Earth model in Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Reporter Guo Jingyuan photo

　　Recently, the China delegation attending the 74th UN General Assembly formally submitted four documents to the UN. Among them, the Report on Global Big Data Supporting Sustainable Development Goals compiled by China Academy of Sciences shows China’s exploration and practice of using global big data technology to support the implementation of the 2030 sustainable development agenda and policy decisions.

　　With the rapid development of science and technology, the blue planet of the earth is becoming more and more "transparent" in the fine network woven with big data. Recently, China Academy of Sciences officially released "Report on Global Big Data Supporting Sustainable Development Goals" (referred to as "Report"). What’s the mystery in the report? Please follow the Economic Daily reporter to find out.

　　Focus on new methods and accumulate new data

　　In 2015, 193 Member States of the United Nations adopted "Changing Our World: Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2030", and countries around the world actively implemented the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the increasingly severe global problems.

　　However, Guo Huadong, head of the Earth Big Data Science Project and academician of China Academy of Sciences, admitted that the monitoring of the implementation process of SDGs is facing arduous challenges. Among them, the serious shortage of indicator data is one of the main challenges in monitoring SDGs: the imperfect and inconsistent data statistical system and the lack of indicator system are the key reasons for the lack of data and low quality. Therefore, it is still a difficult problem to ensure data reliability and scientifically establish SDGs evaluation index system.

　　Guo Huadong showed a set of data to reporters: among the 17 sustainable development goals, 169 specific goals and more than 230 indicators of the sustainable development agenda in 2030, only 45% were assessed with methods and data, 39% were assessed with methods and data, and 16% were assessed without methods and data. "It is the most urgent task for the United Nations to achieve a breakthrough in the evaluation of indicators with methods, no data, no methods and no data."

　　"The evaluation of indicators mainly depends on the investigation of statistical departments in various countries. However, the traditional means of statistical investigation is insufficient in the timeliness, spatial resolution and cost of indicator evaluation, which has been widely recognized around the world." Chen Xiang, a researcher at the Institute of Aerospace Information, China Academy of Sciences, told reporters that some countries are rich in agricultural resources, but because of the lack of methods to evaluate the agricultural situation, they have no food to eat. For example, mango trees in Mozambique are all over the country, but the mango resources are still unclear and have not been effectively utilized.

　　In this regard, Chinese scientists have stepped forward and aimed at "Earth Big Data" to carry out scientific research. "As an important aspect of scientific and technological innovation, big data is bringing new research methods and means to scientific research, which is expected to promote the emergence of a new research paradigm." Guo Huadong said that Earth Big Data is massive, multi-source, heterogeneous, multi-temporal, multi-dimensional, highly coupled, non-stationary and unstructured, and is becoming a new key to understanding the Earth, a new engine for knowledge discovery and a new means of decision support.

　　On January 1, 2018, China Academy of Sciences officially launched the Class A strategic pilot science and technology project "Earth Big Data Science Project", which is dedicated to building a platform for sharing big data and cloud services covering resources, environment, biology, ecology and other fields, and promoting technological innovation in the field of earth big data and major breakthroughs and scientific discoveries in earth system science. The Report on Global Big Data Supporting Sustainable Development Goals is the result of more than one year of special implementation.

　　Guo Huadong introduced that the Report selected a number of typical cases for in-depth study by focusing on specific goals such as zero hunger, clean drinking water and sanitation facilities, sustainable cities and communities, underwater organisms and terrestrial organisms, and the data analysis results presented can provide useful reference for other countries to implement the 2030 Agenda and provide China’s solutions for solving more global and regional sustainable development problems.

　　Typical case interpretation of scientific basis

　　Earlier, IUCN lowered the endangered level of our national treasure giant panda from "endangered" to "vulnerable" according to its own evaluation criteria. Where did the basis for this judgment come from? Is the giant panda really safe?

　　In this issue of the Report, the answer is given. According to the Report, from 1976 to 2013, the population of giant pandas increased, but the habitat since 2001 was smaller and more fragmented than when giant pandas were listed as endangered species in 1988. "Therefore, it is unreasonable to reduce the endangered level of giant pandas simply on the basis of population size. The assessment of endangered category needs to integrate both population and habitat factors in order to carry out protection more objectively." Guo Huadong said.

　　For example, where is the best place for friends to enjoy public transport services conveniently and quickly? In terms of sustainable cities and communities, the Report points out that citizens in Macao, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing have the most convenient access to public transport, and the proportion of public space in Beijing is the highest in the country. The average proportion of people in all provinces in China who can use public transport conveniently is 64.28%, among which the eastern region is generally higher than the central and western regions and the southern provinces are generally higher than the northern provinces. From the scale of prefecture-level cities, the proportion of people who can easily use public transportation in densely populated cities is generally higher than that in sparsely populated cities.

　　In terms of clean drinking water and sanitation facilities, the Report shows that the surface water quality in China improved slightly in 2017 compared with that in 2016, and the surface water quality in the western region was generally better than that in the eastern region, with the surface water quality in Xinjiang and Tibet being the best. After years of continuous treatment, the quality of surface water in China has been significantly improved, but some eastern provinces and cities still need to further improve their treatment level.

　　In this way, 12 research cases about China are presented in this issue of the Report. In addition, the project also carried out in-depth research on data and methods for the global urbanization process, glacier degradation in high Asia, and national water resources situation in Africa and Central Asia.

　　For example, the impact of global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on climate change should be assessed to strengthen education and publicity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning. "We can see that the annual increase of global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration mainly comes from man-made emissions. The occurrence of extreme climate has also enhanced carbon dioxide emissions in some terrestrial ecological areas, leading to an increase in interannual incremental fluctuations. " In this regard, Guo Huadong suggested that while controlling man-made carbon dioxide emissions, we should also scientifically repair and manage sensitive terrestrial ecosystems to reduce the impact of extreme climate on ecosystems.

　　Guo Huadong told reporters that the SDGs assessment progress shown in the Report provides a solid scientific basis for supporting UN agencies to promote sustainable development-related cooperation in the future, and supporting countries related to the Belt and Road Initiative to build a more perfect sustainable development target assessment system.

　　March towards the goal of sustainable development

　　Practice has proved that earth big data, as a new scientific methodology, has great application value and can provide monitoring and evaluation services for sustainable development goals in China and the vast number of developing countries and regions.

　　Guo Huadong said that the sustainable development goals of the United Nations and China’s national development strategy are mutually supportive. This issue of the Report is a scientific and technological innovation platform for China to serve the sustainable development goals of the United Nations, a concrete contribution to the realization of the sustainable development goals by using big earth data, and a realistic case in which China implements a technology promotion mechanism to promote the realization of the sustainable development goals, including data methods, which can be popularized in other countries.

　　The "Earth Big Data Science Project" project takes a longer view. Guo Huadong bluntly said that the ultimate goal of the project is to build an international earth big data science center. These include: launching CASEarth small satellites to improve data acquisition capabilities; Build a basic platform for earth big data cloud services and improve data processing capabilities; Build a digital geoscience platform to improve decision support ability; Monitoring and evaluation of SDGs indicators in global, regional, national and typical regions will be realized around the Belt and Road Initiative and beautiful China.

　　"Special projects can constantly give full play to their own characteristics and advantages, take the technology promotion mechanism as the purpose, invest in high-quality and precise scientific and technological strength, and achieve innovation in many aspects such as data sources, methodologies, implementation cases and decision support for sustainable development goals, and provide more reliable data basis and new research theories and methods for major issues related to sustainable development goals." Guo Huadong said.

　　Promoting the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has become the core task in the field of global development. "More and more countries, regions, organizations and enterprises are participating in it and working together to promote the UN’s sustainable development goals." Zhang Yaping, vice president of China Academy of Sciences, said that in the future, the special project of "Earth Big Data Science Project" will continue to carry out research on sustainable development goals, deepen cooperation inside and outside the institute, at home and abroad, strengthen the integration of relevant research results, and strive for more scientific and technological workers to join in and make greater contributions to the UN Agenda 2030. (Economic Daily China Economic Net reporter Guo Jingyuan)

Geely Automobile can be said to be the most enterprising automobile enterprise in China, and the case of snake swallowing elephant acquisition is still popular today; Shares, the acquisition of Proton, and the acquisition of British Lotus Motor () let people really see the big hand. Of course, what buy buy bought is the foundation of absolute strength. Today, let’s talk about the development history of Geely Automobile.

Geely Holding Group is the earliest and largest private automobile manufacturer in China. It was founded on November 6, 1986, and its predecessor was Huangyan Refrigeration Component Factory located in luqiao district, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province.
In 1997, Geely began to enter the automobile industry. On August 8, 1998, the first car independently developed by Geely, Geely Haoqing hatchback, was officially launched in Linhai.

In fact, the brand Geely was full of controversy at the beginning of its creation. It can be said that 99% of people think that Li Shufu is fooling around, and many people think that it will definitely not last long. The simple reason is its "private" status.In 1997, Geely built a car from scratch, and the exact time for Geely to obtain the license for automobile access was November 9, 2001, and it lasted for four years without government access. China’s entry in 2001 gave Geely the opportunity to officially enter the stage. It became a car manufacturer that met the government’s requirements, but it did not get much financial support.

Is a "China’s first sports car" shape, operated by an Italian design company. Many imitations can be seen back and forth, and the shape resembles a sports car launched in the early days.

Leaning forward and tilting back, the taillights adopt the popular conjoined crystal diamond headlights. In order to show the dynamic of the sports car, even the damping spring is painted bright red, which is not inferior to those authentic brand-name sports cars in appearance and momentum.

Compared with the first generation of Beauty Leopard, the progress of "loong" is obvious. Judging from the front shape, the streamline effect of the "sports car" feeling is relatively prominent. The brand-new enclosure design is believed to improve the air intake effect and the turbulence effect on the air at high speed, and the installation of a large area enclosure also makes the front shape of the car more heavy. The overall effect of the front grille and headlights similar to CC is still harmonious, but the design of the front grille is slightly rustic and does not reflect the "passion" atmosphere of the sports car. Looking closely, the side turn signal of ""adopts a rearview mirror design similar to that of others, and this design isUpscale roomThe car may reflect the sense of dignity, but it seems a bit "silly" to put it on loong.

As a stepping stone to help Geely completely open the domestic market a few years ago, Emgrand is of great significance to Geely. Once this model came out, it won the favor of many consumers with low price and good configuration, which gave China a chance to join the joint venture model. So far, it has accumulated 3.25 million users for Geely.

British media Autocar had a test drive of Geely Emgrand EC7 in Shanghai. They described the problem of rough interior. "But to be honest, the interior of this car is really flattering, which has delayed the impression of appearance. The gray and tan control panels are almost all made of hard plastic, and the plastic at the air outlet looks particularly fragile, and the cover of the storage room on the center console has been wobbling. Judging from the exquisiteness and workmanship of European car interiors, Geely Emgrand EC7 obviously does not pose a threat to European local models. The seat is too hard. There is plenty of legroom in the back seat, but the head space of taller people will be a little cramped. Moreover, the seat belt in the middle seat of the second row of seats is the strangest seat belt we have ever seen, and it has a three-point design with two buckles.

It is one of the three sub-brands that Geely has clearly subdivided into passenger cars. Founded on November 6, 2008, it is a China automobile brand, which mainly produces. this isGeely automobileStrategic transformation is an important measure of brand strategic transformation. Geely Automobile will develop and cultivate 3-4 sub-brands in the next 3-5 years, and complete the brand strategic planning and implement it in order to realize the strategic goal of Geely Automobile. At the upcoming Guangzhou Auto Show, it will also be officially listed as the first model under the brand.

The Global Hawk GC7 is a high-end model of Global Hawk. The biggest highlight of this model is that it is equipped with the first 6-speed automatic manual transmission with independent intellectual property rights. Matching this transmission is the 1.8L equipped on the Emgrand EC7 1.8L model, with a maximum power of 98Kw and a peak torque of 170N?m. The car was officially launched in 2011, and its predecessor was cash. Global Hawk GC7 has a more dynamic shape design, and there is no lack of fashion in details. In short, there is no shadow in its body shape.

At the 2011 Shanghai Auto Show, the SC5-RV under the British brand will be the first time.strike a pose on the stageThe first model will be equipped with a 1.5L engine. The British SC5-RV is positioned as a "new fashion sensory experience car", focusing on fashion and personality labels. It is a stylish and personalized family hatchback specially designed for young consumers.

The British SC7 (Seaview) will be equipped with the DSI 6-speed automatic manual transmission after Geely acquired the Australian DSI transmission for the first time. In domestic passenger cars equipped with automatic transmissions, 80% of automatic transmissions are imported and 20% are from joint ventures. Independent brands are almost blank in automatic transmission, except for a few visible 4AT and CVT.

