be collected, transported and disposed daily.

　　On February 14th, huaxin cement (Yichang) Co., Ltd. successfully put the second cement kiln collaborative medical waste disposal system into trial operation. So far, the emergency collaborative disposal capacity of medical waste in huaxin cement has reached 10 tons/day. Together with the original medical waste disposal capacity of Sander Company and Qiduoyun Company of 21 tons/day, Yichang has formed a disposal capacity of 31 tons/day, and all medical wastes can be collected separately, transported safely and disposed harmlessly.

　　On February 26th, Yichang started the action of cleaning and rectifying rural domestic garbage. At present, the competent departments of counties and cities in Yichang have set up special working groups, focusing on four key points: cleaning and cleaning, garbage removal, disinfection of facilities and equipment, and collection and disposal of discarded masks. According to the working mechanism of "household classification, group cleaning, village collection, town transfer and county treatment", the village environmental sanitation and cleaning operations are carried out, and the rural "combat unit" for epidemic prevention and control is strictly adhered to.

　　Wang Sihai, deputy general manager of Huanggang Longzhong Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. said that the average daily medical waste collected, transported and disposed in the city is about 15 tons, which is twice the normal disposal amount (7 tons/day) and more than three times the usual volume. "The company strictly operates the process and tries its best to maximize the disposal capacity."

　　"Although the medical waste received every day is more than usual, the company is running well, ensuring the daily production of medical waste." As the only qualified hazardous waste disposal enterprise in Xianning City, Chen Zhou, manager of the production department of Hubei Huichu Hazardous Waste Disposal Co., Ltd., told the reporter that they will definitely hold the "last link" of the epidemic prevention work of medical waste disposal. (Economic Daily-China Economic Net reporter Liu Jie correspondent Xiong Xi’ an)

　　Editor’s note:"Good health is the capital of revolution", but in busy life, people are often busy with work and eager to socialize, but they ignore good health. In fact, with a little attention and early prevention, health is around us. People’s Health Network launched the column "Know early and know early" to collect and sort out the health knowledge that you usually ignore, be your health think tank, and carry out health with you to the end!

　　How much does the kidney work every day?

　　Chen Min, chief physician of Department of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, and deputy director of Peking University Institute of Nephrology: The human body has two kidneys, which are located on both sides of the spine and are about the size of a fist. The "blood filtration project" needs 1.7 million to 2.4 million nephrons. Nephron consists of renal corpuscle and renal tubule, and renal corpuscle includes glomerulus and renal capsule. During the day and night, human blood has to be sieved by the kidney for 40~50 times to ensure that the waste produced by metabolism is excreted in time, and the workload is very heavy.

　　The kidney filters about 1.2 liters of blood per minute, accounting for about 24% of the cardiac output. When the blood enters the kidney, the glomerulus filters out substances such as water in the plasma; The filtered substances enter the renal capsule to form protourine, but useful components such as protein, amino acids and sugar remain. After the renal tubule "receives" the original urine, it reabsorbs the useful components, and at the same time discharges the hydrogen ions and ammonia ions that are not needed by the human body to form urine. In this process, nephron maintains the balance of water and electrolyte.

　　In addition to these, the kidney also participates in endocrine regulation, which can release a variety of hormones, such as renin, prostaglandin and erythropoietin, which can help regulate blood pressure, promote the metabolism of active vitamin D, maintain normal bone metabolism and regulate the production of red blood cells.

　　Do four things well to prevent renal failure

　　Chen Min, chief physician of Department of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, and deputy director of Peking University Institute of Nephrology: The onset of renal diseases is hidden and difficult to detect. If early detection and early intervention can significantly reduce the complications of patients and significantly improve the survival rate. Patients with diabetes and hypertension are the most high-risk groups of renal diseases. In addition to actively controlling blood sugar and blood pressure, such people need to pay attention to renal function regularly and regularly detect urinary protein levels and serum creatinine levels. Even healthy people should do the following to care for delicate kidneys.

　　Don’t overeat. Eating too much food at one time will not only increase the burden on the digestive system in a short time, but also produce too much metabolic waste and increase the burden on the kidneys. Long-term overeating can also induce hypertension, diabetes, etc., which will lead to secondary nephropathy. It is suggested to eat some fresh fruits and vegetables such as apples properly, which is beneficial to kidney health.

　　Avoid repeated dehydration. Repeated dehydration caused by high temperature environment is related to the increased risk of chronic renal damage. During dehydration, the secretion of angiotensin and antidiuretic hormone increases, renal blood vessels contract and urine is concentrated. If you don’t replenish water in time, dehydration will be serious and blood volume will be insufficient, which will lead to kidney hypoxia and blood flow reduction, and eventually lead to kidney damage.

