□ Experts’ Talk on "Network Rule of Law Construction in China in the New Era"

　　Zhao Jingwu, Special Commentator of Rule of Law Network

　　After stepping into the network society, cyberspace governance has become a "microcosm" of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Looking around the world, governments all over the world have made arrangements in cyberspace. China has also firmly grasped cyberspace as an important strategic resource and the support of social development. In the past few years, it has not only achieved the "from scratch" in the construction of network rule of law, but also completed the "from scratch" in the fields of network legislation, network law enforcement, network justice and network law popularization.

　　As early as 2015, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the opening ceremony in world internet conference that it is necessary to "adhere to the rule of law, run the Internet according to law, and surf the Internet according to law, so that the Internet can operate healthily on the track of the rule of law". In practice, China is also continuing to implement the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, laying a solid foundation for the rule of law in cyberspace and standardizing the market order in cyberspace, and has achieved remarkable results.

　　On March 16th, the white paper "China’s Network Rule of Law Construction in the New Era" issued by the State Council Press Office systematically summarized the achievements of China’s cyberspace governance activities from a macro perspective, highlighting the China wisdom of cyberspace governance.

　　First, the network rule of law sets the order

　　On the legislative level, faced with the emerging social governance problems in the digital age, China actively explored the road of rule of law suitable for itself.

　　Protection of rights is the foundation.The goal of cyberspace governance is to maximize people’s well-being, and the primary task of China’s cyberspace legislation is to protect citizens’ legitimate rights and interests. A series of laws and regulations, such as Civil Code, Criminal Law and Personal Information Protection Law, specifically define the new digital rights enjoyed by Chinese citizens in the digital age. More importantly, these rights are not limited to concepts, but are fully guaranteed by the corresponding obligation system and responsibility identification mechanism. Both citizens’ digital personality rights, citizens’ digital property and network virtual property are protected by laws and regulations. In addition, China always regards the principle of equality as the core of its rights system, and at the same time provides institutional guarantee for eliminating the digital divide for special groups such as minors, the elderly and the disabled.

　　The digital economy is the focus.Various emerging formats such as platform economy, sharing economy and short video economy have emerged one after another. While activating the vitality of market competition, new unfair competition behaviors have also emerged simultaneously, which are not covered by traditional anti-monopoly law and anti-unfair competition law. In order to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the digital economy, China has successively promulgated laws and regulations such as the E-commerce Law and the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Online Transactions, and revised the anti-monopoly law and the anti-unfair competition law to better adjust the market competition relationship under the digital economy model.

　　Network security is the bottom line.The innovation and development of digital economy can not be separated from network security. The legal system of network security constructed by China is based on the overall national security concept, from the network security law, data security law to the Regulations on the Security Protection of Key Information Infrastructure and the Measures for the Review of Network Security, all of which reflect that China’s "network security" covers network information system security, network data security, network information content ecological security, network criminal security, network intellectual property security, network transaction security and other components, and has been constructed.

　　Second, online justice guarantees justice

　　The realization of fairness and justice can not only stay in written documents, but also let the people really feel the fairness and transparency of the rule of law in cyberspace. China timely adjusted the existing judicial system, combined with the new features and new demands of online disputes, and cooperated to innovate online and offline judicial procedures, so that people can truly feel fairness and justice in judicial services.

　　Simultaneously update judicial rules and continuously refine judicial procedures.The unique network disputes in the digital age, such as network transaction disputes, telecommunication network fraud, network copyright disputes and personal information rights infringement disputes, have challenged the trial ability of China courts. In order to effectively protect all kinds of new digital rights, based on the basic demands of the parties, China has refined the rules of electronic data evidence, online mediation and online litigation of people’s courts, and gradually established efficient online judicial rules that are compatible with online disputes. At the same time, through the unification of the rules of adjudication and the criteria for determining the boundary of behavior, it will provide a more transparent and safe judicial environment for the development of China’s digital economy.

　　Innovatively explore the trial mechanism and deepen the promotion of technical empowerment.In line with the development trend of the digital age, China has successively established Internet courts in Hangzhou, Beijing and Guangzhou to explore the application scenarios of digital information technology in the judicial field and form a new Internet trial mechanism with regional characteristics. Blockchain and artificial intelligence not only cause problems in cyberspace governance, but also provide new trial tools for judicial organs. Innovative concepts such as case push, smart court and smart justice have been put forward and landed one after another, which have improved the efficiency of judicial trial in China, and also demonstrated the possibility and superiority of technology empowerment, forming an Internet judicial model unique to China.

　　Strictly implement law enforcement standards and vigorously punish cyber crimes.In the network society, the abuse of information technology often induces a series of social problems and alienates traditional criminal acts. In order to curb the damage of telecommunication network fraud to social order and protect the legitimate rights and interests of special groups, China resolutely cracked down on all kinds of network crimes. In the law enforcement activities such as "Clean Net Action" and "Clear and Clear Special Action" that have been carried out for many years, China has cut off the network black and gray industrial chain with new governance tools such as anti-fraud big data and anti-fraud App, which has greatly enhanced people’s sense of security.

　　Third, the awareness of network law popularization and assistance

　　The maintenance of the legal order in cyberspace requires not only strict law enforcement by law enforcement agencies, but also the establishment of law-abiding awareness by all sectors of society, rational use of cyberspace, and taking "the internet is not an illegal place" as the guiding ideology of online behavior. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to innovate the legal popularization mode, optimize the legal popularization content and improve the legal popularization methods.

　　The mode of popularizing law is diversified.China has innovated the traditional legal popularization mode with Internet thinking. In addition to the traditional legal popularization modes such as sending the law offline to the countryside and sending the law to the campus, it has made full use of the basic advantages of the Internet in the field of information dissemination, and carried out more extensive and in-depth legal popularization activities based on government websites, WeChat official account and short video platform accounts. Network information services such as forums, Weibo, social media accounts, and webcasts have amplified the actual effect of online legal popularization. The diversified, interesting and portable online legal popularization mode has made the relationship between the rule of law in cyberspace and the people closer, and the people are no longer passively accepting legal popularization knowledge, but participating in online legal popularization activities with a more active attitude.