Volvo (), a famous luxury car brand, was once translated as Regal. The brand was founded in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1927.

In 1999, Volvo Group sold its Volvo car business to Ford Motor Company. In 2010, China automobile enterprises bought Volvo car business from their hands and obtained the ownership of Volvo car brand.

From the black household where Geely started to the map of Geely’s automobile empire, Volvo has successively established brands on the basis of technology.

(Chinese name: Lingke) is made up ofluckyHolding group,Geely automobileThe new era high-end brand, which is jointly established by the Group and Volvo Car Group, integrates European technology, European design, global manufacturing and global sales, and is based on the joint development of Geely Automobile and Volvo Car.

(Chinese name: Polar Star) is a global enterprise jointly owned by Volvo Car Group and Zhejiang Geely Holding Group. High performance brand Polar Star will enjoy the technical and engineering synergy advantages of Volvo Cars and benefit from the strong support of the Group, which enables it to design, develop and mass-produce independent brands of high-performance electric vehicles.

Never give up the dream of luxury cars.

Every step of Geely’s development is amazing, because Geely has a special feeling for luxury cars from the first day of its birth. However, after the launch of Lectra and Polar Star from Geely, all this made everyone sit up and take notice.

Lotus has always been loyal to its brand founder’s concept of "everything is for the driver" and has become a car brand focused on pure driving. Innovative engineering, cutting-edge technology and advanced materials ensure that every Lotus can prove the value of performance through lightweight. Reducing weight is still the most effective means to realize the real connection between the driver and the vehicle and the road, which is the common quality of every car that proudly hangs the logo of Lotus.

At 19:30 pm London time on March 29th (2:30 am Beijing time on March 30th), Lotus launched its first pure electric Hyper SUV, Lotus ELETRE, which officially ushered in the most important milestone in the transformation to an electric and intelligent high-performance automobile brand.

But Lotus’s competitors in the future should not be underestimated, and a challenging road seems to be "beckoning".

According to the information of Feilv Automobile, in the ultra-luxury electric sports car market, Hehe has launched an electric sports car. It has also been announced that its first model will be officially launched in 2023, and its first pure electric vehicle will also be officially launched from 2025 to 2030. In addition, it also said that before 2022, it will fully launch the electrification strategy, and it is planned that more than half of its products will be plug-in hybrid vehicles, and new pure electric vehicles will be launched simultaneously.

Krypton car is a brand-new intelligent pure electric car brand. In April, 2021, Krypton automobile brand and its first model were officially released. Extreme krypton car adheres to the core values of equality, pluralism and sustainability, focusing on the research and development of smart electric travel forward-looking technology, and creating an exclusive extreme krypton model.

In an interview with Xinhua Auto Media, CEO of Extreme Krypton Intelligent Technology said: "The development of the profound industrial base and global superior resources accumulated over the past 35 years has fully empowered the accumulation of extreme Krypton, giving it the courage and confidence to change."

CEVT (China-Europe Automotive Technology Center) is located here and has gathered more than 2,000 automotive engineers from more than 20 countries. CEVT meets the diversified needs of the global market through continuous innovation in modular development, virtual engineering and software system development.

According to the introduction, the company is jointly invested by Geely Automobile and Geely Holding Group, in which Geely Automobile holds 51% of the shares and Geely Holding Group holds 49%. The new company plans to inject 2 billion yuan in cash, and Li Shufu will become the chairman and CEO of the company.

Behind the brief information, it reveals the unusual origin of krypton. Li Shufu and An Conghui personally traded and invested 2 billion yuan in cash. In addition, they also held the vast structure of SEA, and 18 new cars lined up for research and development, which was really domineering as soon as they appeared.

The establishment of krypton also indicates Geely’s all-round progress in the field of new energy.

, extremely krypton smart factory, located in Zhejiang, China.

Summary:

　　In fact, for the development of Geely Automobile, I want to describe it in four words, that is: it is really not easy. Starting from a "black household", I was ridiculed everywhere and persisted for so many years before I got the right to fair competition; After entering the automobile market, we can only rely on the price war to pull the automobile price down from the altar, so that we can have our own place; Then, from poor product quality, to strategic transformation, to the emergence of today’s high-quality huge cars, we are very happy to see that a private enterprise can make cars prosperous and have to be admired.

Bucks "revenge" succeeded. Figure CFP

From being eliminated by 1-4 to completing the "sweeping" by 4-0, the Bucks completed their revenge on the Heat in the most extreme way.

On May 30, Beijing time, the NBA playoffs continued to be fiercely fought. In a group of matchups in the East, the Bucks defeated the Heat 120-103 and completed the "sweep" with a big score of 4-0, becoming the first team to advance in this year’s playoffs. Bucks’ core "letter brother" scored 20 points, 12 rebounds and 15 assists in 36 minutes, helping the team create history.

In another game, the Blazers beat the Nuggets 115-95, making the total score 2-2. Lillard didn’t feel good, but the team’s new aid Powell completed the "redemption" and scored 29 points, tying the personal playoff scoring record.

In addition, the top 40 is about to start, but there is bad news from the national football team. According to domestic media reports, the national football striker Fernando was accidentally injured in training and had to be out of action for at least three weeks, which means that the "scooter" basically missed all four games in the top 40 stage.

The first round of 2020/2021NBA playoffs G4: Milwaukee Bucks vs Miami Heat. People’s visual map

With "sweeping" revenge, the Bucks advanced to the second round of the playoffs.

In fact, at the end of this season’s NBA regular season, when the Bucks encounter the Heat again, the outlook of these two teams has been very different from last year. Most people think that the bucks can advance to the next round, but they didn’t expect that the bucks would use this "extreme" way to complete their revenge on the Heat.

On May 30th, in the fourth game of this round, the Bucks finally defeated their opponents by 120-103. In all four games, the Bucks ended in great victories, and finally became the first team to advance in the eight-group matchup in the playoffs with a total score of 4-0.

In the playoffs last season, when the Bucks were about to be eliminated, the helpless "letter brother" sitting on the bench left that classic expression, but now, his state is completely different. In the farewell game to the Heat, Brother Alphabet played for 36 minutes, made 8 of 18 shots, and scored 20 points, 12 rebounds and 15 assists.

This is the first "triple-double" of "Brother Alphabet" in his playoff career, and he has also become the fifth player in the history of the league to get "20+12+15" in a single playoff game.

On the other hand, Butler, the core of the Heat, changed from the strength of last season to the weakness of this season. In the last game, Butler played for 38 minutes, made 4 of 15 shots, made 0 of 2 three-pointers, and scored 12 points, 10 rebounds and 10 assists. Although he also got the "triple double", Butler’s efficiency was only -18.

According to statistics, Butler averaged 14.5 points, 7.5 rebounds and 7 assists in this series, with a shooting percentage of only 29%, a three-point shooting percentage of 26% and a positive and negative value of only -21.

The core state of the team is not good, so it is naturally difficult for the whole heat to find the state. An interesting detail is that Haslem, the team’s meritorious veteran, stormed off the bench during a timeout and then gave a passionate speech to the players, but he still couldn’t change the fate of being swept away.

This defeat also made the Heat the third team in NBA history to be swept out by a net win of more than 60 points.

The first round of 2020/2021NBA playoffs G4: Denver Nuggets vs Portland Trailblazers. People’s visual map

The Nuggets lost by 20 points, and the Blazers tied the score.

When the bucks "swept" the old rival Heat, the Nuggets became more and more entangled with their old rivals.

On May 30th, in another NBA playoff, Portland Trailblazers at home beat Denver Nuggets 115-95, making the total score of this series 2-2.

In this game, Jokic, the core of Nuggets, was in an average state, making only 7 of 18 shots and 1 of 4 three-pointers with only 16 points and 9 rebounds. Even more worrying data is that Jokic’s personal positive and negative values are as low as -32.

Personal positive and negative values of -32 also set a new low in Jokic’s NBA career (regular season+playoffs). In the 27 minutes he was present, the Nuggets lost by 32 points to the Blazers, and in the 21 minutes he was absent, the Nuggets won by 12 points.

"We were beaten up, which was embarrassing." Nuggets player JaMychal Green said after the game. The team coach Malone said frankly, "We didn’t play hard enough tonight. I can’t believe we’re really talking about playing hard in the playoffs. This (playing hard in the playoffs) should be taken for granted. "

In contrast, the Trailblazers are indeed the better side in this game in terms of desire to win and on-the-spot performance.

In fact, Lillard, the star of the Blazers, didn’t play well either. He made 1 of 10 shots in this game, but the Blazers still won 20 points. The key is that when the star of the Blazers was depressed, other players could stand up-five players in the Blazers scored in double figures, Powell scored 29 points, mccollum scored 21 points, nurkic scored 17 points, and Anthony scored 12 points when he came off the bench.

"When the game goes like this, I just try to adjust. I can’t vote correctly, but I won’t force my hand when I see that others feel good. " Lillard talked about his performance after the game and praised his teammates. "From the beginning, Norman (Powell) found his state, and then CJ (mccollum) also hit the ball. In the restricted area, nurkic can also complete the end. "

Fernando. People’s visual data map

　Fernando has a strain or needs to rest for 3 weeks, and missed the top 40.

On May 30th, the national football team will play Guam in the preliminaries. At the pre-match press conference, the national football coach Li Tie confirmed that Fernando could not play due to injury.

"Because there was a temporary accident two days before the pre-match training, Fernando suffered a little injury and went to the hospital for an examination. From my point of view, he will definitely not be able to play this game and will not be included in the 20-person list. We will see if he can play the next game according to the doctor’s diagnosis and judgment."

Li Tie said at the press conference that whether he can play in the following games will depend on his recovery. However, according to the latest report of Beijing Youth Daily, Fernando was injured before. Usually, he has to rest for at least three weeks, which means that Xiaomoto has basically missed all four national football games in the top 40 stage.

It is worth mentioning that in the top 40, Lei Wu returned from Spain, and naturalized player Fernando was selected for the first time, which obviously improved the strength of the national football front line. However, Fernando’s injury will have a little impact on the employment of the first game of the national football team.

Li Tie said: "Now, for us, playing Guam is more like an encounter, and the opponent has not played any games. We just do our best and play what we have trained on the court and what we have accumulated over the past year."

2021 Belgrade Open Men’s Singles Final: Djokovic won the championship. People’s visual map

Deyo lost four serves and still won.

On May 29th, Beijing time, the 2021 ATP250 Belgrade Open came to an end. Djokovic, the top seed of the tournament, lost four serves, but eventually defeated Morquin, a qualifier, 6-4/6-3 in straight sets, and won the men’s singles championship in Belgrade for the third time after 2009 and 2011.

At the same time, he also raised the number of singles champions on the individual tour to 83, ranking fifth in the overall list of history.

In the first game, both sides broke each other’s serve as soon as they came up. In the middle stage, the break-breaking war continued. Finally, Djokovic won the first set 6-4 by relying on the advantage of keeping one game more. In the second set, the game returned to the normal track, and Djokovic only lost one serve point in his first three serves.

In the 6th game, Deyo took the lead in breaking Morquin’s serve in the tug-of-war, but then his own serve was not saved, and Morquin immediately broke it back. Fortunately, in the eighth game, Djokovic once again seized the opportunity to successfully break again, and kept his serve steady in the ninth game, thus winning the next game with 6-3, and then beating Morquin with a big score of 2-0 to win the second championship of the season to welcome the arrival of the French Open.

Deyo also became the sixth player to win two singles titles on the ATP Tour this season after Bachelard Shvili, Hulkaqi, Nadal, Sisyphas and Zvilev Jr.

At the same time, this is also the 16th clay championship won by the Serbian King in his career.

Zhuge Yujie, member of the Standing Committee of the Municipal Party Committee, secretary-general of the Municipal Party Committee and secretary of the Party Committee of municipal organs, announced the opening of the event. Wangjiabin photography

Always Follow the Party: Opening of Shanghai City Walking Carnival and Municipal Government Sports Meeting

In order to warmly celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), on May 30th, the activity "Always Follow the Party, Shanghai City Walking Carnival and Municipal Organ Games" jointly sponsored by the Organization Department of the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Sports Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions and the Minhang District Government kicked off in Minhang Gymnasium. Zhuge Yujie, member of the Standing Committee of the Municipal Party Committee, secretary-general of the Municipal Party Committee and secretary of the Party Committee of municipal organs, announced the opening of the event.

About 2500 government officials and representatives of industrial workers participated. Wangjiabin photography

Mo Fuchun, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress and chairman of the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions, and Chen Qun, deputy mayor attended. About 2500 government officials and representatives of industrial workers participated. The majority of party member cadres have expressed that they should take the opportunity of celebrating the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and Do not forget your initiative mind should keep in mind its mission, constantly create new miracles and show a new atmosphere.

