Original Zhiyuan Xin Zhiyuan Xin

Zhiyuan Xin reports.

Editor: editorial department

[Introduction to Zhiyuan Xin] Grok of xAI opened its source as scheduled after seven days! Open the code behind Grok and let Musk slap his face at OpenAI. There are 8 MOEs with 314 billion parameters, and the weight structure is fully open. As soon as the project is launched, it has already snapped up 6k stars on GitHub.

When it comes to doing it, Grok of Musk xAI is really open source as scheduled!

Just now, xAI officially released the weight and architecture of the 314 billion parameter hybrid expert model Grok-1.

With a parameter of 314 billion, Grok-1 has become the largest open source LLM so far, four times that of Llama 2.

At present, xAI has not disclosed more information about Grok-1.

The information released by official website is as follows-

-The basic model is trained on a large amount of text data and has not been fine-tuned for any specific task.

The MoE of the-314B parameter has a weight of 25% that is active on a given token.

-In October, 2023, xAI started training from scratch using a custom training stack based on JAX and Rust.

Once online GitHub, Grok snapped up 6k stars and 586 Fork.

Project address: https://github.com/xai-org/grok-1.

Musk did not forget to ridicule OpenAI, "Tell us more about the" open "part of OpenAI …"

The new york Times commented that the original code behind the open source Gork is an upgrade of the future battle that the richest man in the world controls AI.

Will open source make technology safer or will it make it more abusive?

Musk, an "open source supporter", set an example and got involved in this heated debate in the AI community, and gave the answer with actions.

Xiao Zha also commented on Grok just now. "It didn’t really impress people. There are too many parameters of 314 billion. You need a bunch of H100, but I have already bought it."

A magnetic chain, the world’s first largest model open source.

This time, xAI open source Grok-1 is licensed by Apache-2.0, so users can freely use, modify and distribute the software.

The repository contains JAX sample code for loading and running the Grok-1 open source weight model.

Users need to download checkpoint, put the ckpt-0 directory in checkpoint, and then run the following code to test:

pip install -r requirements.txtpython run.py

This script will load the checkpoint and the samples in the model on the test input.

Because the model is large and the parameters reach 314B, a computer with enough GPU memory is needed to test the model with sample code.

Moreover, because the implementation efficiency of MoE layer in this repository is not high, this implementation is chosen to avoid the need to customize the kernel to verify the correctness of the model.

Through the Torrent client and the following magnetic link, you can download the weights.

magnet:? xt=urn:btih:5f96d43576e3d386c9ba65b883210a393b68210e&tr=https%3A%2F%2Facademictorrents.com%2Fannounce.php& tr=udp%3A%2F%2Ftracker.coppersurfer.tk%3A6969&tr=udp%3A%2F%2Ftracker.opentrackr.org%3A1337%2Fannounce

More details

Andrew Kean Gao, a Stanford researcher, browsed model.py and introduced more information about the architecture of Grok. There are no additional clauses for the 314 billion parameters.

8 mixed experts (2 active experts), 860B active parameters. It uses rotation embedding instead of fixed position embedding.

-tokenizer vocabulary: 131,072 (similar to GPT-4) is equivalent to 2 17.

-Embedded size: 6144(48*128)

-Transformer layer: 64 (each layer has a decoding layer: multi-head attention block and density block)

-Key size: 128

Multi-head attention module: there are 48 query headers and 8 key values.

Dense block (dense feedforward block):

-Width factor: 8

-The hidden layer size is 32768.

Each token selects 2 out of 8 experts.

The embedding size of the rotation position is 6144, which is meaningful, and it is the same as the input embedding size of the model.

-Context length: 8192 token

-Accuracy: bf16

Finally, attach a summary map.

Netizen: Open source battle is coming.

The AI community is already boiling!

The technical community points out that the highlight of Grok is the use of GeGLU and normalization method in the forward feedback layer, and the use of interesting sandwich norm technique.

Even OpenAI employees have expressed their strong interest in Grok.

Jim Fan, a senior scientist in NVIDIA, said, "The largest open source model in history was trained by a world-class team and released through the magnetic chain Apache 2.0.

314B parameter, mixed expert model (8 experts and 2 active). Even the active parameter scale (86B) exceeds the largest Llama model. I can’t wait to see the benchmark results and what kind of applications people can build with it. "

Sebastian Raschka, an AI researcher, said that Grok is more open-source than other open-source modular models that usually have restrictions on use. However, it is less open source than Pythia, Bloom and Olmo, which provide training code and reproducible data sets.

Boris Dayma, the founder of Craiyon, analyzed the code of Grok-1 in detail.

Netizen indigo said that in order to "understand the universe", it seems that the xAI team deliberately set the parameter as "pi 314B", which is the largest open source model at present. It is expected that Llama 3 will join Grok’s open source battle in June this year.

After Grok opened the source, a big wave of fine-tuning is coming.

The first generation Grok has surpassed Llama-2-70B.

In November, 2023, xAI launched its first generation of big language model, Grok, and formally joined the big model war.

At that time, Grok used Twitter as part of the "Premium+" subscription service, with a monthly fee of $16.

XAI said that Grok’s design was inspired by The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, which can answer almost all questions and help people pursue understanding and knowledge regardless of background or political stance.

Grok’s original version, Grok-0, had 33 billion parameters, and then xAI introduced Grok-1, which was improved several times to support the Grok chat robot on X.

According to the data released by xAI, in a series of benchmark tests such as GSM8K, HumanEval and MMLU, Grok-1 outperformed LLMA-2-70b and GPT-3.5, although it was far from GPT-4.