　　Hierarchical content of law popularization.The effect of popularizing the law is closely related to the content of popularizing the law. In order to provide the legal knowledge urgently needed by the people and flexibly combine online judicial activities, China announced typical and representative judicial cases to the public based on judicial platforms such as China Judgment Document Network and China Trial Process Information Open Network. Let the people have a more intuitive and profound understanding of cyberspace laws and regulations through the way of case statement and case interpretation. In addition, the establishment of the rule of law in cyberspace is also based on legal popularization activities, which opens the door to public opinion, absorbs public legislative suggestions, clarifies legislative content, and builds the mass foundation of the rule of law in cyberspace.

　　The method of popularizing law is a think tank.In the digital age, in view of the endless new network governance problems, it is also necessary for network legal talents to participate in network legal activities to enhance the social effect of network legal popularization. In the past few years, major universities and research institutions in China have created and explored high-end think tanks of online rule of law, and the training direction of online rule of law talents has also changed from a single subject background to a compound research direction, which has provided strong intellectual support for the construction of online rule of law in China. In addition, in order to better meet the needs of governance practice, China has re-integrated the education model of law and other disciplines, innovatively developed two disciplines such as digital law and artificial intelligence law, and achieved the basic goal of talent training to meet the needs of the country.

　　(The author is an associate professor at Beihang University Law School and deputy director of the research base of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Center)

　　BEIJING, Beijing, March 4 (Shang Qi) Recently, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Promoting Equalization of Basic Public Services" was released, in which a chapter was devoted to the deployment of basic public services for the disabled, creating convenient conditions and a friendly environment for the disabled to participate in social development on an equal footing, so that the disabled can live in peace and contentment, food and clothing, and live a more affluent, happier and dignified life.

　　— — Promote 12-year free education for disabled children and adolescents with financial difficulties.

　　The reporter noted that the "Plan" listed a total of 10 service projects in the field of disabled people.

　　In terms of education for the disabled, the Plan clearly stipulates that 12-year free education, including compulsory education and high school education, will be actively promoted for disabled children and adolescents with financial difficulties.

　　The Plan emphasizes the construction of special education resource centers based on existing special education schools to improve the popularization level, condition guarantee and education quality of special education. Improve the special education system and actively create conditions to ensure that disabled students who have completed compulsory education and are willing have the opportunity to receive appropriate secondary vocational education.

　　On this basis, the Plan also puts forward requirements for the training of special education talents: the key point is to build rehabilitation universities, improve the running level of special education majors in colleges and universities, and promote the establishment of special education courses in normal universities.

　　About employment

　　— — Provide free vocational skills training for 1 million disabled people in cities and towns.

　　The Plan makes arrangements for employment, entrepreneurship and social security services for the disabled, and proposes to provide free employment and entrepreneurship services for urban and rural disabled people who have the ability to work and the willingness to work, and provide free vocational training according to regulations.

　　In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the research office of China Disabled Persons’ Federation put forward the goal of employment service for the disabled during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period — — Provide free vocational skills training for 1 million disabled people in cities and towns, focus on improving their employability, and realize the employment of 500,000 new disabled people in cities and towns.

　　The person in charge said that by 2017, all municipal districts and all counties (cities, banners) will have at least one auxiliary employment agency for the disabled, which will basically meet the employment needs of the mentally, mentally and severely disabled with certain working ability.

　　About barrier-free environment

　　— — Provide subsidies for the renovation of 238,000 poor families with severe disabilities.

　　The Plan proposes to accelerate the barrier-free transformation of public places and facilities, and at the same time emphasizes the improvement of comprehensive service capacity of disabled people at county level, and clearly strengthens the service capacity of rehabilitation, care, vocational training, assistive devices adaptation, culture and sports of disabled people at county level, gives full play to the function of helping disabled people in grass-roots public service facilities, and promotes the formation of a grass-roots service network for disabled people at county (city, district), township (town) and village (neighborhood) levels.

　　In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the research office of the China Disabled Persons’ Federation said that the barrier-free transformation of poor families with severe disabilities should be intensified, and the barrier-free transformation of families with disabilities should be included in the practical project for the people by the government.

　　The person in charge revealed that the central government provided subsidies for the renovation of 238,000 poor families with severe disabilities, expanded the coverage of barrier-free renovation services for disabled families, effectively solved the obstacles of family life for disabled people, and laid a material foundation for disabled people to achieve a well-off life.

　　About communication

　　— — In 2020, the relevant norms and standards of national common sign language and national common Braille will be promulgated.

　　The Plan proposes to strengthen the standardization and promotion of national common sign language and common Braille. Promote the facilities of public cultural and sports venues to be open to the disabled free of charge or preferential treatment, and provide special cultural services for people with vision and hearing disabilities.

　　In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the research office of China Disabled Persons’ Federation put forward the key tasks and measures to strengthen the standardization and promotion of national common sign language and national common Braille. He said that the standardization of sign language and Braille is an important part of the national language and writing cause and a long-term and lasting systematic project.

　　According to the person in charge, in 2017, the pilot projects of the National Universal Sign Language Program (Trial) and the National Universal Braille Program (Trial) will be completed, and the two programs will be revised and improved according to the feedback from the pilot projects; In 2018, the National Universal Sign Language Program and the National Universal Braille Program were promulgated, basically forming a standardized working mechanism for sign language and Braille; By 2020, the relevant standards of national common sign language and national common Braille will be promulgated, and laws and regulations related to sign language and Braille will be established and improved.

　　— — Accelerate the pilot project of intelligent disabled card.

　　The Plan proposes to improve the data management system of basic information of the disabled population and basic service demand information. Among them, the relevant person in charge of the research office of the China Disabled Persons’ Federation stressed that the pilot program of intelligent disability cards should be accelerated.

　　According to reports, in 1995 and 2008, the China Disabled Persons’ Federation successively issued the first and second generation disability cards, and by December 2016, the country had issued 32 million second generation disability cards.