　　Pay attention to the urine situation. The most intuitive manifestation of kidney problems is urine changes, such as obvious deepening of color, obvious foam and sudden increase of nocturia. In these cases, you should seek medical attention in time, especially those who are accompanied by obvious weight gain and edema, and are likely to have kidney disease.

　　Pay attention to regular physical examination. People aged 45 and above have to undergo physical examination every year. Those who have a family history of kidney disease, or have a history of diabetes, hypertension, proteinuria and gout, and often take antibiotics and nephrotoxic Chinese medicines, it is best to check once every six months to be alert to renal failure.

　　Soaking feet at nine o’clock in the evening is the best way to protect the kidney.

　　Jiang Haitao, Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine: It is most appropriate to soak your feet in warm water from 9: 00 pm to 11: 00 pm, which can attract our spirit to the lower limbs. Spirit plays a leading role in qi and blood, and qi and blood will descend if you concentrate on it. For some mental workers, it is very useful for the spirit of qi and blood to descend, because after thinking about the problem for a day, the spirit is concentrated on it, and the brain is more excited, so it is more difficult to fall asleep at night. After soaking feet in warm water, the spirit and qi and blood are easier to return, that is, to return to their base camp, and the kidney dominates the storage of essence, so it is the kidney that is replenished after collection.

　　The kidney meridian of human body starts from the first step. After soaking feet in warm water, it plays a warming role and is a benign stimulus to the kidney meridian, which will naturally play a good role in the kidney. Therefore, although no measures have been taken for the kidney, the meridian can also play a role in tonifying the kidney.

　　It should be noted that the water temperature of soaking feet must be moderate, not too hot or too cold. If the water temperature is too hot, it will not help the kidney to collect, but will make people more excited, thus increasing the consumption of kidney essence; If the water is too cold and cold, the meridians will be blocked, and the cold will enter the abdomen along the meridians, and its harm is self-evident.

　　These two conditions can cause acute renal failure.

　　1. excessive exercise. Men Wenjin, Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Nephrology, beijing jishuitan hospital: Excessive exercise may lead to acute renal failure. This is because sudden strenuous exercise is likely to cause muscle injury, which will lead to rhabdomyolysis, and then lead to the increase of myoglobin. Myosin itself will also be decomposed into nephrotoxic components in the body, which will cause further damage to renal tubules and lead to acute renal failure.

　　The common causes of soy sauce color are rhabdomyolysis and urinary system infection. It is normal to cause muscle damage during exercise, but excessive exercise causes rhabdomyolysis, myoglobin in cells enters the blood, and urine will show an abnormal dark brown color. Myoglobin is dissolved too much, which can not be discharged quickly, causing blockage in the kidney, which will lead to acute renal failure.

　　2. High voltage electric shock. Dr. Wang Bo, Emergency Department of Changping District Hospital, Beijing: High-voltage electric injuries often burn large areas of muscles, even involving bones, with large fluid loss, which is more prone to shock than general thermal burns. In addition, a large amount of hemoglobin and myoglobin are released, resulting in severe hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria, which will lead to acute renal failure. Severe acute renal failure often requires hemodialysis according to the condition.

　　Eight signals indicate that the kidney is ill.

　　Lun Lide, Director of Nephrology Department of Air Force General Hospital: 1. Eyelid or lower limb edema: The kidney will lead to the impairment of water and electrolyte regulation function, causing the increase of water and sodium in the body, and water often accumulates in the loosest tissue or the lowest part of the body, such as eyelids or lower limbs.

　　2. Headache, fatigue, memory loss, poor sleep: Nephropathy is characterized by headache, fatigue, memory loss, poor sleep, etc., mostly caused by hypertension, especially young people who have unexplained blood pressure rise should be alert to kidney diseases.

　　3. Foamed urine: When the protein and urine sugar in urine increase, foamed urine can appear, and there is a fine foam floating on the surface of urine, which is not easy to disappear. You should be alert to proteinuria; If the bubble is large and disappears very quickly, we should be alert to whether the urine sugar rises.

　　4. Changes in urine volume: Normal people’s metabolism is slow after falling asleep, and nocturia is significantly less than that during the day. They should not urinate at night or only pass once, and the nocturia is about 1/4 ~ 1/3 of the total amount in 24 hours. If it is often more than 2 times, nocturia is more than that during the day, which may indicate renal insufficiency.

　　5. Abnormal urine test: If protein or occult blood is positive in routine urine test, it may be asymptomatic proteinuria or asymptomatic hematuria, and urine protein quantification or urine phase microscopy should be done in time.

　　6. Complications with other diseases: Many diseases are prone to kidney damage, such as hypertension, diabetes, gout and polycystic kidney disease. Patients with these diseases should have regular urine tests.