At that time, Grok was not only able to handle the user content generated in real time on the X platform, but also had a little sense of humor, which injected a little vitality into the simple AI.

While providing information about the latest hot events (whether political or sports), it can also be clever and even occasionally sarcastic.

Why did Musk choose open source?

After mocking OpenAI as "CloseAI" several times, Musk really chose to open his own big model.

Of course, there must be commercial considerations behind this.

As a market leader, OpenAI has no reason to open source the model code behind ChatGPT.

Now, by releasing Grok’s code, Musk firmly rooted himself in the latter camp. This decision may make his xAI surpass Meta and Mistral AI.

Llama’s open source has brought many benefits to Meta, and almost made Xiaozha climb out of the quagmire of the meta-universe.

Mistral AI, which is just a small start-up, is also famous for its open source strategy and is recognized by the industry as "OpenAI in Europe".

The open source version may encourage developers and potential customers to adopt their own models more quickly, which actually plays a marketing role.

The feedback and improvement from the developer community on the open source version of Grok may also help xAI to speed up the development of new versions, which can choose to open source or keep exclusive rights.

For example, like Mistral, it promises to continue to release open source versions while retaining the most advanced models for paying customers.

Musk has always been a supporter of open source technology. Even Tesla has opened the source code of some parts of the car, and his social media platform X has published some algorithms for content ranking.

"There is still work to be done, but this platform is by far the most transparent, truth-oriented and not a high threshold platform," Musk said today in response to comments on the open source X recommendation algorithm.

Although OpenAI is still far ahead in the AI field, the war between open source and closed source is far from over.

Should the AI model be open source? Some people think that this powerful technology must be protected from intruders, while others insist that the advantages of open source absolutely outweigh the disadvantages.

As a market leader, OpenAI has no reason to open source the model code behind ChatGPT.

Now, by releasing Grok’s code, Musk firmly rooted himself in the latter camp.

This decision may enable his xAI to finally surpass Meta and Mistral AI.

References:

https://x.ai/blog/grok-os

here's your DEEP DIVE into @grok's architecture!
I just went through the https://t.co/8Y5cjeImg6, for this 314B open source behemoth with *no strings attached*.

👇🧵 pic.twitter.com/CraHKGqILe

— andrew gao (@itsandrewgao) March 17, 2024

https://www.wired.com/story/elon-musk-no-choice-open-chatbot-grok/

Original title: "Musk faces OpenAI, the world’s largest Big Mac model Grok-1 is open source! 314 billion parameters, 8 MoE, GitHub madly took 6k stars "

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CCTV News:The State Council Press Office held a regular briefing on the State Council policy at 3 pm on July 17th. Wang Jiang, Vice Minister of Industry and Information Technology, and the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice introduced the Regulations on the Protection of Payment for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and answered questions from reporters.

Wang Jiangping introduced that small and medium-sized enterprises are the most dynamic enterprise groups, an important support for expanding employment and improving people’s livelihood, and an important foundation for building a modern economic system and achieving high-quality economic development. In recent years, influenced by the complicated and changeable economic situation at home and abroad and the downward pressure on the economy, the payback period of enterprise accounts has been extended, and some organs, institutions and large enterprises have the problem of owing money to small and medium-sized enterprises to varying degrees, which has seriously infringed on the legitimate rights and interests of small and medium-sized enterprises, aggravated their financial difficulties and even endangered their survival. Small and medium-sized enterprises have strongly reflected this and attracted wide attention from all sectors of society.

The "Little Book-turning Party" is a sub-column of the "Book-turning Party" in The Paper: reading the knowledge in books in a well-documented way.

In the hit drama Ode to Joy, almost all the protagonists use Apple phones, except Qiu Yingying, who seems to have a replacement Android phone. We don’t know whether Apple also paid the advertising fee for this play, but it’s not surprising if there are a group of people around you who are using Apple phones, and everyone may encounter one or two "fruit fans" who are obsessed with Apple products and act as "free salesmen".

Martin Lindstrom of marketing guru said in his "brand brainwashing" that "fruit powder" is actually similar to Christians.

His exact words are as follows:

As we all know, no brand can become a cult-like, almost religious worship brand like Apple (in fact, in an experiment I did for my last book, when I studied the brains of Apple fans with functional magnetic resonance imaging, I found that their brain activities are similar to those of Christians), and peer pressure is the core of many Apple strategies. One of the strategies is "early recruitment", in other words, it is to sell it to children aged 13-17. This marketing activity is so effective that about 46% of the children of this age now own an iPod, and the product that children talk about most among themselves is the iPod, and a questionnaire survey shows that 82% of all high school students with portable music players use the iPod.

Once these children entered the university, Apple began to openly "recruit", hired college students to become "Apple campus representatives" and turned the whole university bookstore into a mini-Apple store. One job advertisement said, "This is a great opportunity to be an Apple spokesperson and have some fun." The job description includes hosting workshops, organizing activities, and establishing good relations with students, faculty and students’ parents. The most important thing is, "You will cooperate with the Apple team to implement marketing projects on campus, including promoting sales and raising the awareness of Apple products … We need a leader who can inspire peers and cooperate with student organizations."

This copy is very clever: who doesn’t want to think of himself as a leader, a trendsetter and a person who can inspire his peers? I would like to add that if you often go to the movies, you may think that people all over the world use Apple products-this is a victory that combines product implantation and peer pressure. In 2009, almost half of Hollywood movies-about 46%-featured Apple or Apple products. Although it is generally believed that this behavior does not involve money transactions, there is no better way to expose advertisements and brands.