　　However, the first two generations of disabled persons’ cards are ordinary paper documents, which are easy to wear and tear, easy to copy, and difficult to collect information. In recent years, the voice of disabled persons demanding the replacement of paper disabled persons’ cards has become increasingly strong.

　　The person in charge said that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the China Disabled Persons’ Federation should build a basic guarantee platform such as card issuing custody, support the card issuing work in pilot provinces, build an intelligent key system for disabled persons’ cards and an intelligent universal testing platform for disabled persons’ cards, and complete the construction of an intelligent data center for disabled persons’ cards. (End)

Wen | Lei Technology

This year, after Apple announced the cancellation of the car-making plan, it finally made up its mind to allocate more energy to the AI project. The M3 MacBook Air just released and the upcoming iOS 18 correspond to Apple’s first answer sheet on the AI PC and AI mobile phone tracks respectively.

IOS 18 has not yet been released, and everyone can only guess Apple’s next move from many sources. However, judging from the performance of the released M3 MacBook Air, it seems that the number of AI computing cores, performance and even NPU of M3 chips are difficult to support Apple’s AI PC business in the face of the encirclement formed by a variety of AI PC competing products in the market. The new M3 MacBook Air was sold at a discount of $100 on Amazon only one month after it was put on the shelves.

However, the situation that M3 chip alone supports Apple AI PC is about to change: Apple M4 series chips may have to meet with you in advance. Mark Gurman, a reporter from Bloomberg, pointed out in the latest issue of Power On newsletter that Apple’s M4 chip is close to the mass production stage, and it will be loaded into the latest Mac devices as soon as the end of this year. The focus of this series of chips will be on improving the performance of handling AI tasks.

M4 chip focuses on AI performance and will cover the full-stack product line of Mac.

Considering that Apple released M3, M3 Pro and M3 Max chips in October last year, Mark Gurman predicted that Apple would also launch M4 series chips around October this year. Last year, M3 series chips were sought after by many consumers for their performance, dynamic cache, mesh coloring and rendering, and hardware-level ray tracing acceleration technology.

This year, the upgrade of M4 series chips will focus on the number of AI computing cores, efficiency and NPU. It is reported that the M4 series chips to be produced by Apple are expected to have at least three main models, namely, the low-end chip Donan, the mid-end chip Brava and the high-end chip Hidra. The above names are all code names, and the officially listed names are likely to follow the M4, M4 Pro, M4 Max and M4 Ultra of M3.

Not only that, M4 series chips will also cover the whole Mac product line. Among them, the new iMac, entry-level 14-inch MacBook Pro, high-end 14-inch MacBook Pro, 16-inch MacBook Pro and Mac mini models will be the first batch of MAC products equipped with M4 series chips, which are expected to be launched one after another from the end of this year to the beginning of next year.

In the first quarter of 2025, Apple will update the 13-inch and 15-inch M4 MacBook Air models, update the Mac Studio in the middle of the year, and update the Mac Pro in the third or fourth quarter.

Apple reorganized the Mac product line with M4 series chips, which has different significance for different products in the product line. For Mac mini, Mac Pro and Mac Studio, this is a rare intergenerational update. Previously, the latest models of the three products were only equipped with M2 chip, and their performance had already lagged behind other Mac products. Whether Apple directly skipped M3 chip and upgraded to M4 chip or inserted M3 chip into the original update rhythm step by step, with the current news, it is still impossible to draw a conclusion.

However, Lei Technology believes that according to Apple’s habit, it is not impossible for Apple to release M3 and M4 products at the same time, so the price of M4 products may hit a new high in this series.

For the newly upgraded M3 MacBook Air, it is expected that the M4 model released next year will exert great sales pressure on M3 model, and the shortened update time may make some consumers feel at ease as a "waiting party", and then make a decision after the release of M4 MacBook Air. This also means that M3 MacBook Air will accelerate the clearance and dumping of goods, which is expected to be greatly promoted at key promotion nodes such as 618.

The significance of AI Mac to Apple has surpassed the product itself.

According to the global PC sales in 2023 released by data research organization IDC, in the fourth quarter of 2023, the global PC shipments were about 259.5 million units, down 13.9% compared with 2022. Among them, Apple’s shipments ranked fourth, down 22.4% year-on-year. Although Apple’s shipments in the fourth quarter of 2023 improved, increasing by 10.1% year-on-year, from the annual data, Apple’s decline in the PC market is very obvious, and the decline rate far exceeds that of other PC manufacturers.

In fact, not only in the PC market, but also in other fields. A series of events such as the "Titan" project shelved for ten years, the iPad shipment was overtaken by Huawei tablet, the word-of-mouth of Vision Pro was extended, and the price of iPhone 15 series was successively reduced, which made Apple feel overwhelmed.

The outside world is generally not optimistic about Apple’s expectations, which is embodied in the investment market. As of the close of the US stock market on April 10, Apple’s share price has fallen by about 13% this year. It was not until the news that M4 series chips reorganized the Mac product line came out that Apple’s share price rose, with a total increase of more than 5% in two days.

It can be seen that the significance of AI Mac to Apple has far exceeded the scope of ordinary products. It represents the apple that the outside world wants to see more, and it also means that Apple has finally returned to the "right track" that the public thinks. Apple continues to iterate AI Mac products through M4 series chips. On the one hand, it can inject new power into the Mac product line whose shipments are already declining in 2023 and stimulate the sales of the Mac product line; On the other hand, AI PC has become the hottest topic in the PC market. Many PC manufacturers have either launched the first AI PC or are on the way to release it. If Apple keeps the iterative pace of the past few years, it is likely that the PC shipments in 2024 will further decline.

M4 Mac will add another fire to AI PC.

If we want to select the hottest keywords in the technology industry in 2024, Lei Technology believes that it is "AI". At present, AI has penetrated into all walks of life. AI mobile phone, AI TV, AI audio, AI kitchen appliances, AI music, AI headphones and the AI PC we are talking about today all represent the reconstruction of an industry by AI.