　　7. Anemia: Patients with chronic renal insufficiency above moderate degree often have anemia, fatigue, dizziness, pallor and other symptoms, which is often caused by renal insufficiency leading to decreased secretion of erythropoietin by the kidney. Therefore, in the case of unexplained anemia, besides considering blood system diseases, we should check whether there is kidney disease.

　　8. Loss of appetite: Patients with early uremia often have symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea and itchy skin. Therefore, patients with these symptoms, especially those with hypertension and anemia, must check their renal function.

　　What needs to be emphasized here is that low back pain is not necessarily kidney disease. Low back pain, which people often say, refers to the pain of the whole back and even the lumbosacral part. There is no sensory nerve distribution in the renal parenchyma, so it is painless, and the pain in the renal area that patients feel is mostly caused by the involvement of renal capsule, ureter and renal pelvis. Some patients with nephritis and nephrotic syndrome only have slight discomfort in the waist and feel sore, and rarely have obvious low back pain. (People’s Health Network is integrated from Life Times and Health Times)

On March 6th, HarmonyOS Zhixing’s two high-profile models, the 2025 model and the official opening of the pre-sale, set off a boom in the automobile market. Among them, in 2025, the pre-sale price of the M9 for the border is 478,000 yuan, and that of the M8 for the border is 368,000 yuan. It is reported that the 2025 M9 will be listed in shock this month, and the M8 is scheduled to officially meet with consumers in April.

Wenjie M8 is positioned as "flagship SUV of family wisdom", with a wheelbase of 3105mm, which is only 5mm shorter than Wenjie M9, the same as the wheelbase, and the body size is close to it. It is available in two versions, 5-seat version and 6-seat version, to meet the travel needs of different families. Judging from the pre-sale price, the M-8 card in Wenjie fills the gap between the M-9 card and the M-9 card in Wenjie, further improves the product matrix of HarmonyOS Zhixing, and enters the high-end SUV market of new energy together with the M-9 card in 2025. In terms of power, M8 will simultaneously introduce two power forms: extended range and pure electricity. The extended range version is equipped with a range extender with a power of 1.5T and 118kW, and uses a driving motor with the front 165kW and the rear 227kW. The maximum speed is 200km/h, and its strength cannot be underestimated.

The 2025 model M9 was declared in February this year, including plug-in extended range and pure electric power, and equipped with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited ternary lithium-ion battery. This change has been upgraded in terms of intelligent driving hardware, which further enhances the intelligent driving ability and brings users a more advanced travel experience. It is worth mentioning that HarmonyOS Zhixing also provides optional original hardware upgrade scheme for the owners of the current M9 model, and at the same time, the current model will continue to upgrade the software features of OTA, so that the old car owners can also enjoy the constantly upgraded service. Externally, the 2025 model M9 adds the color of Jinrui red, which is more unique and distinguished. In terms of seats, 5-seat version and 6-seat version are available for consumers to choose freely. In addition, the new car is also equipped with ten black technologies, such as Huawei’s advanced intelligent driving, Xuanwu hard-core body, Huawei Turing platform and intelligent privacy windows, etc., to improve the performance and quality of vehicles in all directions.

After the pre-sale was opened, the market response of the two models was extremely enthusiastic. Wen Jie M9 2025 pre-sale 6 hours small order over 11000 units; The pre-sale price of the M8 started from 368,000 yuan, and the small order exceeded 21,000 units in 6 hours, and the small order exceeded 7,500 units in 1 hour after the opening of the reservation, showing consumers’ high recognition and expectation for these two new cars.

Yu Chengdong, managing director of Huawei, chairman of BG, and chairman of BU, a smart car solution, said that the launch of the M8 and the M9 in 2025 is another important layout of HarmonyOS Zhixing in the field of new energy vehicles. With the advantages of Huawei’s full-stack technology, ever-changing luxury space, all-dimensional safety and more personalized selection, these two models are expected to stand out in the highly competitive new energy vehicle market and bring consumers better and smarter travel choices.

Judging from the market competition pattern, there are relatively few participants in the 400,000-class hybrid SUV market, and the external competing products of M8 are mainly L9. According to the analysis of Ping An Securities Research Report, the expansion trend of the extended-range market is clear, and the customer M8 is expected to replicate the successful experience of the customer M9, accept the sinking market bonus of the customer M9, and become an explosion-proof vehicle of 400,000 yuan. It is estimated that the steady-state monthly sales of the customer M8 will reach about 15,000 vehicles. In the 500,000-class SUV market in 2025, with its continuous product upgrade and technical advantages, it is expected to continue the brilliant achievement of the 500,000-class sales champion for 11 consecutive months.

With the opening of the pre-sale of the 2025 model, the layout of HarmonyOS Zhixing in the new energy vehicle market is more perfect and the product matrix is more abundant. The listing of these two new cars will bring more quality choices to consumers, and their performance in the market in the future is worth looking forward to.