Summer middle school football match.

"Haigang-SAIC" Cup Xinmin Evening News Summer Middle School Football Competition started in five major divisions.

On May 29th, 2021, the 36th "Harbor-SAIC" Cup Xinmin Evening News Summer Middle School Football Match kicked off. The event launched a brand-new slogan-dream the future, set sail new.

It is reported that this year’s evening paper cup will create two concepts: "the most competition areas and the richest’ new’ ideas". This year, evening paper cup actively responded to the national strategy of integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and went out of Shanghai for the first time to build a platform for youth football competition in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, and to build three major competition areas: Huangshan in Anhui, Taizhou in Zhejiang and Suzhou in Jiangsu.

Under the guidance of Shanghai’s social responsibility to help Xinjiang, this year, evening paper cup will give full play to its public welfare attributes, open up the Kashgar Division in Xinjiang, and bring football happiness to local teenagers with green dreams.

It is worth mentioning that at the evening paper cup finals in August this year, the organizing committee will invite the champion team of the Shanghai Division to compete with the champion teams of the other four divisions in the "Harbour-SAIC Cup Xinmin Evening News Summer Middle School Football Tournament", which will start a wonderful showdown between the champion teams and help the high-level youth in China learn football skills.

Wu Lei, a striker of China’s national team and now playing for Spanish in La Liga, has served as the ambassador of Xinmin evening paper cup for two consecutive years, and had a live exchange of skills with Shanghai football teenagers. This year, the tournament welcomed Oscar, the captain of Shanghai Harbour Football Club and a famous star, and he officially became the image ambassador of this tournament.

During the competition, Oscar will come to the edge of the competition to interact with the participating students. At the same time, Li Shenglong, a seaport player, and Abram Khan, respectively, served as a dream assistant in the Shanghai Division and a public welfare ambassador for public welfare action in Xinjiang.

In addition, the long-awaited mascot "Yan Xiaoxin" officially appeared. "Yan Xiaoxin" is inspired by the slogan of the organizer Xinmin Evening News Agency "Flying into the homes of ordinary people". Since this tournament, this cute swallow will witness and accompany the growth of generations of football teenagers.

In order to do a good job in the vaccination work in Covid-19 of the whole army, further popularize the vaccination knowledge, and ensure that the vaccination work of the whole army is scientific, rigorous, safe and standardized, and vigorously and orderly and effectively promoted, recently, the reporter interviewed experts related to the joint prevention and control mechanism of the army in response to public health emergencies.

Reporter: What is Covid-19 vaccine and what kinds are there at present?

Expert: Covid-19 vaccine, called novel coronavirus preventive vaccine, is an innovative vaccine to prevent and control diseases caused by Covid-19 infection. Domestic Covid-19 vaccine research and development technologies are mainly divided into five types, namely: inactivated vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine, attenuated influenza virus vector vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine. Up to now, there are four kinds of vaccines in China, such as inactivated vaccines from Sinopharm Group Co., Ltd. "Zhongsheng Wuhan" and "Zhongsheng Beijing", inactivated vaccines from Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and adenovirus vector vaccine developed by Academy of Military Sciences and Kangxinuo Company, which have been approved for conditional listing. The recombinant protein vaccine jointly developed by Institute of Microbiology of China Academy of Sciences and Anhui Zhifeilong Kema Company agreed to be used urgently after evaluation and demonstration.

Reporter: Is it necessary for the general population to get novel coronavirus vaccine?

Expert: novel coronavirus is a new virus, and almost everyone is susceptible to novel coronavirus, so it is very necessary to get vaccinated. As a group that needs to perform all kinds of tasks at any time, military personnel should be vaccinated except for contraindications.

Reporter: What are the main features of recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector) compared with other COVID-19 vaccines approved by China?

Expert: At present, COVID-19 inactivated vaccine needs to be vaccinated twice in the whole process, and it is recommended that the interval between two doses should not be less than 28 days. Those who need to complete the whole process of COVID-19 inactivated vaccine as soon as possible because of going abroad or working in high-risk areas can be vaccinated twice with COVID-19 inactivated vaccine at the shortest interval specified in the vaccine instructions; The recombinant protein vaccine jointly developed by Institute of Microbiology, China Academy of Sciences and Anhui Zhifeilong Kema Company needs to be inoculated three times. Inoculation is to make the antibody reach a certain level to resist the disease. Generally speaking, inactivated vaccines need to be vaccinated many times, and the immunity should be strengthened regularly to achieve sufficient antibody titer in the body. The first vaccination usually does not provide protection, and the protective immune response usually occurs after the second dose of vaccination.

Recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector) only needs to be inoculated with one dose, which can produce cellular immunity and humoral immunity after 14 days of inoculation, providing double protection for human body. It is the only single-dose COVID-19 vaccine approved for use in China.

Reporter: What is the principle of adenovirus vector technology?

Expert: human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) is a common respiratory virus. After being modified, Ad5 will not replicate in human body. Insert the gene encoding Covid-19 spike protein (S protein) into Ad5 vector, which is equivalent to rocket and S protein gene is equivalent to satellite. The vector carries the S protein gene into human cells to synthesize Covid-19 S protein, and S protein is used as antigen to stimulate the immune response of the body. Only Covid-19’s S protein enters the human body, and there are no other Covid-19 components.

Reporter: What is the protective effect of recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector) and its protective effect on Covid-19 mutant?

Expert: At present, the data of global phase III clinical trials show that after 14 days of single injection of recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector), the protective effect on severe COVID-19 is 95.5%, and the overall protective effect on all symptoms of COVID-19 is 68.8%. The results of neutralizing antibody cross experiment showed that the vaccine had protective effect on Covid-19 mutant.

Reporter: How safe is the vaccine in Covid-19?

Expert: Covid-19 vaccines, like other vaccines, have a series of safeguards for quality and safety management, and there are clear requirements in the process of vaccine research and development and production. Vaccines must undergo strict animal experiments and clinical research before they are registered, and a strict batch issuance system should be implemented before they are used. Therefore, the vaccines approved by the state for marketing are all safe and effective to meet the qualified standards.

The recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector) was approved for conditional marketing in National Medical Products Administration based on the results of Phase III clinical trials conducted by more than 40,000 people in five foreign countries, and the vaccine was safe. Up to now, hundreds of thousands of people have been vaccinated, and no serious adverse reactions related to vaccination have been found.

Reporter: What are the main adverse reactions that may occur after the recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector) is inoculated?

Expert: Like any other vaccine, there may be some common adverse reactions after inoculation with recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector). After summarizing all the adverse reactions collected in the clinical trials of phase I, II and III vaccines and in emergency use, the common adverse reactions at the inoculation site are pain, swelling, itching, erythema and induration. Common systemic adverse reactions include fever, headache, fatigue, myalgia, lethargy, nausea and diarrhea. The severity of adverse reactions observed in this series of clinical trials is mainly Grade 1 (mild), and the incidence of adverse reactions of Grade 3 and above is 7.40%. For those with fever, antipyretic drugs can be taken, and other common adverse reactions generally do not need special treatment, and usually can be relieved within 48 hours. If the symptoms are serious or you can’t judge the severity by yourself, you should seek medical advice in time.

Reporter: Who are the people who are not allowed to vaccinate in Covid-19?

Expert: Vaccination contraindications for vaccines in Covid-19 must be strictly observed in Covid-19’s vaccine instructions. Usually, people who are seriously allergic to vaccines or any ingredients in vaccines are contraindicated. For patients with fever, acute diseases and acute authors of chronic diseases, they generally belong to the object of suspension of vaccination.

Reporter: Can people in allergic period be vaccinated with recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector)?

Expert: Allergy is an important factor for doctors to consider when vaccinating. People who are allergic to vaccines or vaccine ingredients and have had allergic reactions to vaccination in the past are not suitable for vaccination; People with other serious allergic history (such as asthma, severe eczema, etc.) are not recommended to be vaccinated; For allergic people with pollen allergy, nasal congestion, runny nose or slight rash, it is recommended to stagger the allergic period, and the mild symptoms can be vaccinated according to the doctor’s advice.

Reporter: Can cancer patients and people with chronic diseases be vaccinated with recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector)?

Expert: People with nervous system diseases and immune system diseases are not suitable for vaccination. Basic patients such as diabetes and hypertension that can be controlled by drugs can be vaccinated during the stable period. For cancer patients, it is necessary to consult oncologists and determine whether they can be vaccinated according to the drug use.

Reporter: What are the precautions before and after Covid-19 vaccination?

Expert: Before vaccination, the vaccination doctor will ask about the health status, please tell the relevant information truthfully; After the inoculation is completed, it is necessary to keep on-site observation for 30 minutes, keep the injection site dry on the day of inoculation, pay attention to personal hygiene and arrange rest properly; Avoid contact with previously known allergens and common allergens within one week after inoculation, and try not to drink alcohol, eat spicy food or seafood. It is recommended to have a light diet and drink plenty of water.

Reporter: If there are serious adverse reactions after vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine, how should I report and handle them?

Expert: According to past experience, acute adverse reactions after vaccination usually appear within 30 minutes after vaccination. Please keep under observation as required and inform the doctor at the vaccination site in time. If there are serious adverse reactions after leaving the inoculation site, you should seek medical treatment in time and report to the doctor at the inoculation site.

Reporter: How long is the immune persistence of Covid-19 vaccine? Is it necessary to strengthen immunization?

Expert: At present, the immunization program of recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector) is one dose, and the observation of immune persistence after single dose vaccination is still in progress. The current data prove that it is effective within at least 6 months. Previously, the vaccine research and development team observed the immune persistence of Ebola vaccine using the same adenovirus vector technology and found that it still had a high antibody level after two years of inoculation.

Reporter: Can recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector) and inactivated COVID-19 vaccine be used together?

Expert: At present, there is no relevant information about alternative vaccination and combined application. Please refer to the national policy guidance and COVID-19 vaccine instructions.

Reporter: Will nasopharyngeal swab test positive for nucleic acid after inoculation with recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (adenovirus vector)?

Expert: No. The nucleic acid test is Covid-19 gene, and the current vaccine will not cause COVID-19, nor will it make Covid-19 nucleic acid test positive because of vaccination.

Reporter: Can Covid-19 vaccine be inoculated with other vaccines such as HPV vaccine, influenza vaccine and rabies vaccine?

Expert: It is not recommended to vaccinate with other vaccines at the same time. It is recommended to vaccinate with other vaccines at least 2 weeks apart to minimize unexpected interaction, and at the same time, it is necessary to closely observe the reaction after vaccination.

Reporter: Is it necessary to vaccinate people who have had COVID-19 or who have no symptoms?

Expert: The existing research data show that it is rare to get reinfected in Covid-19 within 6 months after infection. Previous COVID-19 virus-infected people (patients or asymptomatic infected people) can receive one dose after 6 months on the basis of full notification.

Reporter: Do I still need to wear a mask after Covid-19 vaccination?

Expert: Before the population immune barrier is established, even if some people are vaccinated, everyone’s awareness of prevention and control and prevention measures cannot be relaxed. On the one hand, the success rate of vaccine immunization is not 100%, and a small number of vaccinated people may get sick during the epidemic period, which is related to the characteristics of the vaccine itself and the personal physique of the recipients; On the other hand, in the absence of an immune barrier, Covid-19 is still easy to spread.

Reporter: Do you need to check the antibody production? How to check the antibody? If it is negative, do you need to replant?

Expert: It is not recommended to check antibodies. The production of specific antibodies in human body is generally obtained by natural infection or vaccination. It is suggested that anyone who meets the vaccination conditions should be vaccinated as long as they are not clearly infected with Covid-19 or have suffered from COVID-19, and there is no need to test antibodies before and after vaccination.

Reporter: Do you still need to do nucleic acid testing after Covid-19 vaccination?

Expert: Vaccination can reduce the risk of infection to a certain extent, but the protective effect of any vaccine can not reach 100%. If necessary, we should still cooperate with relevant departments to carry out nucleic acid testing.

Phoenix Network Technology News (Author/Jia Nan) On November 17th, the Qualcomm Snapdragon Summit held in Hawaii entered the second day. Following the release of the second generation Snapdragon 8 mobile platform yesterday, today’s content will mainly focus on terminal platforms other than smart phones. For the augmented reality (AR) platform, Qualcomm launched the first generation AR2 platform in Snapdragon, and the next generation CPU core Oryon in Qualcomm.

As a part of Qualcomm’s augmented reality product, the first generation Snapdragon AR2 was manufactured by 4nm process, and adopted multi-chip distributed processing architecture and customized IP modules, including an AR processor, an AR coprocessor and a connection platform. On the basis that the space occupied by the main processor is reduced by 40% compared with the previous first-generation Snapdragon XR2 platform, the AR performance of the first-generation Snapdragon AR2 is improved by 2.5 times, while the power consumption is reduced by 50%, and the power consumption of AR glasses is allowed to be less than 1W.