Microsoft and Glory have successively released their own AI PC products. Whether it is Microsoft’s Surface Pro 10 commercial version and Surface Laptop 6 commercial version, or the glory MagicBook Pro 16, they are all highly anticipated by their respective manufacturers.

In addition, Microsoft and Qualcomm jointly built the Snapdragon X Elite chip, and plan to launch the Surface product with this processor later this year. It is reported that Microsoft executives are very satisfied with the performance of Snapdragon X Elite chip, and think that it can surpass Apple’s MacBook Air equipped with M3 chip in terms of CPU performance and handling various AI tasks.

Lenovo also plans to officially release the first real AI PC on the 18th of this month. The biggest highlight of this product is that it will be equipped with a personal model AI TWIN (artificial intelligence twin) with a local knowledge base. According to the official introduction, the so-called AI TWIN means that by establishing a local knowledge base on the device, you can better understand the user’s behavior habits, even predict tasks according to your thinking mode, and find solutions on your own. It eventually evolved into a digital extension of users, just like twins.

It can be said that almost all PC manufacturers are going further and further on the road of AI PC. The addition of Apple’s AI Mac has made the already highly competitive PC industry more chaotic. Although Apple’s PC shipments in 2023 are not ideal, I believe that no PC manufacturer can ignore the influence of Apple products.

It’s better than Microsoft. The joint venture with Qualcomm to build Snapdragon X Elite chip only claims that its performance exceeds M3 MacBook Air. When Apple officially launches M4 series chips, perhaps the current PC industry will usher in a new round of reshuffle.

With AI hardware alone, Apple can’t turn the tide.

Apple’s "toothpaste-squeezing" update is nothing new. Although the performance of M3 series chips is basically improved by 10%-20% compared with M2 series, it obviously cannot meet the high expectations of some users for its performance. At present, we still don’t know how much the M4 series chips have improved compared with the M3 series chips. According to the news, the M4 series chips that are highly anticipated by Apple may really bring a good competitive advantage to Apple’s Mac product line.

However, no matter how superior the hardware conditions are, they can’t be separated from the landing scene after all, and users’ judgment on the quality of product experience comes more from practical applications. On M3 MacBook Air, we have seen the native functions of the system, such as real-time speech to text, translation, text prediction, visual understanding, and auxiliary functions, as well as the AI functions under the AI application ecology, such as Pixelmator Pro automatically enhancing photos and CapCut eliminating background noise in videos.

Although these functions are not amazing, they are quite satisfactory, but Lei Technology believes that AI Mac has not really played the traditional advantages of Apple’s ecology, such as using OS to connect different devices in series and build an application ecosystem, or launching AI OS for the era of generative AGI (universal artificial intelligence).

Recently, The Wall Street Journal reported that Apple had a discussion with Google, OpenAI and Anthropic, which are owned by Alphabet. It is not excluded to introduce one or more AI models into iOS 18 to provide the news of generating AI chat robot function for iOS system, and related news of cooperation with Baidu has also been reported in China.

If Apple is only an AI hardware provider, this win-win approach is obviously wise, but Apple is a technology company famous for its innovation and intelligence. In the short term, adopting alternatives may be acceptable to most users, but in the long run, this practice will always fall into the next ride. This is still the case in the mobile phone market. If Apple adopts a similar approach in the PC market, I believe that even if the M4 series chips with super performance are launched, it will be difficult to reverse the current unfavorable situation of Apple in the PC market.

Lei Technology still hopes that Apple can develop more eco-related practical applications on the new AI Mac and bring more AI usage scenarios to users. If it can really reach the above level, perhaps M4 series chips will lead Apple’s Mac product line to rebound.

1905 movie network news On December 9th, the film premiered in Beijing, featuring Bo Huang, Wang Luodan, Tan Zhuo and Ke Bai. At the post-screening meeting, a male fan ran to Wang Luodan and took out a small tin box (suspected wedding ring) and knelt down in front of Wang Luodan. Wang Luodan immediately responded by saying "NO", and then repeatedly said "Sorry, you can go" to express his refusal.

Subsequently, the male powder was taken away by the security guards, and Wang Luodan, who stayed on the stage, was so scared that he was livid that he said that he would wait for a while and let the next actor express his feelings first.

It is reported that this is not the first time that Wang Luodan has been publicly proposed by male fans. On the red carpet of Changchun Film Festival last year, Wang Luodan was also presented with flowers and proposed by male fans who suddenly walked to the red carpet. At that time, Wang Luodan also calmly communicated with him and declined the movie fan. (The picture is from a video screenshot)

　　CCTV News:According to the WeChat official account news released by Shanghai, in order to strengthen the standardized management of tent campsites and promote the healthy and orderly development of tent camping in Shanghai, the general office of the municipal government recently issued the Measures for the Administration of Tent Campsites in Shanghai (for Trial Implementation). The "Measures" clarify the management requirements of venues with clear business entities, legal operations, public tourism and leisure needs, and capable of providing tent camping services or space, including site selection, site management, safety management, and ecological environment protection. The Measures shall come into force on September 29, 2023 and shall be valid until September 28, 2025. The details are as follows:

　　area of application

　　These Measures are applicable to venues that have clear business entities, are legally operated, meet the needs of mass tourism and leisure, and can provide tent camping services or space.

　　General principle

　　The management of tent campsites in this city follows the general principle of "people-oriented, civilized and ecological, safe and orderly, and integrated development", conforms to the new needs of people’s tourism and leisure experience, takes into account the special needs of the elderly, children and disabled people, expands the supply of high quality, and constantly meets the growing needs of the people for a better life.

　　Site selection

　　The construction of tent campsites shall conform to the requirements of national land space planning and related special planning, use land according to laws and regulations, and shall not occupy permanent basic farmland, cultivated land and wetlands, strictly observe the red line of ecological protection, and shall not change the basic attributes of forest land. Tent campsites should be selected in safe areas, avoiding important or fragile ecological areas, away from forest fire prevention areas, flood control areas, geological disaster-prone areas and wildlife breeding areas. Tent campsites involved in the examination and approval of infrastructure projects and environmental impact assessment should avoid drinking water source protection areas. The construction and operation of tent campsites should not conflict with the scope of river management and dike engineering facilities, and should not have a negative impact on the river environment.