Well-documented:

Martin thinks that Apple has obviously taken advantage of people’s psychology: it succumbs to some potential "peer pressure", that is, people want what others want. And the more obvious the needs of others are, the more we want what they have. According to Martin, this is what advertisers and marketers have known for a long time.

Black Friday and "11.11" snapping up may also take advantage of this psychology:

This fear of’ if someone else takes it, we will miss it’ drives fanatics to queue up at 4 am, just to get the latest iPad2 or a pair of UGG wool boots with rare colors, and this is why a bargain hunter was trampled to death outside Wal-Mart on Long Island on a black Friday a few years ago. If you bid for goods on eBay, you are likely to fall victim to this trap unconsciously. If there is only one product (for example, there is only one penguin tea set in the world), then the fear that’ others may easily get a set of mugs with orange beaks’ will drive people to raise the bid price exponentially-and pay a price far beyond the value of the product.

Martin thinks that the bestseller list also takes advantage of "peer pressure":

To know how much strangers’ preferences and purchases affect our decisions, just look at the leaderboard phenomenon. Imagine you walk into a large chain bookstore as big as a football field. Faced with a large number of choices, it is still quite risky to spend $27.99 on a novel or memoir that you later find hard to read. But wait, what’s on the independent shelf on your right? This week’s "Best-selling List of The New York Times", including fiction and non-fiction, has more than 20 books in total. Subconsciously, you think, "If so many people buy this book, it must be a good book", and then you think, "If so many people are reading this book, won’t it be out of date if I don’t read it?" Now, you not only avoid the pain of going through four floors and not knowing how to start, but also get the recognition of your peers who buy books. This is not a happy coincidence in the publishing industry. In fact, although publishers want you to believe the contents of the list, the main reason why the best-selling list existed at first was not only to track sales, but also to make us think that these books were "pre-approved"—in other words, if we didn’t read the books that everyone else was reading, we would be ill-educated, unable to keep up with the trend, and would be excluded from the national language theory.

Well-documented:

More interestingly, Martin found that even if consumers are "used", they still think that their buying behavior is rational:

Of course, we don’t always realize that the perceived popularity of goods affects our preferences. Recently, I asked 10 female fans in louis vuitton in a focus group: "Why do you like this brand so much?" Everyone mentioned the quality of zippers, leather and brand immortality. I am doubtful about that. So we scanned the brains of these 10 women with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Every time we show them pictures of louis vuitton products, the "Brodmann area 10" in the brain will be lit up, which will be activated when people see something they think is "cool". These women rationalize their buying behavior and tell themselves that they like this brand because of its high quality, but their brains know that they actually make choices because they are’ cool’. Even the brain can’t stand the fact that we are excluded, which seems to indicate that whether it is "hot" songs, "that" gifts or "trendy" designer handbags, what we finally buy has nothing to do with what we want, but more of what we think we should.

But the most interesting thing is that Martin found that even marketers themselves will fall into this trap:

For example, the planner of every advertising company I know (in most European advertising companies, this position is to do consumer research) has a beautiful Moleskine leather notebook. This was not sent when they joined the company; It has become an unwritten rule that every planner of an advertising company must own one and use it. If you don’t, it means that you are isolated and not an insider.

Book shadow:

Special feature of 1905 film network　The 2024 National Film Work Conference was held in Beijing from April 18th to 19th. Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, the conference thoroughly studied and implemented the cultural thought of the Supreme Leader and implemented the spirit of the important instructions of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on film work.

Hu Heping, Vice Minister in charge of daily work of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. Responsible comrades in charge of film work in the Propaganda Department of the Party committees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, responsible comrades in the film department, and representatives of state-owned and private film units and film professional colleges attended the meeting.

Management departments at all levels, front-line experts and scholars in the industry, industry associations and enterprises have jointly studied the latest ideas of the supreme leader’s cultural thoughts and industry management, and exchanged and shared the film work experience in 2024. In this programme, Professor Zhifina from China Academy of Art is invited to focus on the 2024 National Film Work Conference with us.

As a participant, Zhifina came to ""as soon as after the meeting and conveyed the spirit of the meeting to everyone. "This is not only a learning exchange meeting, but also a deployment summary meeting. Participants share their feelings about the development of the industry with rich emotions and express their opinions on promoting the development of the industry." Zhifina said.

The meeting pointed out that although China’s films have made good recovery achievements, there is still a certain gap with the development of high standards. Film workers should fully respect artists, doers, consumers and reformers, respect the laws of industry, market, management and communication, respect the reality of industry development, social development and international environment, be innovative in content and inclusive in extension, carry forward the main theme and spread positive energy with an open attitude.

The meeting focused on three key words: reform, consumption and creation, summed up the reasons and achievements of the film industry’s recovery since the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and made clear and comprehensive arrangements for the future film work.

Reform is the first priority.

The current policy framework of the film industry was formulated in the era of lack of domestic film development. According to the data, in 2003, there were 1800 screens and 1024 cinemas in China, with a box office of 990 million. By the end of 2023, the number of cinemas in China will reach 14,000, with 86,310 screens and a box office of 54.915 billion yuan. In the past 20 years, the number of cinemas has increased by 14 times, the number of screens has increased by 47 times, the film output has increased by 10 times, and the number of people watching movies has increased by 37 times. Obviously, the policy aimed at the era of scarcity is no longer applicable to guide the current situation of excessive hardware development in the industry, and the policy reform of the film industry is imminent.

On how to reform the film market, Zhifina put forward the "three respects" principle of respecting the laws of art, market and management.

Respect the law of art

First of all, respect the laws of art. Film workers should re-understand the open connotation of the main theme and respect artists and creators.