At the same time, through this platform, AR devices can classify data: delay-sensitive content such as games and videos will be directly sent to head-mounted devices for processing, while other more complex data requirements will be handed over to compatible devices such as smartphones and PCs equipped with Opteron processors.

As an AR processor, the first generation Snapdragon AR2 supports up to nine concurrent cameras for user and environment understanding. At the same time, the perceptual performance of its hardware acceleration engine, AI accelerator and re-projection engine has also been improved. The AR coprocessor included in the platform can support eye tracking and iris authentication for visual focus rendering by aggregating camera and sensor data.

In terms of connectivity, the first generation of Snapdragon AR2 platform integrates the FastConnect 7800 connection system of Qualcomm and supports the connection of Wi-Fi 7. Officials say that it can reduce the time between AR glasses and mobile phones or host terminals to less than 2 milliseconds.

In addition to the first generation Snapdragon AR2 platform, Qualcomm also released the second generation Qualcomm S5 audio platform and the second generation Qualcomm S3 audio platform. Both of them support the Snapdragon Sound high unobstructed listening technology, and are optimized for the second generation Snapdragon 8 mobile platform, supporting dynamic spatial audio, lossless music streaming, 48ms low delay, LE Audio and the third generation Qualcomm adaptive active noise reduction technology.

In addition, Qualcomm also announced its next-generation CPU core in Snapdragon platform-ORYON, which is expected to be delivered in 2023.

Yuefu [2014] No.6

Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Printing and Distributing Air Pollution in Guangdong Province

Notice of Prevention and Control Action Plan (2014-2017)

People’s governments at the local level and listed, people’s governments of counties (cities, districts), departments and institutions directly under the provincial government:

　　The Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Guangdong Province (2014-2017) is hereby printed and distributed to you, please earnestly organize its implementation.

people’s government of guangdong province

February 7, 2014

Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Guangdong Province

(2014-2017)

　　This action plan is formulated to implement the Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control (Guo Fa [2013] No.37) and the Letter of Responsibility for Air Pollution Prevention and Control Targets in Guangdong Province signed by the provincial government and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and to continuously improve the ambient air quality in the whole province.

　　I. Work objectives

　　By 2017, strive to fine particulate matter (PM) in the Pearl River Delta region_2.5) The average annual concentration is the first to reach the standard in the national key control areas. The air quality in the province has obviously improved, the heavily polluted weather has been greatly reduced, and the number of excellent days has increased year by year. The inhalable particulate matter (PM) in the province₁₀The average annual concentration is 10% lower than that in 2012, and the sulfur dioxide (SO) in cities in the Pearl River Delta region₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and the average annual concentration of inhalable particles reach the standard; The average annual concentration of fine particles in the Pearl River Delta region is about 15% lower than that in 2012, and ozone (O_three) the pollution situation has improved; Compared with the average annual concentration of fine particles in 2012, Guangzhou, Foshan (including Shunde District) and Dongguan decreased by 20%, while Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing decreased by 15%. The average annual concentration of fine particles in Zhuhai and Huizhou does not exceed 35 μ g/m3; The ambient air quality of cities outside the Pearl River Delta region meets the requirements of national standards, with the average annual concentration of inhalable particulate matter not exceeding 60 μ g/m3 and fine particulate matter not exceeding 35 μ g/m3.

　　Second, the key tasks

　　(1) Deepen the treatment of industrial sources and promote desulfurization and denitrification.

　　1. Further promote pollution reduction of power plants. Strengthen the emission reduction of sulfur dioxide in power plants, and no desulfurization bypass shall be set for new thermal power units. Before the end of 2014, all desulfurization facilities of coal-fired units in the province will cancel the flue gas bypass; We will promote the transformation of coal-fired units in the furnace desulfurization process, and upgrade the desulfurization facilities that cannot meet the emission standards stably. By 2015, the comprehensive desulfurization rate of all coal-fired thermal power units with a capacity of more than 125,000 kilowatts in the province will reach over 95%. Promote the project of nitrogen reduction and denitrification in power plants, and popularize the dry low-nitrogen combustion technology of gas-fired units. By the end of 2014, all the coal-fired thermal power units (excluding circulating fluidized bed boiler generating units) in service in the province with more than 125,000 kilowatts have completed the transformation of low-nitrogen combustion and flue gas denitrification, and the circulating fluidized bed boiler generating units that cannot stably meet the emission standards should increase the flue gas denitrification facilities, and the comprehensive denitrification efficiency will reach over 85%. From July 1, 2014, all coal-fired units in the Pearl River Delta region will implement the special emission limit of smoke and dust in the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants (GB13223—2011), and other regions will implement the emission limit of smoke and dust.

　　2. Comprehensively promote boiler pollution control. In strict accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Guangdong Province on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Total Emission Reduction of Major Pollutants in the Second Half of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province (Guangdong Government Office [2013] No.47), we will promote the pollution control of industrial boilers and complete the control task. Actively promote the central heating in industrial (industrial) parks, complete the central heating planning of industrial parks and industrial clusters in the whole province before the end of April 2014, cancel the highly polluting fuel boilers used in the central heating range, and accelerate the planning and construction of central heating projects in Dongguan, Zhaoqing, Zhongshan and other cities. Before the end of 2015, the industrial (industrial) parks with useful heat demand in the Pearl River Delta region will basically realize central heating, and the central heating volume in the province will account for about 30% of the total heating scale; Before the end of 2017, all the industrial (industrial) parks with useful heat demand in the province and the industrial clusters with useful heat demand in the Pearl River Delta region will realize central heating, and the central heating volume in the province accounts for about 80% of the total heating scale.

　　3. Strengthen comprehensive pollution control in other industries. We will promote the construction of nitrogen reduction and denitrification projects and high-efficiency dust removal facilities in the cement industry. The new dry-process cement clinker production line with a scale of more than 2,000 tons/day will complete the transformation of low-nitrogen combustion and flue gas denitrification as required, and the new dry-process cement clinker production line with a scale of less than 2,000 tons/day (excluding this number) will gradually implement the transformation of low-nitrogen combustion. Before the end of 2015, building ceramic kilns and flat glass manufacturers with a scale of more than 700,000 square meters/year and a fuel sulfur content of more than 0.5% must switch to clean energy or install flue gas desulfurization and efficient dust removal facilities. Flue gas desulfurization of iron and steel sintering machine, pelletizing equipment and petrochemical catalytic cracking unit was carried out, and the comprehensive desulfurization efficiency reached over 85%; Before the end of 2014, all petroleum catalytic cracking units in the province will be desulfurized, before the end of 2015, all steel sintering machines in the province will be desulfurized, and before the end of 2017, all steel sintering machines in the province will be denitrated.

　　(2) Reduce volatile organic compounds and focus on controlling ozone pollution.

　　1. Promote the emission control of volatile organic compounds from industrial sources. Focus on strengthening the comprehensive control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in petroleum refining and chemical industry, and fully popularize LDAR technology. Before the end of 2015, all petroleum refining enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region will apply LDAR technology, and before the end of 2017, all key enterprises in the province, such as petroleum refining enterprises, organic chemicals and pharmaceutical chemicals, will fully apply LDAR technology. Strengthen the comprehensive treatment of organic waste gas from petroleum refining, and install waste gas recovery or terminal treatment devices in production process units such as process exhaust, storage tanks, waste gas combustion towers (torches) and waste water treatment. By the end of 2015, the oil refining and chemical enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region will complete the comprehensive treatment of organic waste gas, and by the end of 2017, the oil refining and chemical enterprises in other regions will complete the comprehensive treatment of organic waste gas.

　　2. Implement emission control of volatile organic compounds in typical industries. Manufacturers of paints, inks, adhesives, pesticides, etc. should adopt closed integrated production technology, uniformly collect volatile organic waste gas and purify it, and the purification efficiency should be greater than 90%. Encourage the production and use of water-based, non-organic solvent-based and low-organic solvent-based products that meet environmental requirements, and increase the proportion of environmentally-friendly paints. Deepen the treatment of volatile organic compounds emission standards in printing, furniture, surface painting (automobile manufacturing), shoe making, container manufacturing, electronic equipment manufacturing and other industries. By the end of 2015, the Pearl River Delta region will complete key corporate governance tasks, and other regions will complete key corporate governance tasks by the end of 2017. Strengthen the emission control of volatile organic compounds during the storage, transportation and sales of oil (fuel oil and solvent), and install closed collection systems for storage tanks and vehicles. Before the end of 2014, the gas stations, oil storage tanks, tanker trucks and storage tanks of chemical enterprises in the province will complete the construction of oil and gas recovery control and online monitoring system for oil and gas recovery.

　　3. Carry out emission control of volatile organic compounds from domestic sources. Promote the use of water-based or low-volatile architectural coatings, wood paints and adhesives that meet the requirements of environmental protection in the building decoration industry, and gradually reduce the use of organic solvent-based coatings. All localities should establish a government green procurement system for coating products, and give priority to water-based or low-volatile products in government-invested projects. Eliminate open dry cleaning machines in clothing dry cleaning industry, and promote the use of closed dry cleaning machines equipped with refrigeration solvent recovery system. Strengthen the pollution control of cooking fume. Before the end of 2015, all catering enterprises and unit canteens that emit cooking fume in the urban built-up areas in the Pearl River Delta region will be equipped with efficient cooking fume purification facilities, and the normal utilization rate of the facilities will not be less than 95%; Before the end of 2017, all catering enterprises and unit canteens that emit fumes in urban built-up areas in other regions will install efficient fume purification facilities. Promote the use of high-efficiency and clean household range hoods. No open-air barbecue or open-air catering processing with oil fume is allowed in the main urban area of each city. At least one typical region is selected for listing at all levels to carry out online monitoring pilot of large-scale catering enterprises and establish a long-term supervision mechanism.

　　(3) Develop green transportation and reduce the pollution discharge of mobile machinery and equipment.

　　1. Strengthen urban traffic management. Implement the public transport priority development strategy, optimize the layout of public transport network, strengthen the construction of pedestrian and bicycle transportation systems, increase the proportion of public transport, pedestrian and bicycle trips, and reasonably control the number of motor vehicles. Vigorously implement the demonstration project for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, and strive to reach more than 60% of the new buses in Guangzhou and Shenzhen every year. Accelerate the renewal of old vehicles in various industries and promote the use of new energy and clean energy vehicles. Vigorously develop green freight transportation, and promote drop-and-drop transportation. From January 1, 2015, logistics parks and cargo distribution centers in the Pearl River Delta region will use vehicles that meet the national emission standards above III to transport goods.

　　2. Improve the environmental protection entry threshold for new cars. Strengthen the management of new car registration and transfer of foreign vehicles, and carry out new car registration and transfer registration in strict accordance with the national catalogue of environmentally-friendly vehicles. Gradually improve the emission standards for new vehicles, and implement the national V light gasoline vehicle emission standards in the Pearl River Delta region and the national V diesel vehicle emission standards in the whole province ahead of schedule after approval by the state. Fully implement the fuel consumption limit standard and access system for road transport vehicles, and newly purchased vehicles that do not meet the limit standard shall not enter the road transport market.

　　3. Strengthen the prevention and control of vehicle pollution in use. Strengthen the capacity building of motor vehicle environmental protection supervision, fully implement the system of regular inspection and maintenance of motor vehicle environmental protection, establish and improve the information system of motor vehicle environmental protection inspection and supervision, and the data of motor vehicle environmental protection management in various places must be networked with the Provincial Environmental Protection Department. Before the end of 2014, the regular detection rate of environmental protection of motor vehicles in all localities should reach more than 80%. Increase the sampling inspection of motor vehicle parking places and roads. Accelerate the issuance of environmental protection inspection marks for motor vehicles. Before the end of 2014, the issuance rate of environmental protection inspection marks in the province should reach more than 90%. Vehicles that have not obtained environmental protection inspection marks and vehicles with excessive exhaust gas are not allowed to drive on the road. Before the end of 2015, we will complete the special action of the province’s overdue annual inspection of vehicles. If we fail to obtain the motor vehicle inspection mark within three consecutive motor vehicle inspection cycles after the expiration of the inspection validity period, we will be forced to scrap it according to law. Study on shortening the mandatory retirement period of taxis and encourage the replacement of efficient exhaust gas purification devices every year.