　　Encourage qualified tourist attractions, tourist resorts, rural revitalization demonstration villages, beautiful countryside demonstration villages, rural tourism key villages, country parks, stock construction land, ecological parks around the city, theme parks and open leisure woodlands, etc., and set aside camping and leisure functional areas to provide camping services on the premise of complying with relevant regulations.

　　Site management

　　Tent campsite business entities should be registered in a standardized manner, and camping projects involving food business, sanitation in public places, high-risk sports and other projects that need approval should obtain relevant licenses; We should strictly abide by the relevant laws and regulations on production and operation, clearly mark the price, release the tourist information, and provide true and accurate publicity and marketing information.

　　Tent camp operators or venue providers should provide security and cleaning personnel in the tent camp and strengthen inspections during the peak hours of people flow; According to the space capacity and environmental capacity of the tent campsite, the maximum carrying capacity should be scientifically verified, the tent layout should be rationally planned, and sufficient sanitation facilities such as garbage collection containers and toilets should be equipped to maintain the good sanitation and ecological environment of the camp. Encourage conditional tent campsites to provide convenient services such as parking, shower, domestic water and automatic sales.

　　The business entity or site provider of the tent campsite shall set up signs around the tent campsite and at the main entrances and exits; The tent campsite shall be informed of the space scope, opening hours, activity content, consultation and complaint channels, supervision telephone number of the superior competent department of the venue provider and other related contents, and the information shall be dynamically adjusted and released in time.

　　Management responsibility

　　The main body of tent campsite management bears the main responsibility of the business unit.

　　The site provider where the tent campsite is located shall be responsible for the supervision of site use.

　　The superior competent department of the site provider where the tent campsite is located shall assume the responsibility of the site supervisor.

　　Each district government undertakes the responsibility of territorial management of tent campsites and guides the standardized development of tent campsites in this district. The township governments or sub-district offices are responsible for the daily supervision and management of tent campsites.

　　The Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism is responsible for the formulation, publicity and guidance of management policies for tent campsites in the city.

　　The Municipal Commission of Commerce is responsible for guiding the relevant districts to supervise and manage the establishment of tent campsites within the scope of commercial premises.

　　The Municipal Public Security Bureau is responsible for guiding the relevant areas to do a good job in the public security management of tent campsites, and urging the business entities of tent campsites to implement the requirements of various public security management systems.

　　City Planning and Resources Bureau is responsible for guiding the relevant areas to do a good job in tent campsite planning, and implementing the requirements of land and space use control and cultivated land protection and management.

　　The Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment is responsible for guiding relevant districts to carry out ecological environment supervision on tent campsites within their jurisdiction.

　　The Municipal Agriculture and Rural Committee is responsible for guiding all agriculture-related areas to make full use of rural idle resources in accordance with laws and regulations for the development of tent camping-related industries, and strengthening the territorial management of tent campsites in the region.

　　The Municipal Water Affairs Bureau is responsible for guiding relevant districts to carry out water supervision on tent campsites under their jurisdiction.

　　The Municipal Health and Wellness Committee is responsible for guiding relevant districts to carry out hygiene licensing and hygiene supervision in public places involving hygiene licensing within the tent campsite.

　　The Municipal Emergency Bureau is responsible for supervising and guiding the competent departments of tent campsite providers and relevant areas to effectively strengthen the safety management of tent campsites.

　　The Municipal Market Supervision Bureau is responsible for guiding the relevant areas to do a good job in the registration of tent campsite business entities; Guide relevant districts to handle food business licenses according to law and strengthen food safety supervision in the region; Supervise and guide the e-commerce platform to fulfill the obligation of qualification examination for the operating entities of tents and campsites in the platform according to law.

　　Municipal Sports Bureau is responsible for the approval, supervision and guidance of high-risk sports involved in tent campsites.

　　The Municipal Bureau of Greening and City Appearance is responsible for guiding the relevant areas to supervise and manage the establishment of tent campsites in open and leisure forest land; Guide the relevant areas to do a good job in the standardized configuration, regular maintenance and classified collection and transportation management of domestic waste in tent campsites; Guide the relevant areas to do a good job in cleaning the roads around the tent campsite and cleaning the public toilets.

　　City Fire Rescue Corps is responsible for guiding the relevant areas to supervise and manage the daily fire safety of tent campsite operators; Cooperate with the superior competent department and territorial management department of the tent campsite provider to carry out comprehensive management of the tent campsite, and carry out fire safety publicity and education for tent campsite employees; Supervise and inspect the implementation of the main responsibility for fire safety of tent campsites in non-forest grassland fire prevention areas according to law.

　　The Municipal Office of Spiritual Civilization is responsible for guiding the publicity and education related to civilized camping.

　　Platform responsibility

　　E-commerce platform operators should check and register the identity, address, contact information, business license and other information of the tent camp operators who have settled in the platform in accordance with the requirements of laws and regulations, and check and update them regularly.

　　social governance

　　The business activities of tent campsites should meet the requirements of urban and rural grassroots social governance, and maintain social friendship and harmony and prevent and avoid disputes under the guidance and supervision of streets, towns and villagers’ committees. Encourage the establishment of tent camping industry autonomous organizations, formulate industry management conventions, and strengthen industry self-management and supervision.