Respect for industrial laws

Second, respect the laws of industry. In-depth reform of marketization and industrialization of the film industry. At the distribution level, more film resources can reach the audience by means of sub-line distribution, sub-regional distribution, focus distribution, classified distribution and sub-fare distribution. In terms of publicity, traditional film companies should learn to make use of the communication advantages of the Internet, so that publicity can be effectively converted into movie attendance and more audiences can enter the cinema.

Respect the management law

Third, respect management rules. The management department should change the thinking of political achievements, actively accumulate experience, speed up the administrative examination and approval, take the survey data of movie audiences as a guide, put the focus of the reform on promoting audience consumption, and avoid using the "three axes" policy of making movies, building bases and holding festivals.

It is urgent to promote consumption and expand domestic demand.

Another key point in the meeting is to increase the audience under 25. The data of three surveys of movie audiences in 2011, 2015 and 2021 show that the average age of movie audiences has increased significantly. Zhifina explained: "I participated in the three surveys of movie audiences and found that the movie audience did not flow on a large scale. From 2011 to 2021, it was still a group of audiences, so how to attract new young audiences into the cinema is an important issue."

In order to promote the consumption of the film and television industry and expand the internal demand of the film industry, we must first ensure the content quality, formulate a reasonable price strategy, let the audience buy cheaper movie tickets, attract new audiences to enter the market, and reduce the average age of the audience. Secondly, we should improve the publicity and marketing mechanism of the film industry, so that the audience can truly understand and fall in love with the film.

Creation is the foundation of film.

Film creation that responds to the needs of the audience is the foundation of filmmakers. At this stage, the movie audience’s demand for watching movies has expanded to absorb emotional value and emotional resonance. Zhifina thinks: "Movies should provide more power to warm people’s hearts. A good movie can affect people’s life." The current film creation should fully respond to the needs of the audience and strengthen the emotional connection with the audience.

Only by adhering to the development principle of "keeping integrity, innovating and accelerating reform", embracing new technologies, opening up new markets and enhancing the sense of responsibility and mission can China’s film market flourish and remain invincible in the long-term competition.

　　At present, mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza, streptococcus pneumoniae and other respiratory pathogens are in the epidemic stage, many people are recruited, and some people have mixed infections with multiple pathogens. What is mixed infection? Who is prone to mixed infection? How to prevent it? Look at the authoritative answer.

　　What are the more popular pathogens at present?

　　Autumn and winter are the seasons with high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in children. In addition to mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, influenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and so on have appeared one after another. This is in line with the previous fashion trend.

　　At present, the most popular pathogens are mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and streptococcus pneumoniae. These respiratory tract infections usually have symptoms such as cough, expectoration, runny nose, fever and general fatigue.

　　Mixed infection means that more than two pathogens are infected at the same time. Most clinical "mixed infections" are mainly the combination of viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma.

　　Who is prone to mixed infection?

　　Children, the elderly and people with basic diseases are susceptible to respiratory diseases, and they are also more prone to mixed infection of multiple pathogens. Children should strengthen protection, avoid cross-infection, avoid contact with patients, and reduce the chance of being infected.

　　There is mixed infection, how to treat it?

　　After mixed infection, early differential diagnosis is very important. Now most medical institutions can detect influenza virus, Covid-19 and mycoplasma, which is helpful to implement targeted treatment as soon as possible.

　　If influenza or Covid-19 is complicated with mycoplasma infection or bacterial infection, it is usually necessary to add antibacterial drugs, and at the same time give symptomatic treatment such as fever reduction, cough relieving and phlegm elimination, but the use of antibacterial drugs needs the guidance of doctors. For most patients, after taking medicine, drinking plenty of water and taking enough rest according to the doctor’s advice, the condition can be relieved in 1 to 2 weeks.

　　If the fever lasts for more than 72 hours or the body temperature exceeds 40℃, or if you cough frequently, it will affect your normal life, or if you have symptoms such as chest pain, wheezing, hemoptysis, shortness of breath or dyspnea, poor spirit and frequent vomiting, you should go to the hospital in time.

　　How to prevent mixed infection?

　　Vaccination against influenza is a safe and effective way to prevent influenza, which can effectively reduce the risk of influenza virus infection, hospitalization and serious illness and death in autumn and winter. It is recommended that all ≥ People who are 6 months old and have no vaccination contraindications are actively vaccinated against influenza.

　　In daily life, you should wash your hands frequently, open more windows for ventilation, cover your nose and mouth as much as possible when coughing or sneezing, and wear a mask when necessary. During the epidemic period of respiratory diseases, try to reduce going to places where people gather.

　　Keep enough sleep and eat high-quality protein and foods rich in vitamin A and vitamin C in your diet. Do a good job in family hygiene. If any family member has respiratory tract infection, pay attention to isolation. People with chronic respiratory diseases or other chronic basic diseases should try their best to reduce going to places where people gather.

　　Audit: Wang Quan, an expert in the national health science expert database and chief physician of the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.

　　Planning: Yu Yunxi Wang Ning

Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, the dragon is in the sky, the dragon is full of vitality, and all evils are avoided. Dragon Boat Festival is a folk festival that integrates praying for good luck and evil spirits, celebrating entertainment and eating. The contents of the Dragon Boat Festival customs are rich and colorful, and these customs have entrusted people with the desire to welcome good fortune and ward off evil spirits and disasters.

one

Ba dragon boat

Boating dragon boat has a long history, and it is a multi-person collective rowing competition. Dragon boat race is divided into several sections, such as inviting dragons, offering sacrifices to the dragon gods, Youlong and collecting dragons. Before the dragon boat race, a grand sacrifice ceremony is usually held. First, the dragon is invited and the gods are sacrificed. Before the Dragon Boat Festival, it is necessary to choose an auspicious day to get out of the water, after offering sacrifices to the gods, install the dragon head and dragon tail, and then prepare for the race. Fujian and Taiwan went to Mazu Tempel to worship. In the past, when people sacrificed to the dragon gods, the atmosphere was very serious, and they prayed for blessings, good weather, evil spirits, disasters and differences, and everything went well. In Zigui, Qu Yuan’s hometown in Hubei Province, there is also a ceremony to worship Qu Yuan by rowing a dragon boat.