　　4. Accelerate the elimination of "yellow label vehicles". For vehicles that have reached the mandatory retirement age and have not gone through the retirement procedures, they shall be forcibly cancelled according to law and the license plate shall be declared invalid. We will fully implement the "yellow-label vehicle" restriction measures. By the end of 2015, the area of "yellow-label vehicle" restriction areas in cities in the Pearl River Delta region will account for no less than 40% of the urban built-up area, and the area of other cities will not be less than 30%. Promote the establishment of an electronic law enforcement system in the restricted area, and capture the "yellow label car" entering the restricted area in real time and punish it according to law. All localities should increase subsidies for the early elimination of "yellow-label vehicles", ensure that by 2015, the province will eliminate all "yellow-label vehicles" registered before the end of 2005, and basically eliminate all "yellow-label vehicles" in the Pearl River Delta region, and basically eliminate "yellow-label vehicles" in the whole province by 2017.

　　5. Accelerate the upgrading of oil quality. Since 2014, the province has fully supplied Guangdong IV vehicle gasoline and national IV vehicle diesel; Pay close attention to the release of Guangdong V oil product standards, and fully supply Guangdong V motor gasoline in the Pearl River Delta region before the end of 2014; Before the end of June 2015, Guangdong V motor gasoline and China V motor diesel were fully supplied in the province. Strengthen the supervision and inspection of oil quality, and gas stations shall not sell and supply substandard automobile gasoline and diesel oil.

　　6. Promote emission reduction of ships, ports and other mechanical equipment. Promote cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao to control pollution emissions from ocean-going ships. The newly-built cruise terminal in the Pearl River Delta region must be equipped with shore power facilities, and the newly-built container terminal with a tonnage of over 100,000 tons must be equipped with shore power facilities or reserve space and capacity for the construction of shore power facilities. Before the end of 2017, the province’s crude oil and refined oil terminals will complete the comprehensive management of oil and gas. Improve the energy consumption structure of ports, speed up the process of "changing oil into electricity" and "changing oil into gas" for mobile machinery, transport vehicles and trailers in ports, and encourage the pilot reform of liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel power for ships. By the end of 2017, the "oil-to-electricity" work of RTG in major coastal and inland ports will be basically completed. From January 1, 2014, the national I marine engine emission standard will be implemented, and by the end of 2017, working ships and port management ships will basically use shore power when berthing. Strengthen the emission management of off-road mobile machinery, carry out environmental protection management of construction machinery, and promote the installation of air pollutant aftertreatment devices.

　　(four) to strengthen non-point source remediation, control dust and toxic gas emissions.

　　1. Strengthen construction and road dust pollution control. Popularize the prevention and control technology of construction dust pollution, and establish a dynamic information base of dust sources and an online monitoring system of particulate matter. Actively promote green construction, urge the construction unit to implement dust prevention and control measures such as closing the enclosure on the construction site, setting washing facilities, and hardening the road. Open operation is strictly prohibited. The construction site muck and powdery materials in the main urban area of each city should be gradually transported in a closed way and equipped with satellite positioning devices. Construction sites with a total construction area of more than 100,000 square meters must standardize the installation of dust video monitoring equipment. Actively promote low-dust operation methods such as mechanized cleaning of urban roads, popularize the new cleaning technology of "sucking, sweeping, flushing and harvesting", increase the frequency of road washing and cleaning, and effectively reduce the dust load on roads. Increase the intensity of road cleaning under unfavorable meteorological conditions and increase the number of sprinklers.

　　2. Remediation of dust pollution in the storage yard. Bulk material storage yard should be closed for storage or wind and dust suppression facilities should be built. For docks below 1000 tons (excluding this number), technologies such as dry fog and spray dust removal should be used to reduce the dust drift rate, and for docks above 1000 tons, the construction of wind and dust suppression nets and the transformation of closed transportation systems should be completed. For the wastes piled up for a long time, measures should be taken, such as covering green, paving, hardening and spraying dust suppressant or stabilizer regularly. Actively promote the comprehensive utilization of fly ash, slag and slag, and reduce the amount of stacking. By the end of 2015, the key port areas in the Pearl River Delta region will complete the task of comprehensive control of dust pollution, and by the end of 2017, all port areas in the Pearl River Delta region and other key port areas will complete the task of comprehensive control of dust pollution.

　　3. Strictly control the emission of toxic gases. According to the requirements, the demonstration project of dioxin emission reduction will be implemented in key industries such as renewable non-ferrous metal production, steelmaking production, waste incineration and cremation of remains in stages, and the supervision and monitoring of dioxins will be carried out regularly every year for waste incineration power plants. It is forbidden to burn substances that may produce toxic and harmful smoke and odor in the open air or use them as fuel. Take the emission control of toxic air pollutants as an important part of the EIA approval of construction projects. To study and formulate control standards for the emission of toxic and harmful substances such as mercury and lead from coal burning.

　　(five) strict environmental access, control the increase of atmospheric pollutants.

　　1. Strictly implement the EIA system. Improve the linkage mechanism between planning EIA and project EIA, strictly manage the EIA of major projects, and incorporate the fine particles and ozone standards into the planning EIA and related project EIA. Projects that have not passed the EIA review are strictly prohibited from starting construction and operation.

　　2. Strengthen total pollutant control. Improve the measures for the management of the total discharge of major pollutants in construction projects, and take whether the discharge of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, smoke dust and volatile organic compounds meets the requirements of total control as a prerequisite for the approval of environmental impact assessment. Accelerate the formulation of supporting policies for the total emission management of inhalable particulate matter and volatile organic compounds. Regional restrictions will be implemented in areas that have not completed the task of reducing the emission of major atmospheric pollutants. Except for livelihood projects, the approval of projects that discharge corresponding atmospheric pollutants will be suspended.

　　3. Implement pollutant reduction and substitution. For construction projects that emit sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the Pearl River Delta region will implement the substitution of 2 times the reduction of active sources, and other regions will implement the substitution of 1.5 times the reduction of active sources. For construction projects that emit inhalable particulate matter and volatile organic compounds, the Pearl River Delta region will gradually implement reduction substitution, and other regions will implement equivalent or reduction substitution.

　　4. Improve the air emission standards of key industries. According to the Announcement of the Ministry of Environmental Protection on Implementing Special Emission Limits of Air Pollutants (No.14, 2013), the construction projects of thermal power, steel, petrochemical, cement, nonferrous metal smelting, chemical industry and coal-fired boilers in the Pearl River Delta region will implement the national special emission limits of air pollutants, and the construction projects of steel, petrochemical and other industries in eastern Guangdong and western Guangdong will implement the national special emission limits of air pollutants.

　　(six) optimize the industrial layout and guide the development of industrial agglomeration.

　　1. Adjust the pattern of industrial development. Formulate the industrial development guidance catalogue of the main functional areas, establish and improve the access mechanism of key industries that adapt to the main functional areas, implement differentiated industrial policies, and scientifically guide the rational development and layout of the province’s industries. Focus on strengthening the scientific demonstration of the planning and site selection of heavily polluting enterprises such as steel, petrochemical and thermal power, and basically complete the environmental relocation, upgrading and transformation of heavily polluting enterprises such as steel, petrochemical, chemical, cement, flat glass and non-ferrous metal smelting and other enterprises whose pollution discharge cannot reach the standard stably in environmentally sensitive areas and urban built-up areas.

　　2. Promote the development of industrial agglomeration. Adhere to agglomeration development and regional overall coordination, give priority to the development of modern service industry in the Pearl River Delta region, accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing industry, and vigorously develop high-tech industries; Eastern Guangdong will speed up the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and moderately develop heavy chemical industries; Western Guangdong focuses on the development of port-based heavy chemical industry and modern service industry; Northern Guangdong gives priority to the development of eco-tourism and moderately develops resource-based industries and low-pollution industries. Strict implementation of industrial park project access and investment intensity requirements, and actively promote the concentration of industries in the park. Newly-built projects in areas outside the Pearl River Delta, such as steel, petrochemical, cement, flat glass, non-ferrous metal smelting, chemicals and ceramics, should, in principle, enter industrial parks established in accordance with laws and regulations and with complete environmental protection facilities.

　　(seven) the development of green economy, eliminate compressed pollution production capacity.

　　1. Vigorously develop circular economy. Efforts will be made to promote the recycling transformation of characteristic industrial parks, promote the cascade utilization of energy, the exchange and utilization of waste, and the economical and intensive use of land, promote the recycling production of enterprises, the recycling development of parks, and the recycling combination of industries, and build a recycling industrial system. Promote the coordinated disposal of wastes in industrial furnaces and blast furnaces such as steel and cement, and promote the development of renewable resource utilization industries. By 2017, the energy consumption per unit of industrial added value will be reduced by more than 20% compared with that in 2012. More than 50% of all kinds of national parks and more than 30% of all kinds of provincial parks will be recycled, and the proportion of major non-ferrous metal varieties and steel recycling will reach more than 40%.

　　2. Fully implement cleaner production. Review cleaner production in key industries such as steel, cement, petrochemical, chemical and non-ferrous metal smelting, and implement advanced technological transformation of cleaner production in key areas and weak links of energy conservation and emission reduction. By 2017, the emission intensity of key industries will be reduced by more than 30% compared with 2012. Promote the innovation of products such as non-organic solvent-based coatings and pesticides, and reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds during production and use. Actively develop new varieties of slow-release fertilizers to reduce ammonia emissions during the application of chemical fertilizers.

　　3. Cultivate green environmental protection industries. Formulate and implement the development plan of environmental protection industry in the whole province, and establish and improve the policy system conducive to the development of environmental protection industry. Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in energy conservation, environmental protection and green low-carbon technologies, vigorously promote the development of environmental protection technologies and industries, and actively develop environmental protection equipment manufacturing industry focusing on energy conservation and consumption reduction, pollution control and environmental monitoring. Promote the specialization, socialization and marketization of the construction and operation of air pollution control facilities, promote the socialization of environmental monitoring, promote the third-party control of air pollution, and actively cultivate environmental protection listed companies and key enterprises.

　　4. Strictly control the new production capacity of highly polluting industries. Formulate a list of highly polluting industrial projects that are stricter than national requirements, and clarify indicators such as resource and energy conservation and pollutant discharge. Establish a database of production capacity of high-pollution industries, strictly limit the new production capacity of "two high" (high energy consumption and high emission) industries, and replace the new, modified and expanded projects with equal or reduced production capacity. In the Pearl River Delta region, it is forbidden to build or expand heavy pollution projects such as steel, petrochemicals, cement (except for the purpose of treating municipal wastes), flat glass (except for special varieties of high-quality float glass projects) and non-ferrous metal smelting, and it is forbidden to build or expand coal-fired thermal power units and power stations owned by enterprises. Strict energy-saving evaluation and review system shall be implemented, and the energy consumption per unit product (output value) of new high-energy-consuming projects shall reach the domestic advanced level, and the energy-using equipment shall reach the first-class energy efficiency standard, and the energy consumption per unit product (output value) of new projects in the Pearl River Delta region shall reach the international advanced level.

　　5. Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity. Complete the task of eliminating backward production capacity in key industries in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan one year ahead of schedule, and formulate policies and supporting measures for eliminating backward production capacity in 2015-2017 with wider scope and higher standards in combination with the actual industrial development and air quality in Guangdong Province, so as to further accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity. Enterprises that cannot be eliminated on schedule shall be forced to shut down according to law. For areas that fail to complete the elimination task on schedule, the procedures of approval, examination and approval, filing and other procedures for thermal power, steel, cement, petrochemical and other projects in this area will be suspended.

　　6. Reduce excess capacity. Promote the withdrawal of excess capacity in the "two high" industries with energy-saving and environmental protection standards, formulate support policies to promote the transformation and development of enterprises with excess capacity in the "two high" industries, encourage cross-regional and cross-ownership mergers and acquisitions of enterprises with outstanding industries, and further reduce excess capacity. Pay close attention to cleaning up illegal projects under construction in overcapacity industries, publish the list of illegal enterprises, and formulate rectification plans within a time limit. Illegal projects that have not yet started shall not be started; Those under construction should be ordered to stop construction immediately.

　　(8) Adjusting the energy structure and increasing the supply of clean energy.

　　1. Implement total coal consumption control. We will implement long-term target responsibility management for controlling the total coal consumption. By 2017, the proportion of coal in the province’s energy consumption will fall below 36%, and the Pearl River Delta region will achieve negative growth in total coal consumption. We will implement a linkage mechanism between new projects and total coal consumption control, and implement coal reduction substitution for coal-consuming construction projects. By burning clean coal, switching to clean energy and improving the combustion efficiency of coal, the total coal consumption in key industries will be reduced. Strengthen the capacity building of external power receiving channels, improve the spatial layout of power grids, and gradually increase the proportion of external power transmission.