　　safety management

　　Tent campsite operators should be responsible for the safety management of tent campsites, and should formulate safety work systems, strictly implement safety precautions, and strictly abide by the requirements of fire protection, food, sanitation, disaster prevention, gas, electricity, ecological environment protection, wildlife protection, and public health emergencies. Should be equipped with necessary monitoring and early warning, fire fighting facilities and equipment, do a good job in emergency materials reserves, establish relevant emergency plans, strengthen duty on duty, and strengthen emergency drills; We should strengthen safety risk management and control, deepen the investigation and management of hidden dangers in tent campsites, eliminate all kinds of hidden dangers in tent campsites, and resolutely prevent safety accidents. We should strengthen public security management, strengthen on-site crowd monitoring and emergency treatment, and encourage the installation of safety management equipment such as monitoring facilities in tent campsites. If a large-scale mass activity is held in a tent campsite, an application for safety license or filing shall be made in a timely manner in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Tent campsite operators should strictly implement the requirements of forest and grassland fire prevention and control and the regulations on the management of fire use in the field, use fire, electricity, oil and gas safely according to the operating specifications, use large-capacity outdoor mobile power carefully, strengthen the publicity and education on fire prevention for tourists, and clearly inform tourists of the safety requirements of fire, electricity, oil and gas use to prevent gas poisoning and other safety accidents. In the camp where fireworks, bonfires, barbecues and cooking can be set off, the business entity should strengthen the management of open flames, ensure that the open flames are far away from flammable materials, and the whole process of using open flames is watched and people go out, and fire-fighting facilities such as fire extinguishers are equipped in the open flame area.

　　Tent campsite operators should implement the main responsibility of disaster warning and release, and strengthen safety management during flood season and extreme weather. According to the special emergency plan for flood control and typhoon prevention in this Municipality, once the flood control and typhoon prevention level III or above response action is started or yellow and above warning information such as gale and blizzard is released in the area where the camp is located, the camp should be closed immediately and the tourists who have been received should be transferred to safe havens.

　　The main business entity of tent campsite should be equipped with emergency rescue places and equipment matching the scale and type of campsite, and contact the hospital clearly. Employees in tent campsites should participate in emergency rescue training and master corresponding first aid skills.

　　The provider of the site where the tent campsite is located shall sign a special safety production and fire safety management agreement with the tent campsite operator to clarify their respective safety management responsibilities. Outdoor safety guide signs and safety tips should be set up in and around the tent campsite, and the safety management of the awning, the wind rope and the ground nail of the tent should be strict. Conditional camps should manage the awning in different areas. Encourage insurance institutions to innovate and launch camping travel and leisure insurance services, and develop insurance products around site responsibility, facilities and property, personal accidents, etc.

　　ecological environment

　　The domestic sewage in the tent campsite should be discharged up to the standard if it meets the pipe-receiving conditions, and it should be treated by pumping if it does not meet the pipe-receiving conditions. It is forbidden to discharge directly into the environment without treatment. It is forbidden to burn straw, litter and other substances that produce smoke and dust. Encourage the promotion of ovens that use clean energy such as electricity. Camping activities are carried out in drinking water source protection areas, and it is forbidden to barbecue and clean vehicles to discharge pollutants, and it is forbidden to throw away camping garbage at will. To implement the management responsibility system of domestic waste classified delivery, garbage classified collection containers should be equipped, and classified delivery and classified collection should be implemented.

　　The provider of the site where the tent campsite is located and the business entity of the tent campsite should jointly formulate the noise control protocol, and do a good job in the publicity, education and guidance of noise pollution prevention and control for tourists. Visitors who violate the noise control regulations and affect the normal life of surrounding residents should be discouraged by the tent camp operators.

　　The provider of the site where the tent campsite is located shall, according to the growth cycle and characteristics of plants such as green space and lawn that have been opened, implement the site rotation system, reasonably plan the opening and greening management cycle of the tent campsite, and ensure the maintenance of a good ecological environment and landscape.

　　Supervision and law enforcement

　　The relevant functional departments of the city and district shall implement the supervision of tent campsites according to these measures and their own responsibilities, and the township governments and sub-district offices shall regularly organize law enforcement inspections of tent campsites. For illegal construction of tent campsites, tent camping operations, and participation in or spontaneous tent camping, relevant functional departments, township governments and sub-district offices shall investigate and deal with them according to laws and regulations.

　　Industrial integration

　　Encourage tent campsite operators to cooperate with cultural, performing arts, fine arts, education and other related institutions, and combine mass activities such as music festivals, art festivals and sports competitions to enrich the service content. Encourage the combination of camping with rural resources, outdoor sports, nature education, leisure and health, etc., to create quality products. Encourage catering, activity organization, take-away delivery and other services to improve the quality of camping tourism and leisure.

　　Build a brand

　　Encourage tent campsites to implement standards related to campsite construction and service, strengthen the guidance of standards, continuously improve hardware facilities, service quality and management level, optimize product quality, and build a tent campsite brand.

　　Publicity and promotion

　　Encourage all kinds of media to adhere to the correct orientation, establish a healthy and civilized concept of tent camping tourism and leisure consumption, and cultivate the tent camping market. Encourage local conditions, highlight characteristics, organize tent camping activities, establish a typical development model of tent camping, and promote the healthy and orderly development of tent camping.

　　Safe and civilized

　　Visitors who participate in or spontaneously carry out tent camping should choose legal campsites or places, and abide by relevant laws, regulations and rules, and shall not engage in illegal activities.

　　Tourists should be the first person responsible for their own safety in tent camping, abide by the safety management requirements and guidance, and do their own safety precautions.

　　Tourists practice the city’s "new seven noes" norms and cultivate civilized, green and safe camping habits; Abide by the requirements for the management of the space scope of the campsite, and consciously do a good job in maintaining public sanitation, maintaining public order, and standardizing the use of public facilities; Standardize the use of awnings, tent wind ropes, ground nails, etc., and take the initiative to remind surrounding tourists to pay attention to safety; Consciously do a good job in classifying domestic garbage and practice the "no trace camping" travel mode.

　　Policy question and answer

　　1. What is the scope of application of these Measures?

　　These Measures are applicable to venues that have clear business entities, are legally operated, meet the needs of mass tourism and leisure, and can provide tent camping services or space.

　　2. What is a legal and compliant tent campsite?

　　Tent campsites have business licenses, and camping projects involving food business, sanitation in public places, high-risk sports, etc. need approval, and have relevant licenses.

　　Tent campsite operators strictly abide by the relevant laws and regulations related to production and operation, make clear the price tag, publicize the tourist information, and provide true and accurate publicity and marketing information.

　　Tent camp operators should hold legal identity certificates and receive regular training.