2

Hanging wormwood and calamus

In the Dragon Boat Festival, all kinds of flowers and plants that can drive away evil spirits and diseases have been arranged for a long time. "Ai", also known as Artemisia argyi and Artemisia argyi, contains volatile aromatic oil in its stems and leaves, and its peculiar fragrance can repel mosquitoes, flies and insect ants and purify the air. The leaves of Acorus calamus also contain volatile aromatic oil, which is a drug for refreshing, inducing resuscitation, strengthening bones and resolving stagnation, killing insects and sterilizing. People regard wormwood and calamus as one of the important contents of the Dragon Boat Festival.

three

Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival

Zongzi, or "Zongzi Zan", is commonly known as Zongzi. Its main materials are glutinous rice and stuffing, and it is wrapped with Indocalamus leaves (or Hiragi leaves) in various shapes, such as sharp corners and quadrangles. Zongzi has a long history and was originally used as a tribute to ancestors and gods. After it was introduced to the north, it was made of millet (produced in the north), which was called "horn millet". Due to the different eating habits in different places, zongzi has formed a north-south flavor; In terms of taste, zongzi can be divided into salty zongzi and sweet zongzi.

four

Herbal washing water

Herbal water, that is, Mulan decoction recorded in ancient books, can cure skin diseases and eliminate evil spirits by washing herbal water at noon. Midday is the most herbal day in a year, and medicines are everywhere. During the Dragon Boat Festival, many places in China have the custom of picking herbs, boiling herbs and bathing in water, and the medicinal properties of the Dragon Boat Festival herbs have played a vital role in it. The existing written records about the custom of washing herbs and water were first seen in the Book of Da Dai Li at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, but the orchids in this paper are not orchids, but Eupatorium odoratum or herbs of Compositae, which have fragrance and can be decocted and bathed in water. This custom still exists today and is widely popular. In Guangdong, children use wormwood and wheat medicine or flowers and plants such as wormwood, cattail, impatiens and magnolia to boil and wash, while teenagers and adult men go to rivers and beaches to take a shower, which is called washing dragon boat water to wash away bad luck and bring good luck. In Hunan, Guangxi and other places, cypress leaves, wind roots, wormwood, calamus, peach leaves and so on are boiled into liquid medicine for bathing.

five

Tie five-color silk thread

In the traditional culture of China, the five colors "blue, red, white, black and yellow" symbolizing the five elements are regarded as auspicious colors. On the Dragon Boat Festival, children should tie colorful silk threads on their wrists and ankles to ward off evil spirits. Traditionally, red, green, yellow, white and black thick silk threads were twisted into colored ropes and tied around children’s arms or necks. Since May 5th, it was not until the birthday of "Qi Nian Ma" on Tanabata that they were untied and burned together with Jin Jun.. There is also a saying that on the first rainy day after the Dragon Boat Festival, cutting off colorful threads and throwing them in the rain means that the river will wash away the plague and diseases, which means that it can get rid of evil spirits and stir up disasters, which will bring good luck for a year.

six

Draw a forehead

The custom of daubing children’s foreheads with realgar during the Dragon Boat Festival can ward off poisonous insects. The typical method is to draw the word "Wang" on children’s foreheads with realgar. One is to borrow realgar to drive away the poison, and the other is to borrow tiger’s forehead ("Wang" is like a tiger, and the tiger is the king of beasts, because it is replaced by a tiger) to suppress evil spirits. In addition to the forehead, nose and ears, it can also be applied elsewhere, with the same intention.

seven

Avoid five poisons

Due to the hot and dry weather in summer in the north, people are prone to illness and plagues are also prone to epidemic; In addition, snakes and insects are prone to bite people. People think that May is the time when the five poisons (scorpion, snake, centipede, gecko and toad) appear, and various methods should be used to prevent the harm of the five poisons. Generally, a map of five poisons is posted in the house, five poisons are printed on red paper, and then five needles are stuck on the five poisons, that is, the poisons are stabbed to death and can no longer be rampant. Folk also embroidered five poisons on clothes and decorated cakes with five poisons patterns, all of which meant expelling them.

Original title: "May Zongxiang, Dragon Boat Festival Ankang | How much do you know about Dragon Boat Festival customs?"

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The gesture of "the arrow is on the string, ready to go" is the most valuable thing for China Post Insurance at present.

Text/Daily Financial Report Zhang Jing

From the perspective of the insurance industry, 2021 is actually not "carefree". At the beginning of the year, the start of the year was blocked, the premium continued to grow negatively, the number of agents dropped sharply, and the supervision orientation continued to tighten. Unexpected changes made the enterprises in the bureau generally "take care of one thing and lose another", which also intensified the Matthew effect.

For a long time, as a life insurance company under China Post Group Co., Ltd., China Post Insurance Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China Post Insurance") has enjoyed a unique "channel advantage", and at the same time, relying on the long-term value growth concept, its overall business has developed rapidly.