　　2. Expand the scope of natural gas supply. According to the goal of full coverage of high-pollution fuel no-burn zone and basic gasification of key industrial parks, we will accelerate the construction of gas source projects. We will improve the planning of the province’s main natural gas pipeline network and the city’s natural gas pipeline network, and speed up the construction of natural gas pipeline projects. By the end of 2015, the natural gas pipeline network will reach the industrial parks with useful gas demand in the Pearl River Delta region, and by the end of 2017, it will reach the industrial parks with useful gas demand in the province and the industrial clusters in the Pearl River Delta region. Strive to reach 50 billion cubic meters of natural gas supply capacity by the end of 2017, forming a multi-source and multi-directional gas supply and distribution system. By the end of 2017, the Pearl River Delta region will basically complete the clean energy transformation tasks such as coal-fired boilers, industrial kilns, and natural gas from self-owned coal-fired power stations with a single unit of less than 100,000 kilowatts. New natural gas will give priority to the protection of residents’ lives or be used to replace coal-fired boilers and kilns, encourage the development of distributed energy efficient utilization projects of natural gas, and restrict the development of natural gas chemical projects.

　　3. Promote the use of other clean energy sources. Actively and orderly develop hydropower, develop nuclear power safely and efficiently, and accelerate the development of new and renewable energy sources such as geothermal energy, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy and tidal energy. By 2017, the installed capacity of operating nuclear power units will reach more than 9.6 million kilowatts, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will increase to more than 20%. Rationally arrange a number of biomass power generation projects, build waste incineration power generation facilities with high environmental protection standards, and build biogas utilization projects in combination with landfill sites, livestock and poultry farms and wastewater treatment facilities.

　　4. Improve the quality of industrial fuels. Strictly control the sulfur ash content of coal, control the sulfur content of coal in thermal power plants below 0.7%, control the sulfur content of coal in industrial boilers and kilns below 0.6%, and control the sulfur content of fuel below 0.8%. Improve the proportion of coal preparation in coal consumption. It is forbidden to import inferior coal with high ash content and high sulfur content, and the import of high sulfur petroleum coke is restricted. Apply and popularize clean coal utilization technology.

　　5. Strengthen the management of high-pollution fuel no-burn zone. From 2014, the built-up areas of national environmental protection model cities and the urban built-up areas in the Pearl River Delta region should be designated as high-pollution fuel no-burn areas, and the areas of other cities should reach more than 60% of the urban built-up areas; Before the end of 2017, all urban built-up areas in the province should be designated as high-pollution fuel no-burn zones, and the scope of no-burn zones should be gradually extended to the suburbs. It is forbidden to burn raw (loose) coal, washed coal, coal water slurry, honeycomb coal, coke, charcoal, coal gangue, slime, coal tar, heavy oil, residual oil and combustible waste in the no-burn zone. It is forbidden to directly burn highly polluting fuels such as biomass, diesel, kerosene, artificial gas and other fuels with excessive pollutant content, and it is forbidden to build, modify or expand combustion facilities such as boilers, kilns and heat conduction oil furnace that burn highly polluting fuels.

　　(9) Strengthen environmental law enforcement and improve the efficiency of environmental supervision.

　　1. Strengthen regulatory capacity building. Improve the provincial, city, county, township (street) four-level environmental supervision system, strengthen the construction of environmental monitoring team, and enhance the ability of environmental supervision. By the end of 2014, we will complete the task of building a vehicle emission supervision platform at the provincial and municipal levels. Strengthen the supervisory monitoring of pollution sources, include boilers with more than 20 tons of steam and volatile organic compounds emitting enterprises in typical industries into the scope of supervisory monitoring, and implement online monitoring of volatile organic compounds in key enterprises on a pilot basis.

　　2. Strengthen supervision and inspection. The environmental air quality indicators of all localities are incorporated into the evaluation index system of environmental protection. According to the assessment requirements of the state for air pollution prevention and control, the progress of work in all localities is regularly supervised and made public. Interview accountability for areas where work responsibilities are not implemented, project progress is lagging behind, and ambient air quality is unqualified.

　　3. Strictly punish environmental violations. Improve on-site inspections, cross-enforcement, joint enforcement, spot checks and other environmental law enforcement methods, strengthen law enforcement linkage and information sharing between environmental protection departments and relevant departments, and improve the cooperation mechanism for investigating and handling environmental violations. Highlight the key points of supervision, supervise and supervise key environmental issues in various places, and vigorously rectify air pollution. Resolutely ban unlicensed enterprises such as small refineries and small boilers, and focus on cracking down on behaviors such as excessive emissions of heavily polluting enterprises, irregular management of construction dust, and production and sales of unqualified oil products. Explore the evaluation of enterprise environmental credit and improve the construction of environmental credit system.

　　4. Improve the convergence mechanism of law enforcement. Strictly implement the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution (Fa Shi [2013] No.15), establish a law enforcement linkage mechanism between environmental protection departments and public security departments, improve the transfer, acceptance and filing of criminal cases of environmental pollution, and the consultation and supervision system for major cases, increase the comprehensive punishment for major environmental crimes according to law, severely punish illegal and criminal acts of environmental pollution, and further enhance the deterrent force of environmental law enforcement.

　　Third, safeguard measures

　　(ten) improve the coordination and early warning emergency mechanism.

　　1. Improve the coordination mechanism for prevention and control. Further improve the work mechanism of joint prevention and control of air pollution in the province and the regional cooperation mechanism of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, hold regular meetings on air pollution prevention and control in the province, coordinate and solve major environmental problems and cross-city air pollution disputes, and guide all localities and relevant departments to establish unified air pollution prevention and control policies. All localities should establish a consultation and cooperation mechanism for joint prevention and control of air pollution with unified planning, unified monitoring, unified supervision, unified evaluation and unified coordination. Cities in the Pearl River Delta region should strengthen coordination and linkage to solve outstanding problems such as fine particles and ozone. All relevant departments should work together to fully support the prevention and control of air pollution according to their respective responsibilities.

　　2. Improve the monitoring and early warning system. Improve the province’s atmospheric environmental monitoring network, and all state-controlled atmospheric monitoring stations in cities above prefecture level will carry out monitoring as required. Environmental protection and meteorological departments should strengthen cooperation, establish and improve the monitoring and early warning system of heavy air pollution, and jointly promote air quality forecasting. Conduct early warning drills for heavy pollution weather on a regular basis, and complete the construction tasks of monitoring and early warning systems for heavy air pollution in the provinces, the Pearl River Delta region and Guangzhou before the end of 2014, and other cities in the Pearl River Delta region will complete the construction tasks of monitoring and early warning systems for heavy air pollution before the end of 2015.

　　3. Improve the emergency response mechanism. The provincial environmental protection department should take the lead in formulating and organizing the implementation of the emergency plan for heavy air pollution in the Pearl River Delta region as soon as possible, and announce it to the public in a timely manner. In order to go public at all levels, it is necessary to formulate emergency plans for heavy air pollution in the region, clarify the responsible subjects, organizations, job responsibilities, early warning and response procedures, safeguard measures, etc., and announce them to the public in a timely manner. Local governments should incorporate the emergency treatment of heavy air pollution into the emergency management system of local emergencies and implement the responsibility system of the main person in charge. Establish and improve the regional air pollution prediction and early warning mechanism of monitoring and forecasting-expert consultation-reporting for approval-response implementation. When heavy pollution weather is predicted, local governments should take emergency response measures in time and organize all relevant parties to carry out their work as required.

　　(eleven) improve the local regulations and technical standards system.

　　1. Improve laws and regulations. Revise the Measures for the Administration of Pollutant Discharge Permit in Guangdong Province in a timely manner, accelerate the formulation of the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Guangdong Province, improve the systems of total control, pollutant discharge permit, emergency warning and accountability, realize the organic connection between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice, and improve the compensation system for environmental pollution damage according to the principle of "whoever pollutes is responsible and pays more for more emissions".

　　2. Improve the standard system. Strengthen the preparation and revision of local standards in Guangdong Province, speed up the revision of the emission limit standards of atmospheric pollutants in Guangdong Province, formulate the limit standards of harmful substances in low-sulfur loose coal and products, coatings, inks and other products, clarify the emission standards of atmospheric pollutants for biomass briquettes and the emission standards of volatile organic compounds in key industries, establish the emission accounting system of volatile organic compounds in key industries, and strengthen the hard constraints of energy consumption and safety standards.

　　3. Strengthen technical support. Strengthen the basic research on haze, ozone formation mechanism, source analysis, migration law, etc., and carry out the study on the exposure-response relationship between air pollution and population health. Support the construction of Guangdong National Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and encourage environmental protection enterprises to build engineering technology research and development centers and engineering research centers (laboratories). Actively develop products and equipment for desulfurization and denitrification, high-efficiency dust removal, volatile organic compounds control, diesel engine (vehicle) emission purification, environmental monitoring, etc., and popularize a number of advanced and practical technologies to solve regional compound air pollution problems.

　　(12) Improve environmental and economic policies.

　　1. Improve the price system of resources and environment. Give full play to the leverage of resource prices and guide enterprises to produce green and consume green in society. Study and formulate differentiated and stepped resource price policies, and implement electricity price support policies for existing thermal power units that have adopted new technologies to transform dust removal facilities. Implement the policy of high quality and good price for oil products, and encourage oil refining enterprises to accelerate the pace of upgrading oil products.

　　2. Increase fiscal and taxation support. At the provincial and local levels, the funds for pollution prevention and control are listed as a whole, and the forms of "replacing compensation with awards", "promoting prevention with awards" and "promoting governance with awards" are adopted to support the prevention and control of air pollution. We will fully implement the preferential fiscal and taxation policies for contracted energy management, and actively explore the integrated franchise mode of investment, construction and operation of pollution control facilities. We will improve the support policies for the collection and emission reduction of sewage charges, and gradually levy sewage charges for volatile organic compounds, dust from construction sites, gas stations and operating catering fumes.

　　3. Innovative environmental protection financial policies. Establish green credit, green securities and environmental pollution liability insurance systems, incorporate corporate environmental information into the bank credit information system, and strictly restrict environmentally illegal enterprises from obtaining loans or listing financing. Accelerate the pilot work of paid use and trading of emission rights and carbon emission rights such as sulfur dioxide.

　　(13) Improve the participation mechanism of the whole society.

　　1. Timely disclosure of environmental information. Since 2014, the provincial environmental protection department will regularly publish the air quality status and ranking of cities at or above the local level every month, and all state-controlled and provincial-controlled air quality monitoring stations in the province will release air quality information to the public in real time. All localities should establish a compulsory disclosure system for environmental information of enterprises in heavily polluting industries, promptly and proactively publish information such as environmental impact assessment approval of new projects, sewage charges, supervision and law enforcement penalties, pollutant discharge of key enterprises, operation of pollution control facilities, and regularly publish environmental credit rating results of key pollution sources.

　　2. Mobilize the whole people to participate. Actively carry out various forms of publicity, education and training, popularize scientific knowledge of air pollution prevention and control, advocate civilized, economical and green consumption patterns and living habits, and improve the enthusiasm of the public to participate in atmospheric environmental protection. Encourage the public to supervise and report air pollution by opening a hotline for reporting and hiring special supervisors for air pollution prevention and control, and support environmental protection social organizations and environmental protection volunteers to carry out social supervision activities.

　　Municipal governments at or above the local level shall, in accordance with this action plan, pay close attention to formulating specific implementation plans for the region, decompose and implement tasks, and submit the progress of air pollution prevention and control work in the previous year to the provincial government before March 31 each year.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, September 5 (Qiu Yu) The first Mid-Autumn Festival was ushered in after the introduction of the new moon cake standard. The new standard was formally implemented in December last year, and the Wuren moon cake, which has attracted much attention, is clearly defined.

　　After investigating the moon cake market, the reporter found that the high-priced gift boxes above 2,000 yuan still exist, and ordinary gift boxes below 300 yuan are more popular. Because the new standard is not mandatory, there are still old packaged moon cakes on the market.

　　Price — —

　　Overall, it is the same as last year. The mooncake gift boxes below 300 yuan sell well.

　　Many large supermarkets in Xicheng District of Beijing have put out mooncake gift boxes and bulk mooncakes. The reporter visited and found that the price of mooncake gift boxes ranged from tens of yuan to hundreds of yuan, and bulk mooncakes were mostly twenty or thirty yuan a catty, and some of them had promotions and discounts.

　　A supermarket shopping guide in Xicheng District said that from the recent sales of mooncake gift boxes, gift boxes with a price of one or two hundred yuan are the most popular.

　　The price of moon cakes sold online is also relatively close to the people. The reporter searched in JD.COM, Tmall and No.1 Store and found that the prices of the top 10 mooncake gift boxes were all within 200 yuan. Among them, the price of Tmall is lower than that of 100 yuan.

　　Phenomenon — —

　　Some high-end gift boxes are packaged three times the weight of moon cakes.

　　There are still high-priced mooncake gift boxes on the Internet, but the sales volume is generally low.