　　3. Where is it suitable to provide tent camping service?

　　Conditional tourist attractions, tourist resorts, rural revitalization demonstration villages, beautiful countryside demonstration villages, rural tourism key villages, country parks, stock construction land, eco-park belt around the city, theme parks and open leisure forest land.

　　4. What are the safety management requirements?

　　Tent campsite operators should be responsible for the safety management of tent campsites. They should formulate a safety work system, strictly implement safety precautions, strictly abide by the management requirements of fire protection, food, sanitation, disaster prevention, gas, electricity, ecological environment protection, wildlife protection and public health emergencies, strengthen emergency management, hidden danger management, public security management, and strengthen the safety management and emergency rescue management in flood season and extreme weather.

　　Tent campsite operators should strictly implement the requirements of forest and grassland fire prevention and control and the regulations on the management of outdoor fire, use fire, electricity, oil and gas safely in accordance with the operating norms, use large-capacity outdoor mobile power carefully, and strengthen the publicity and education on fire prevention for citizens and tourists; We should strengthen the management of open flames, ensure that open flames are far away from flammable materials, and people will be watched and put out during the whole process, and fire-fighting facilities such as fire extinguishers should be equipped in the open flame area.

　　The business entity of the tent campsite or the site provider where the tent campsite is located shall set up outdoor safety guide signs and safety tips in and around the tent campsite, and strictly manage the safety of the awning, the wind rope of the tent, the ground nails, etc., and the awning shall be managed by zones in conditional camps.

　　5. What are the ecological environment requirements?

　　The domestic sewage in the tent campsite can be discharged to the standard if it meets the standard. If it does not meet the standard, it should be treated by pumping. It is forbidden to discharge it directly to the environment without treatment.

　　It is forbidden to burn straw, litter and other substances that produce smoke and dust. Encourage the promotion of ovens that use clean energy such as electricity.

　　Camping activities in drinking water source protection areas are prohibited, such as barbecue and vehicle cleaning, and it is forbidden to throw away camping garbage at will.

　　Implement the management responsibility system for classified delivery of domestic waste, complete the classified garbage collection containers, and implement classified delivery and classified collection.

　　The site provider where the tent campsite is located and the tent campsite operator should jointly formulate the noise control protocol, do a good job in the publicity, education and guidance of noise pollution prevention and control for camping citizens, and guide camping citizens to sign the noise control protocol and commitment letter. Camping citizens and tourists who violate the noise control regulations and affect the normal life of surrounding residents should be discouraged by tent campsite operators.

　　The provider of the site where the tent campsite is located shall, according to the growth cycle and characteristics of plants such as green space and lawn that have been opened, implement the site rotation system, reasonably plan the opening and greening management cycle of the tent campsite, and ensure the maintenance of a good ecological environment and landscape.

　　6. How to achieve safe and civilized camping?

　　Citizens and tourists who participate in or spontaneously carry out tent camping should choose legal campsites or places, abide by relevant laws, regulations and rules, and shall not engage in illegal activities.

　　Citizen tourists should be the first person responsible for their own safety in tent camping, abide by the safety management requirements and guidance, and do their own safety precautions.

　　Citizen tourists actively practice Shanghai’s "new seven noes" norms, cultivate civilized, green and safe camping habits, and participate in civilized practice volunteer service activities. Abide by the requirements of campsite space scope management, conform to the socialist core values, and consciously do a good job in public environmental sanitation maintenance, public order maintenance, and standardized use of public facilities. Consciously make eye-catching tips such as awning, tent wind rope and ground nail, and take the initiative to remind surrounding tourists to pay attention to safety. Consciously do a good job in sorting and recycling domestic garbage, and actively practice the "no trace camping" travel mode.

On June 10th, a large number of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) groups and their supporters held a grand rally in Tel Aviv, Israel’s most prosperous city. They marched along the main streets of Tel Aviv waving rainbow flags symbolizing minority groups. The "Pride Parade" held in Tel Aviv every summer is one of the most well-known events in Israel. Its scale is famous in the world, and sexual minorities from all over the world come to participate every year. Tel Aviv is one of the most friendly cities to LGBT people in the world. Every year, when the pride parade is held, almost the whole city of Tel Aviv enters carnival activities, and the streets and alleys are filled with rainbow flags.

However, in the holy city of Jerusalem, which is only an hour’s drive from Tel Aviv, its world-famous theme is always religious conflict and conservatism. Jerusalem has the largest orthodox Jewish community in the world, and the voices of sexual minorities are rarely heard. But what most people don’t know is that the "pride parade" has also been going on in Jerusalem for twenty years.

Different from the tolerance and revelry of freedom and openness of sexual orientation shown in Tel Aviv’s parade, the pride parade in Jerusalem is always carried out in protest and shouting. The author participated in the "Pride Parade" in Jerusalem this year, and deeply felt that the theme of this parade was not simply to support LGBT groups, but a struggle between a few Jewish secularists living in Jerusalem, the city known as "Israel’s eternal capital", and left-wing groups.

国旗游行 VS “骄傲游行”

就在特拉维夫“骄傲大游行”举行的十天前，6月2日星期四下午，众多以色列性少数群体，及持性开放态度的自由主义者在西耶路撒冷的自由钟公园（Gan HaPa’amon）集结，他们同样盛装打扮，同样挥舞着各式各样的彩虹旗与标语向耶路撒冷市中心最繁华的乔治王大街与独立公园（Gan HaAtsmaut）进发。

6月2日，耶路撒冷性少数群体的游行队伍。 本文图片均为 作者供图

对特拉维夫这样一座标榜国际化、自由化与世俗主义的现代都市来说，当彩虹旗挂满大街小巷时，标志着特拉维夫进入了狂欢节。同样的符号在耶路撒冷却完全不适用。但耶路撒冷也不甘寂寞，耶路撒冷的狂欢节便是以色列国旗飘扬在耶路撒冷全城之日。每年5月份左右，在耶路撒冷会举行盛大的国旗游行，以纪念1967年第三次中东战争以后以色列从阿拉伯人手中兼并东路撒冷，东西耶路撒冷重新合并为一个城市。理所当然，国旗游行的主题便是宣示以色列对耶路撒冷的主权，以及耶路撒冷是以色列“神圣而不可分割”的首都。

On the day of the national flag parade, the annual mandatory event is that a large number of young Israelis wave the national flag of Israel’s blue and white satellite and flood into Damascus Gate, the Palestinian-inhabited area of Jerusalem, and cross the Muslim area of the old city to reach the Western Wall, the holy place of Judaism. The whole process vented contempt and hatred for the Palestinians. On May 29th this year, a grand flag parade was just held in Jerusalem.