On April 30, the 2021 annual report released by China Post Insurance showed that the annual operating income of China Post Insurance reached 102.318 billion yuan, an increase of 9.10% over last year, breaking through the 100 billion mark for the first time; The net profit reached 1.403 billion yuan, an increase of 6.61% over the same period of last year; Total assets exceeded 400 billion yuan, reaching 400.989 billion yuan, up 41.29% year-on-year. It can be seen that steady development and value transformation are still the main theme of China Post Insurance.

The insiders believe that the performance of China Post Insurance not only shows the company’s good management level, but also lays the foundation for a large insurance company like a "dark horse" rising against the trend.

Adhering to the brilliant performance, China Post Insurance also indicated its future strategic deployment at the working meeting held at the beginning of this year, conveying its strategic determination to focus on building a first-class insurance company in the industry. Coupled with the new pattern of just joining hands with AIA, the morale of China Post Insurance is booming, and it is expected to rapidly transform and iterate in the future, and then achieve a new leap in development.

01

The performance has gone further, and the main business has blossomed.

Steady development is the key word of China Post Insurance in 2021.

According to the annual report data, the company’s insurance business income climbed to 85.809 billion yuan in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 4.65%; Investment income reached 16.618 billion yuan, an increase of 33.38% over the same period of last year. It is worth noting that China Post Insurance achieved profitability in the fifth year of its establishment, and has been profitable for eight consecutive years, breaking the law of "seven levels and eight profits" for life insurance companies.

From the perspective of business structure, in 2021, under the guidance of the overall risk goal of "prudence, stability and moderate risk", China Post Insurance increased the proportion of high-value products business by vigorously promoting the optimization and transformation of business structure, and its business structure was continuously optimized and widely recognized by the market.

Among them, the installment payment business has surpassed the wholesale payment business and has become the "growth responsibility" of China Post Insurance’s performance income last year. The financial report shows that the business income of China Post Insurance in 2021 was 72.775 billion yuan, accounting for 84.81% of the business income; The wholesale payment business reached 13.034 billion yuan, accounting for 15.19% of the total business income.

At the same time, China Post’s insurance risk preference system is constantly improving. The data shows that in 2021, its core solvency adequacy ratio and comprehensive solvency adequacy ratio are 101% and 156% respectively. The comprehensive risk rating for the whole year remained at Class A level, achieving a balance among capital, risk and income. Moreover, in 2021, there was no major risk event in China Post Insurance, and the risk bottom line was firmly held.

02

Continuous value transformation can continue excellent performance.

At the beginning of this year, China Post Insurance announced that China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission approved the increase of the company’s registered capital from 21.5 billion yuan to 28.663 billion yuan, and AIA subscribed for a new registered capital of 7.163 billion yuan. This means that after the capital increase is completed, AIA will become the single second largest shareholder of China Post Insurance, with a shareholding ratio of 24.99%.

Then, on January 14th, China Post Insurance held the 2022 working conference, which gave the direction for the next company’s development.

Liu Aili, Party Secretary and Chairman of China Post Group Corporation, said that in 2021, China Post Insurance accelerated its value growth, continuously improved its professional operation ability, and achieved coordinated development of speed, scale, quality and efficiency, and the strategic position of the new growth pole became increasingly prominent.

At the same time, it is emphasized that 2022 is an important year connecting the preceding with the following in the 14th Five-Year Plan, and it is the closing year of the three-year action plan for the reform of state-owned enterprises, and China Post has entered a new stage of building its core competitive advantage. It is not difficult to figure out that the long-term development strategic goal of China Post Insurance in the future is to become a first-class insurance company in the industry.

At the meeting, General Manager Li Xuejun also deployed the key tasks of this year from five aspects: First, deeply cultivate the main channels and cultivate the new advantages of postal banking; Second, actively expand auxiliary channels and realize the new layout of multiple channels; The third is to enhance the ability of specialized investment and seek new breakthroughs in assets; The fourth is to promote digital transformation and stimulate new impetus for empowerment (310328); The fifth is to speed up the construction of a strong headquarters and promote the new transformation of functions.

Simply explain, the first two points are the positioning of the channel, that is, confirming the development foundation of the "double mail channel"; The latter three points put forward further requirements for the company’s transformation and upgrading.

On the other hand, in the business environment where the industry is generally cold, AIA has become a benchmark enterprise for the transformation of domestic life insurance companies with its long-term outstanding performance. With AIA’s shareholding, it has undoubtedly released more expectations to the outside world, and it will form a pattern of "reinforcement and completion" in the future.

All in all, standing at the development node of the industry today, China Post Insurance not only demonstrated its position in the industry through its performance, but also released the attitude of "the arrow is on the line and ready to go" at other levels, which is really commendable.

Disclaimer: This article is written based on published materials or information provided by interviewees. The information or opinions expressed do not constitute investment advice for anyone, and are for reference only. The picture material comes from network intrusion and deletion.

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　　Qingming is approaching, and a big wave of travel peaks is about to be "killed".

　　Many people are asking:

　　On the morning of March 25th, the Information Office of Shenzhen Municipal Government organized a special press conference for this purpose, inviting representatives from Shenzhen Civil Affairs Bureau, Municipal Health and Health Commission, Municipal Transportation Bureau and Municipal Emergency Management Bureau to answer public questions.

　　First of all, give everyone a "reassuring pill"

　　Chang Juping, deputy director of the Shenzhen Municipal Health and Health Commission, said that at present, the epidemic situation in the country is relatively stable, and all areas in Guangdong belong to low-risk areas. During the Qingming period, it is not necessary to provide proof of nucleic acid testing.