　　JD.COM, Tmall and No.1 Store all have mooncake gift boxes with a price of more than 2,000 yuan on sale. A three-story mooncake gift box costs more than 2600 yuan, and the price per gram of mooncake is more than 10 times that of ordinary mooncakes. Online customer service said that "brand" has raised the price of moon cakes to some extent.

　　Another online salesperson of a high-end mooncake gift box said that in addition to the delicious mooncakes themselves, "packaging" is also the reason for the higher price of the gift box. According to the person, the net weight of the moon cakes in the gift box is more than 3 kg, and the total weight of the package is 12 kg. "The packaging material is tinplate, and the appearance is very high-end."

　　However, the sales of high-end moon cakes online are flat. Take Tmall as an example. The monthly turnover of the top 10 mooncake gift boxes is less than 20, of which 6 are zero.

　　Discover — —

　　The new standard is not mandatory, and there are still old packaged moon cakes on sale.

　　The reporter noticed that some of the mooncakes on sale in the market have been printed with the product standard number "GB/T 19855", and some mooncakes are still packaged with the old version of the "GB 19855" standard.

　　China Bakery and Sugar Products Industry Association explained in the report "Development Trend of National Mooncake Industry in 2016" that the new standard is recommended and not mandatory. For example, enterprises that implement this standard need to carefully study the revision of the standard and do a good job in the implementation of the standard.

　　After changing to recommended standards, does it mean that the industry standards have been relaxed? Guo Yaping, deputy director of Beijing Daoxiang Village Food Factory, believes that although it is a recommended national standard, enterprises should strictly implement the contents mentioned in the standard if they choose to adopt this standard and print new product standard numbers on the packaging.

　　If the enterprise chooses to implement the new standard, what will happen to the packaging printed with the standard number of the old product?

　　Guo Yaping said that the cost of a mooncake packaging box ranges from a few yuan to a dozen yuan, and throwing it away in large quantities will cause waste. For the old packaging in stock, Daoxiang Village adopts the form of adding new labels as a whole, covering the original labels. The new packaging adopted the new product standard number from the time of printing.

　　Popular science — —

　　Wuren moon cake has a strict definition: five kinds of nuts must be collected.

　　In terms of types, the styles of mooncakes sold this year have increased. The new standard adds six categories of moon cakes: Chaozhou moon cakes, Yunnan moon cakes, Jin moon cakes, Qiong moon cakes, desktop moon cakes and Harbin moon cakes.

　　In view of the most concerned Wuren moon cake, the new standard puts forward that "the moon cake filled with five main raw materials, such as walnut kernel, almond, olive kernel, melon seed kernel and sesame seed, can be called Wuren moon cake".

　　This definition immediately caused controversy: Does Wuren moon cake have to contain the above five kinds of nuts?

　　In this regard, the Pastry Sub-technical Committee of the National Baking Products Standardization Technical Committee explained in the letter that the word "equal" refers to the use of the above five kinds of nuts in the ingredients of Guangdong Wuren moon cake.

　　Guo Yaping said that according to the understanding of the above letter, whether it is a five-kernel moon cake with olive kernels in the south or a five-kernel moon cake with pine nuts in the north, as long as it is processed with more than five kinds of nuts such as peach kernel and almond, it can be called five-kernel moon cake.

　　She said that moon cakes are traditional foods and are produced all over the country. The promulgation and implementation of the new moon cake standard not only standardizes the production behavior of the moon cake industry, but also encourages the inheritance and innovation of traditional food culture.

　　Industry observation — —

　　The cost increases. Why didn’t the mooncake manufacturers raise their prices significantly?

　　A person in charge of a moon cake company revealed that the prices and labor costs of raw materials such as edible vegetable oil, white sugar and nuts have risen this year, leading to an increase in the cost of moon cakes.

　　"The price of white sugar is fluctuating and rising," said Sun Yue, an analyst with Zhuo Chuang Information. Taking Guangxi sugar as an example, the average ex-factory price in August was 5,870 yuan/ton, up 15% compared with the same period last year.

　　Li Wenqian, an analyst at Zhuo Chuang Information, said that due to the increase in peanut prices in the first half of this year, the first-grade peanut oil squeezed by manufacturers has increased by about 1000 yuan/ton compared with the same period of last year, with a year-on-year increase of about 7.41%.

　　Although the cost has increased, some enterprises have not significantly increased the price of moon cakes.

　　Guo Yaping said that Daoxiang Village has a product price management strategy and process method, and the price adjustment will only be carried out when the price fluctuation of raw materials exceeds a certain proportion of the cost. Although the cost of raw and auxiliary materials for moon cakes has increased, it has not yet reached the prescribed proportion, so the price remains basically unchanged this year.

　　China Bakery and Sugar Products Industry Association pointed out in the report that it is expected that the sales price of mooncake retail market will be basically the same as last year, or increase slightly, despite the rising prices of some raw materials and labor costs this year.

　　According to the report, when the mooncake industry continued to decline in 2013 and 2014, most enterprises optimized and adjusted their product structure, ensuring reasonable profits and making prices more reasonable and popular.

The "Little Book-turning Party" is a sub-column of the "Book-turning Party" in The Paper: reading the knowledge in books in a well-documented way.

In the hit drama Ode to Joy, almost all the protagonists use Apple phones, except Qiu Yingying, who seems to have a replacement Android phone. We don’t know whether Apple also paid the advertising fee for this play, but it’s not surprising if there are a group of people around you who are using Apple phones, and everyone may encounter one or two "fruit fans" who are obsessed with Apple products and act as "free salesmen".

Martin Lindstrom of marketing guru said in his "brand brainwashing" that "fruit powder" is actually similar to Christians.

His exact words are as follows:

As we all know, no brand can become a cult-like, almost religious worship brand like Apple (in fact, in an experiment I did for my last book, when I studied the brains of Apple fans with functional magnetic resonance imaging, I found that their brain activities are similar to those of Christians), and peer pressure is the core of many Apple strategies. One of the strategies is "early recruitment", in other words, it is to sell it to children aged 13-17. This marketing activity is so effective that about 46% of the children of this age now own an iPod, and the product that children talk about most among themselves is the iPod, and a questionnaire survey shows that 82% of all high school students with portable music players use the iPod.

Once these children entered the university, Apple began to openly "recruit", hired college students to become "Apple campus representatives" and turned the whole university bookstore into a mini-Apple store. One job advertisement said, "This is a great opportunity to be an Apple spokesperson and have some fun." The job description includes hosting workshops, organizing activities, and establishing good relations with students, faculty and students’ parents. The most important thing is, "You will cooperate with the Apple team to implement marketing projects on campus, including promoting sales and raising the awareness of Apple products … We need a leader who can inspire peers and cooperate with student organizations."

This copy is very clever: who doesn’t want to think of himself as a leader, a trendsetter and a person who can inspire his peers? I would like to add that if you often go to the movies, you may think that people all over the world use Apple products-this is a victory that combines product implantation and peer pressure. In 2009, almost half of Hollywood movies-about 46%-featured Apple or Apple products. Although it is generally believed that this behavior does not involve money transactions, there is no better way to expose advertisements and brands.

Well-documented:

Martin thinks that Apple has obviously taken advantage of people’s psychology: it succumbs to some potential "peer pressure", that is, people want what others want. And the more obvious the needs of others are, the more we want what they have. According to Martin, this is what advertisers and marketers have known for a long time.

Black Friday and "11.11" snapping up may also take advantage of this psychology:

This fear of’ if someone else takes it, we will miss it’ drives fanatics to queue up at 4 am, just to get the latest iPad2 or a pair of UGG wool boots with rare colors, and this is why a bargain hunter was trampled to death outside Wal-Mart on Long Island on a black Friday a few years ago. If you bid for goods on eBay, you are likely to fall victim to this trap unconsciously. If there is only one product (for example, there is only one penguin tea set in the world), then the fear that’ others may easily get a set of mugs with orange beaks’ will drive people to raise the bid price exponentially-and pay a price far beyond the value of the product.

Martin thinks that the bestseller list also takes advantage of "peer pressure":

To know how much strangers’ preferences and purchases affect our decisions, just look at the leaderboard phenomenon. Imagine you walk into a large chain bookstore as big as a football field. Faced with a large number of choices, it is still quite risky to spend $27.99 on a novel or memoir that you later find hard to read. But wait, what’s on the independent shelf on your right? This week’s "Best-selling List of The New York Times", including fiction and non-fiction, has more than 20 books in total. Subconsciously, you think, "If so many people buy this book, it must be a good book", and then you think, "If so many people are reading this book, won’t it be out of date if I don’t read it?" Now, you not only avoid the pain of going through four floors and not knowing how to start, but also get the recognition of your peers who buy books. This is not a happy coincidence in the publishing industry. In fact, although publishers want you to believe the contents of the list, the main reason why the best-selling list existed at first was not only to track sales, but also to make us think that these books were "pre-approved"—in other words, if we didn’t read the books that everyone else was reading, we would be ill-educated, unable to keep up with the trend, and would be excluded from the national language theory.

Well-documented:

More interestingly, Martin found that even if consumers are "used", they still think that their buying behavior is rational:

Of course, we don’t always realize that the perceived popularity of goods affects our preferences. Recently, I asked 10 female fans in louis vuitton in a focus group: "Why do you like this brand so much?" Everyone mentioned the quality of zippers, leather and brand immortality. I am doubtful about that. So we scanned the brains of these 10 women with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Every time we show them pictures of louis vuitton products, the "Brodmann area 10" in the brain will be lit up, which will be activated when people see something they think is "cool". These women rationalize their buying behavior and tell themselves that they like this brand because of its high quality, but their brains know that they actually make choices because they are’ cool’. Even the brain can’t stand the fact that we are excluded, which seems to indicate that whether it is "hot" songs, "that" gifts or "trendy" designer handbags, what we finally buy has nothing to do with what we want, but more of what we think we should.

But the most interesting thing is that Martin found that even marketers themselves will fall into this trap:

For example, the planner of every advertising company I know (in most European advertising companies, this position is to do consumer research) has a beautiful Moleskine leather notebook. This was not sent when they joined the company; It has become an unwritten rule that every planner of an advertising company must own one and use it. If you don’t, it means that you are isolated and not an insider.

Book shadow:

Trump’s "olive branch" was categorically rejected by Iran.

Just before Iran recently held a routine annual military exercise in advance in the Persian Gulf, Trump, who recently sent Iran a "capital tweet" implying the use of force, unexpectedly said that he was ready to meet with Iranian leaders at any time without preconditions: "I am willing to meet, especially when I may face problems such as war, death and famine. There is nothing wrong with meeting. " "If they (Iran) want to, I am ready to meet them at any time." "There is no precondition. If they want to meet, I will. " Trump’s bizarre "olive branch" was not only categorically rejected by Iranian conservatives and moderates, but also failed to change Iran’s Persian Gulf military exercises as scheduled, and was criticized by the media at home and abroad.

Since Trump announced his withdrawal from the Iranian nuclear deal on May 8 this year, the diplomatic game and public criticism between the United States and Iran have never stopped. At present, the international community, especially international public opinion, is doubly concerned about whether the game between the United States and Iraq is developing in the direction of opening peace talks or evolving in the direction of opening war? Opening peace talks is undoubtedly big news, and opening war is even bigger news. This is undoubtedly another unpredictable suspense that Trump has created for the world. In my opinion, in the short term, there is no possibility for the United States and Iraq to start negotiations, let alone war. The two sides are still in the stage of diplomatic game and public opinion attack and defense between pressure and anti-pressure, sanctions and anti-sanctions.

Trump’s diplomatic "soap opera" was embarrassed.

Trump’s casual attitude is not serious, and it is naturally difficult to cause serious treatment and response from Iran. Trump’s loose talk shows that the United States and Iraq can hold unconditional negotiations, which is a manifestation of his capricious and consistent style. Just a few hours before Trump’s speech, US Secretary of State Pompeo also said that the United States and Iran would never hold unconditional talks, and Pompeo was nicknamed "the mouse in the maze" by the media.

Although Trump’s diplomacy is unpredictable, it has also formed a certain "diplomatic routine" on many crisis issues: first, it issued extreme threats, then changed its position, held talks, and finally announced its victory. The most typical case is Trump’s North Korean diplomacy. However, the Iranian nuclear issue is not only fundamentally different from the DPRK nuclear issue, but also Iran’s complicated bureaucratic system, especially the dual structure of conservative and reform forces, and the constraints of religious leaders on the president are very different from North Korea’s power structure, and the geopolitical environment in which the two hot issues are located is also very different. What’s more, the US-DPRK summit was realized under the pressure and communication of Trump for eight months after he took office.