It seems that there are some feelings of singing against the national flag parade. Just five days later, on June 2, the "Pride Parade" followed in Jerusalem. However, unlike the flamboyant style and joyful atmosphere of the national flag parade, the "Pride Parade" appeared tense and angry in the holy city. In order to ensure the safety of the "Pride Parade", the Israeli police blocked all intersections along the parade, and they were guarded by police at intervals. A friend who took part in the parade told me, "I feel that there are more policemen in Jerusalem than people who took part in the parade."

Such a large-scale police protection is due to the fact that in the "pride parade" in Jerusalem in previous years, ultra-orthodox Jews often attacked the "pride" who participated in the parade. They thought that support for homosexuality was not allowed in religion, and these "unclean" people marched in the holy city completely blasphemed God and defiled the holy city. Even the "proud people" who participated in the parade were killed by Jewish orthodox extremists who opposed the parade.

Police on the streets of Jerusalem

Therefore, very different from Tel Aviv, the "Pride Parade" in Jerusalem not only has strict security measures, but also the participants’ emotions are mainly anger, and the slogan also highlights the "equal rights" for sexual minorities.

The slogan most frequently shouted in this parade is "Achad Shtaim Achad Shtaim Ga ‘avah Beyerushalaiim". The implication of this slogan is self-evident, that is, in ordinary times, sexual minorities are not proud in Jerusalem, but live in verbal abuse and personal attacks by various religious groups. Many slogans related to religious issues were also displayed in the procession, such as "Experience the Magic of Creation" and "Chaviv Adam SheNivrah BeTselem". There were also marchers who changed the small round hat (Kippa) worn by Jewish men, one of the symbols of Judaism, into a rainbow color. Obviously, this kind of parade is a protest and demonstration against the religious conservative groups that dominate in Jerusalem. The purpose of the marchers is not only equal rights for sexual minorities, but also the pursuit and maintenance of the secular lifestyle.

A rainbow-colored round hat (Kippa)

It’s not just about the LGBT community

What is even more shocking to the author is that this demonstration shows not only the resistance of secularism and religionism, but also the sympathy for the Palestinians. There are also people in the parade shouting "Enough military occupation!" (Daii LeKibush), "It is illegal to expand settlements!" (Ma’achaz Lo Chuqi) and other slogans of the Israeli left-wing camp. These slogans reflect the affirmative movement pursued by this March, not only for Israel’s sexual minorities, but also for the wider oppressed Palestinians.

These slogans also give us a deeper understanding of this pride parade: that is, different attitudes towards LGBT groups are a microcosm of Israel’s complicated and divided internal politics.

The pride parade in Tel Aviv and Tel Aviv people’s support for the parade not only represent Tel Aviv’s opening and internationalization, but also represent the opposition of secularist groups and left-wing political groups symbolized by Tel Aviv to religious groups and right-wing political groups represented by Jerusalem. Israeli society can also maintain its own pluralism and democracy in such polarization and opposition. In order to vividly describe the extreme division and diversification of Israeli society, some scholars have put forward the concepts of "internationalized Tel Aviv" and "jihadist Jerusalem".

This year’s pride parade in Jerusalem can show the momentum of tit-for-tat with the flag parade, and it is also related to the great changes in Israeli politics.

In June last year, the new Israeli government was established, which ousted former Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his conservative right-wing political and religious ruling Coalition, and formed an "all-political spectrum ruling Coalition" that transcended the ideological dispute between the left and the right. Holovitz, the current Israeli Health Minister, fully demonstrated the political significance of this "Pride Parade". Because Holovitz himself is a homosexual and the leader of the left-wing Jewish party Meretz.

Holovitz’s political party is one of the important members of the current government and controls the Israeli Ministry of Health. At the moment when the epidemic is raging, the first important thing that Holovitz did after he became the Minister of Health was not to target Covid-19, but to approve the inclusion of blood donation of healthy homosexuals in the blood bank. This policy fully shows that one of the aims of Meretz Party is to strive for equal rights for LGBT groups and eliminate discrimination against sexual minorities in Israeli society. What’s more, another aim of the party is to pursue the coexistence of Arabs and Jews and peace between Israel and Palestine.

The sympathy of the "proud people" for the Palestinians has indeed won many Palestinians’ recognition of Israel. Because in Palestinian society, like orthodox Judaism, Islam’s attitude towards sexual minorities is extremely conservative and strict. Therefore, some Palestinian sexual minorities choose to embrace Israel in pursuit of personal freedom and normal life. I once interviewed a Palestinian student studying in Hebrew University. He came from a traditional Muslim family in East Jerusalem. His grandfather was a Palestinian refugee in exile in the Gulf countries, and he was able to return to Jerusalem with his family in the 1990s. However, he abandoned these "proud" identities of many Palestinians and chose to apply for Israeli citizenship. The reason he told is simple: "Because I am a homosexual, I am very sad to live the life I want in the Palestinian community. I prefer the Israeli society because it is more friendly to homosexuals."

It sounds like he can be a "real pride" in Israel. Therefore, it may not be difficult for us to understand the increasing number of Palestinians applying for Israeli citizenship every year released by some Israeli institutions in recent years. These people may not all be LGBT groups, but they are more likely to be individualists who pursue secular life. They may think that in another more diversified and open society, they can have more opportunities to pursue the secular lifestyle they want.

(Liu Bingchen, Ph.D. student, Department of Political Science, Hebrew University, Israel)