　　However, according to the requirements of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, the following four categories of personnel are not allowed to participate in the sweeping activities:

　　Persons who have lived abroad (including abroad, Hong Kong and Taiwan) within 14 days;

　　Persons who have lived in high-risk areas in China within 14 days;

　　Close contacts less than 7 days after the release of 14 days of isolation;

　　Persons with acute respiratory symptoms such as fever and cough.

　　At the same time, it is suggested that citizens should remain vigilant during the Qingming holiday, minimize gatherings and do personal protection.

　　Xiong Ying, director of Shenzhen Civil Affairs Bureau, said that due to the suspension of on-site sacrifice sweeping in Qingming last year, it is expected that all kinds of sacrifice sweeping places in Shenzhen will usher in the peak of people gathering this year, and the number of people who sacrifice sweeping may reach more than 700,000. Please abide by the epidemic prevention and control, fire protection, transportation and other relevant regulations, conduct civilized sacrifice sweeping, and advocate home memorial, online sacrifice sweeping, off-peak sacrifice sweeping and smokeless sacrifice sweeping.

　　Special reminder: You must make an appointment to attend the on-site sacrifice in Shenzhen.

　　Appointment method-

　　Online Reservation: "Smart Funeral" Module of "I Shenzhen" APP

　　Telephone appointment:"Shenzhen Civil Affairs Online" official website has issued an appointment number for the city’s cemeteries and columbariums.

　　Since the opening of the appointment on March 20, as of 18: 00 on March 24, the number of people who have made an appointment for the on-site sacrifice has reached 135,800.

　　This year, Shenzhen will continue to carry out green ecological burial. On the morning of March 31, sea burial and tree burial will be held in the whole city. The sea burial place is in Dapeng Bay and the tree burial place is Yoshida Cemetery in Longgang. The public can call 0755-86005056 or 89570408 to inquire about the handling process.

　　Xu Zhongping, deputy director of the Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Transportation, said that in order to cope with the peak of Qingming travel, Shenzhen opened a special line to repay the blessings and the Qingming Festival in the city funeral home; At the same time, bus companies are required to increase the capacity and encrypt the frequency of more than 100 bus lines passing through key sacrificial sites and tourist attractions at any time depending on the passenger flow, and reserve 45 buses in key areas such as the city funeral parlour and the window of the world for emergency.

　　Yang Jie, deputy director of Shenzhen Emergency Management Bureau, said that during the Qingming period, Shenzhen will strictly grasp forest fire prevention, with 305 important intersections "guarded", 170 important hilltops "watched" and 169 cemeteries "patrolled".

　　According to the weather forecast, it is difficult to see the scene of "rainy in Qingming Festival" in Shenzhen this year, and the situation of forest fire prevention is more severe. Since January, forest fires have occurred in Shenshan, Nanshan and Dapeng New District, most of which are related to unsafe behaviors, including smoking, burning weeds and burning paper money.

go for a spring outing on the Qingming Festival

Don’t step on the roadside wild mushrooms

　　The Shenzhen Municipal Health and Health Commission specially reminded that every spring and summer is the high incidence season of poisonous mushroom poisoning. Most poisonous mushrooms look similar to edible mushrooms and cannot be distinguished with the naked eye.

　　Some identification methods circulated among the people, such as: brightly colored and beautiful-looking mushrooms are poisonous, and those that turn black after frying with silverware and garlic are poisonous …

　　There is no scientific basis.

　　Therefore, during the Qingming period, citizens must not eat any wild mushrooms when they go out for a walk in Shang Huashi.

　　If you eat poisonous mushrooms by mistake, you should immediately call 120 ambulance, cover with blankets and keep samples of poisonous mushrooms to find out the cause of poisoning.

　　By 24: 00 on March 24th, Shenzhen had reported 500 confirmed cases (including 77 imported cases) and 260 asymptomatic infected cases in COVID-19. At present, there are 5 confirmed cases in the hospital in the city, all of which are general cases, and 6 asymptomatic infected people are under medical observation.

　　Generally speaking, the epidemic situation in the city is generally stable, with no new imported cases, no new local cases and no new asymptomatic local infected persons for 60 consecutive days.

　　Shenzhen no longer implemented the "14+7" policy for immigrants, but instead implemented a 14-day centralized isolation medical observation measure. During the isolation period, nucleic acids were detected four times on the first, fourth, seventh and fourteenth days.

　　After 14 days of isolation, if the nucleic acid test result is negative, the isolation observation can be lifted and the free flow is allowed. Measures such as extending the time limit, home isolation, home health management and community health management shall not be taken for those who have been released from isolation.

　　Among them, the entry personnel whose destination is Shenzhen and meets the conditions of home isolation, and whose nucleic acid test is negative, can voluntarily apply for "7+7" isolation medical observation measures, that is, centralized isolation observation for 7 days+home isolation observation for 7 days.

　　As of March 24th, Shenzhen has vaccinated 2.09 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine and 1.44 million people. The next step will be to vaccinate all kinds of people with Covid-19 vaccine in stages according to the unified arrangements of the state and the province.

Sources of information: Shenzhen Municipal Government Information Office and Shenzhen Municipal Health and Health Commission.

　　CCTV News:Issued by Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, December 3rd 0— At 1500 hours, there were 1,392 new cases of COVID-19 virus infection in Beijing. Among them, there were 1228 isolated observers and 164 social screening personnel; There are 420 cases in Chaoyang District, 144 cases in Fengtai District, 103 cases in Changping District, 101 cases in Xicheng District, 96 cases in Tongzhou District, 89 cases in Daxing District, 80 cases in Shunyi District, 71 cases in Economic Development Zone, 64 cases in Dongcheng District, 51 cases in Haidian District, 43 cases in Shijingshan District, 39 cases in Mentougou District, 22 cases in Yanqing District, 21 cases in Pinggu District, 19 cases in Huairou District and Fangshan District. There were 1 case of critical type, 1 case of severe type, 14 cases of common type, 349 cases of light type and 1027 cases of asymptomatic infection.