Therefore, Trump’s loose talk about holding US-Iran talks was also accused by the media as a "diplomatic soap opera", and Iran, which has been engaged in diplomacy on the Iranian nuclear issue for 15 years since 2003, naturally will not make a positive response at will. The prospect that it is difficult for the United States and Iran to hold negotiations in the short term is just as Gerald Blank, an expert at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in the United States, said: "Iran’s domestic political structure is much more complicated than that in the northern part of the peninsula, and it is not interested in diplomacy with the United States, especially after Trump asked the United States to withdraw from the multinational agreement known as the Joint Comprehensive Action Plan." "At present, if anyone in the Iranian government tries to contact Trump, they are severely criticized by others."

The reaction made by Iran also proves this point. Motahari, deputy speaker of the Iranian parliament, pointed out: "After Trump made an arrogant talk to Iran, negotiation is impossible. This is an insult. " Iranian Interior Minister Fazley said: "The United States cannot be trusted. How can people trust after the United States is arrogant and unilaterally withdraws from the nuclear agreement? " Arribi, director of the Iranian project of the World Crisis Group, commented that "no Iranian leader will meet with the US president who has repeatedly threatened Iran, attacked the Iranian leadership and violated the nuclear agreement at this time."

"Old hatreds and new foes" make the United States and Iraq not qualified for negotiations.

In essence, Trump’s idea that the United States and Iran can negotiate unconditionally is more of a diplomatic strategy, which not only alleviates the international community’s widespread criticism that the United States unilaterally withdrew from the Iranian nuclear deal, but also shifts the responsibility for regional tensions to Iran. At the same time, it is also a strategy to aggravate Iran’s domestic contradictions and disrupt Iran’s domestic political ecology. However, its arbitrariness and hypocrisy can be described as obvious, and Iran, which has rich diplomatic experience, will naturally not take it.

Of course, the deeper root of the difficulty in holding negotiations between the United States and Iran lies in the serious distrust accumulated by the confrontation between the United States and Iran in the past 40 years since the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979. The contradictions between the two sides spread throughout the social system, ideology and practical interests. From the beginning of the Islamic Revolution when the United States broke off diplomatic relations with Iran to the hostage crisis, from the 1980s when the United States supported Iraq to confront Iran in the Iran-Iraq war to the Clinton administration’s containment policy, to the Bush administration’s characterization of Iran as an "axis of evil" and its long-term sanctions against Iraq, and now the Trump administration brazenly withdrew from the hard-won the Iranian nuclear deal and exerted extreme pressure on Iran, it can be said that the old hatred between the United States and Iraq has not been solved, and new hatred has been added.

Therefore, negotiations between the United States and Iran are not realistic at all, just as Mehmetali Jaafari, commander-in-chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, said: "Iranians will not allow government officials to meet with the Great Satan." of course，Contact between the United States and Iran through a third party is not excluded. Some analysts pointed out that Oman’s foreign minister visited Tehran and Washington one after another last month, which is likely to play an information communication role between the United States and Iran.After Rouhani came to power in 2013, it was Oman that brokered the bridge between Iran and the United States, which finally led to the resumption of US-Iran contacts and Iranian nuclear talks. According to reports, Trump had sent the message of holding bilateral talks to Iran eight times before. However, the United States kept pressing and shouting about the talks. In addition, the Iranian nuclear deal involved China, the European Union and Russia, which made Iran not easily hold bilateral talks with the United States, and even more afraid of falling into the diplomatic trap set by Trump.

Judging from the future trend, the possibility that the United States and Iran will return to negotiations will not be ruled out even if the United States exerts certain pressure on Iran and forces Iran to compromise in some areas of the 12 conditions put forward by the United States (such as Syria and other issues), but this will not happen overnight, and it is difficult for Iran to abandon other parties in the Iranian nuclear deal and negotiate with the United States alone.

The weight of war: the United States and Iraq can’t bear it.

From the perspective of the United States, although Trump has changed the Middle East policy during the Obama era since he took office, he has continued to exert his strength on the three hot issues of Syria, Palestine and Israel, but its essence is still to maximize the benefits with the minimum investment, and its core is to consolidate the alliance with Saudi Arabia and Israel and profit from it by shaping Iran into a regional core threat. However, Trump, who gives priority to the interests of the United States, revives the domestic economy and ensures the victory of the mid-term congressional elections, has no systematic plan to go to war with Iran rashly. This may be one of the specific reasons why Trump recently said that the United States and Iran can negotiate unconditionally. Its purpose is to cool down the situation in the Gulf region, which is becoming more tense in the context of Iran’s recent military exercises.

In essence, the United States should be well aware of the disastrous consequences of going to war with Iran. If it chooses a "preemptive" war to completely overthrow the Iranian regime, it will trigger regional turmoil and even a full-scale war, and will impact the international energy market and the whole world economy. If limited military strikes involving Israeli, Saudi and other allies are chosen, the United States will not be able to change the Iranian regime in a short period of time, and Iran will definitely choose to threaten to block the US military bases in the Strait of Hormuz and intensify the conflicts in Syria, Yemen and other regions in an all-round way, and the forces fostered by Iran in the Middle East will continue to create troubles. Iranian President Rouhani warned that the war between the United States and Iran would be "the mother of all wars", and this is the profound meaning. The strategic depth of Iran and the Persian nationality’s resistance to power will also be feared by the United States, and the lessons of the United States in Iraq and Afghanistan are just around the corner. Therefore, if Trump is still rational, it is unlikely that the United States will choose to launch a war against Iran.

Iran is facing more serious challenges. The contradiction between Iran’s conservatives and reformists has intensified after the United States restarted sanctions, and the people’s livelihood crisis aggravated by a large number of foreign capital fleeing, currency depreciation and soaring prices has made Rouhani face the phenomenon of "second term curse" of the president in Iranian politics (that is, both reformist and conservative presidents will hit a wall in their second term and end up in a bleak way, and hostile factions will come to power in the next presidential election) more serious, while the United States has become Rouhani’s "second term curse". At present, coping with economic difficulties internally and alleviating the economic crisis; Saving the Iranian nuclear deal from the outside world and easing the pressure of U.S. sanctions are the top priority of the Rouhani administration, which makes it not take the initiative to choose war at all. At present, although Iran has held a very high-profile military exercise, Iran will not easily take actions such as blocking the the Strait of Hormuz to aggravate tensions without a comprehensive or limited military strike by the United States.

Based on the above factors, in a certain period of time in the future, the United States and Iran will continue to struggle mainly in the fields of diplomacy, economy and public opinion, supplemented by mutual deterrence in the military field, and even the friction between the two sides in a third-party battlefield such as Syria will not be ruled out, but it is unlikely that the two sides will engage in direct local wars and total wars.

Of course, the United States will hope that Iran’s economic collapse and even regime collapse will be caused by extreme pressure, and Iran’s political and economic difficulties will naturally continue to intensify. However, Iran’s political toughness is much higher than that of Arab countries where regime changes have taken place before. The political system of the Islamic Republic, which combines religious centralization with democratic elections, a relatively complete bureaucratic system, the mutual restriction between the two forces of reform and conservatism, the absolute loyalty of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, and the regime’s ability to resist pressure for a long time under war and sanctions, are all factors that enable the Iranian regime to maintain its resilience.

Therefore, before the end of the mid-term elections in the United States this year and the deadline set by the United States for the termination of trade relations with Iran (November 4), the relationship between the United States and Iran will remain in a stalemate, and its future development remains to be observed and evaluated.

(The author is the director and professor of the Middle East Institute of Shanghai International Studies University)

Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, the dragon is in the sky, the dragon is full of vitality, and all evils are avoided. Dragon Boat Festival is a folk festival that integrates praying for good luck and evil spirits, celebrating entertainment and eating. The contents of the Dragon Boat Festival customs are rich and colorful, and these customs have entrusted people with the desire to welcome good fortune and ward off evil spirits and disasters.

one

Ba dragon boat

Boating dragon boat has a long history, and it is a multi-person collective rowing competition. Dragon boat race is divided into several sections, such as inviting dragons, offering sacrifices to the dragon gods, Youlong and collecting dragons. Before the dragon boat race, a grand sacrifice ceremony is usually held. First, the dragon is invited and the gods are sacrificed. Before the Dragon Boat Festival, it is necessary to choose an auspicious day to get out of the water, after offering sacrifices to the gods, install the dragon head and dragon tail, and then prepare for the race. Fujian and Taiwan went to Mazu Tempel to worship. In the past, when people sacrificed to the dragon gods, the atmosphere was very serious, and they prayed for blessings, good weather, evil spirits, disasters and differences, and everything went well. In Zigui, Qu Yuan’s hometown in Hubei Province, there is also a ceremony to worship Qu Yuan by rowing a dragon boat.

2

Hanging wormwood and calamus

In the Dragon Boat Festival, all kinds of flowers and plants that can drive away evil spirits and diseases have been arranged for a long time. "Ai", also known as Artemisia argyi and Artemisia argyi, contains volatile aromatic oil in its stems and leaves, and its peculiar fragrance can repel mosquitoes, flies and insect ants and purify the air. The leaves of Acorus calamus also contain volatile aromatic oil, which is a drug for refreshing, inducing resuscitation, strengthening bones and resolving stagnation, killing insects and sterilizing. People regard wormwood and calamus as one of the important contents of the Dragon Boat Festival.

three

Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival

Zongzi, or "Zongzi Zan", is commonly known as Zongzi. Its main materials are glutinous rice and stuffing, and it is wrapped with Indocalamus leaves (or Hiragi leaves) in various shapes, such as sharp corners and quadrangles. Zongzi has a long history and was originally used as a tribute to ancestors and gods. After it was introduced to the north, it was made of millet (produced in the north), which was called "horn millet". Due to the different eating habits in different places, zongzi has formed a north-south flavor; In terms of taste, zongzi can be divided into salty zongzi and sweet zongzi.

four

Herbal washing water

Herbal water, that is, Mulan decoction recorded in ancient books, can cure skin diseases and eliminate evil spirits by washing herbal water at noon. Midday is the most herbal day in a year, and medicines are everywhere. During the Dragon Boat Festival, many places in China have the custom of picking herbs, boiling herbs and bathing in water, and the medicinal properties of the Dragon Boat Festival herbs have played a vital role in it. The existing written records about the custom of washing herbs and water were first seen in the Book of Da Dai Li at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, but the orchids in this paper are not orchids, but Eupatorium odoratum or herbs of Compositae, which have fragrance and can be decocted and bathed in water. This custom still exists today and is widely popular. In Guangdong, children use wormwood and wheat medicine or flowers and plants such as wormwood, cattail, impatiens and magnolia to boil and wash, while teenagers and adult men go to rivers and beaches to take a shower, which is called washing dragon boat water to wash away bad luck and bring good luck. In Hunan, Guangxi and other places, cypress leaves, wind roots, wormwood, calamus, peach leaves and so on are boiled into liquid medicine for bathing.

five

Tie five-color silk thread

In the traditional culture of China, the five colors "blue, red, white, black and yellow" symbolizing the five elements are regarded as auspicious colors. On the Dragon Boat Festival, children should tie colorful silk threads on their wrists and ankles to ward off evil spirits. Traditionally, red, green, yellow, white and black thick silk threads were twisted into colored ropes and tied around children’s arms or necks. Since May 5th, it was not until the birthday of "Qi Nian Ma" on Tanabata that they were untied and burned together with Jin Jun.. There is also a saying that on the first rainy day after the Dragon Boat Festival, cutting off colorful threads and throwing them in the rain means that the river will wash away the plague and diseases, which means that it can get rid of evil spirits and stir up disasters, which will bring good luck for a year.

six

Draw a forehead

The custom of daubing children’s foreheads with realgar during the Dragon Boat Festival can ward off poisonous insects. The typical method is to draw the word "Wang" on children’s foreheads with realgar. One is to borrow realgar to drive away the poison, and the other is to borrow tiger’s forehead ("Wang" is like a tiger, and the tiger is the king of beasts, because it is replaced by a tiger) to suppress evil spirits. In addition to the forehead, nose and ears, it can also be applied elsewhere, with the same intention.

seven

Avoid five poisons

Due to the hot and dry weather in summer in the north, people are prone to illness and plagues are also prone to epidemic; In addition, snakes and insects are prone to bite people. People think that May is the time when the five poisons (scorpion, snake, centipede, gecko and toad) appear, and various methods should be used to prevent the harm of the five poisons. Generally, a map of five poisons is posted in the house, five poisons are printed on red paper, and then five needles are stuck on the five poisons, that is, the poisons are stabbed to death and can no longer be rampant. Folk also embroidered five poisons on clothes and decorated cakes with five poisons patterns, all of which meant expelling them.

Original title: "May Zongxiang, Dragon Boat Festival Ankang | How much do you know about Dragon Boat Festival customs?"

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