　　Infected persons 1 to 64: currently living in Dongcheng District. Among them, there were 61 isolated observers and 3 social screening personnel; There were 1 common case, 9 mild cases and 54 asymptomatic infected cases.

　　Infected people 65 to 165: now living in Xicheng District. Among them, 82 cases were isolated observers and 19 cases were social screening personnel; There were 25 cases of mild infection and 76 cases of asymptomatic infection.

　　Infected persons 166 to 585: now living in Chaoyang District. Among them, there were 395 isolated observers and 25 social screening personnel; 1 case was severe, 98 cases were mild and 321 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected persons 586 to 729: now living in Fengtai District. Among them, there were 117 isolated observers and 27 social screening personnel; 1 case was critical, 11 cases were common, 24 cases were mild, and 108 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected people 730 to 772: now living in Shijingshan District. Among them, 36 cases were isolated observers and 7 cases were social screening personnel; There were 2 cases of common type, 24 cases of mild type and 17 cases of asymptomatic infection.

　　Infected persons 773 to 823: now living in Haidian District. Among them, there were 46 isolated observers and 5 social screening personnel; 31 cases were mild and 20 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected persons 824 to 862: currently living in Mentougou District. Among them, there were 27 isolated observers and 12 social screening personnel; 4 cases were mild and 35 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected persons 863 to 878: now living in Fangshan District. Among them, there were 14 isolated observers and 2 social screening personnel; 2 cases were mild and 14 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected persons 879 to 974: currently living in Tongzhou District. Among them, 89 cases were isolated observers and 7 cases were social screening personnel; 35 cases were mild and 61 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected persons 975 to 1054: now living in Shunyi District. All are isolated observers; There were 18 cases of mild infection and 62 cases of asymptomatic infection.

　　Infected persons from 1055 to 1157: now living in Changping District. Among them, 85 cases were isolated observers and 18 cases were social screening personnel; There were 18 cases of mild infection and 85 cases of asymptomatic infection.

　　Infected persons from 1158 to 1246: now living in Daxing District. Among them, 82 cases were isolated observers and 7 cases were social screening personnel; 1 case was mild and 88 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected persons from 1247 to 1265: now living in Huairou District. Among them, there were 15 isolated observers and 4 social screening personnel; 6 cases were mild and 13 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected persons from 1266 to 1286: now living in Pinggu District. Among them, there were 17 isolated observers and 4 social screening personnel; 9 cases were mild and 12 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected persons from 1287 to 1299: now living in Miyun District. Among them, there were 11 isolated observers and 2 social screening personnel; 5 cases were mild and 8 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected people from 1300 to 1321: now living in Yanqing District. Among them, 9 cases were isolated observers and 13 cases were social screening personnel; 16 cases were mild and 6 cases were asymptomatic.

　　Infected persons 1322 to 1392: currently living in the Economic Development Zone. Among them, there were 62 isolated observers and 9 social screening personnel; There were 24 cases of mild infection and 47 cases of asymptomatic infection.

　

　　On April 13th, in front of the 14,000-square-meter surname square in the hometown of Huangdi in Xinzheng, Henan Province, the workers were doing the final polishing. It is reported that this surname wallIt is the first in China, and more than 3,000 surnames are carved on the walls of five surnames. China News Agency issued Li Zhiquan photo

　　　　BEIJING: The Hong Kong newspaper published an article on China’s rare and strange surname today. The content is as follows.

　　　　Surname is a very unique cultural phenomenon in China civilization. Behind every surname, there is a true story. Among many surnames, five surnames are both very rare and daunting.

　　　　die

　　　　It is said to be the penultimate "little surname". The "death" surname is mainly distributed in the northwest of China, which was developed from the four-character compound surname of ethnic minorities in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Both the East and the West are very shy about this kind of thing and are unwilling to open their mouths and shut up. However, with this as the surname, there is no way out, which is nothing more than an unlucky impression.

　　　　difficult

　　　　According to statistics, this is the penultimate surname of China. This is "difficult", read the sound. All the men, women and children who live in four small villages in Henan Province for generations are surnamed "Nan". This reminds the outside world of unpleasant things such as disasters and difficulties.

　　　　It is said that the surname "Nan" moved northward with Xianbei, and the Songhua River was renamed "Nan Jiang" at that time. After several twists and turns, it was difficult for Xianbei people to set foot on the Korean peninsula.

　　　　black

　　　　Any culture advocates openness and darkness, and often has a bad feeling. As a surname, this word is pronounced "He". It’s just embarrassing to fall on paper.

　　　　old

　　　　As soon as you are born, you will be called "Lao …". If you don’t want to, you have to be called so. The word "Lao" will be with you all your life. Such as "old baby" and "old lady". There are two versions of this surname. As soon as it was said that it was changed from the Manchu surname of "Sakda" to the Han surname, the Manchu language of "Sakda" meant "old". Yi Shuo is one of the four indigenous surnames in Foshan, Guangdong.

　　　　poison

　　　　This surname, when called, sounds very scary. Who wants to deal with Mr. and Mrs. Poison? Even people with these surnames, no matter how warm-hearted they are, let strangers breed some fear. It is said that there was a poisonous family in Guogou, Taibao City, Chiayi County, Taiwan Province, whose ancestors were translators of the Qing Dynasty. After several generations of single biography, now, six men have been bred.

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Editor: Sun Jie