Trump’s "olive branch" was categorically rejected by Iran.

Just before Iran recently held a routine annual military exercise in advance in the Persian Gulf, Trump, who recently sent Iran a "capital tweet" implying the use of force, unexpectedly said that he was ready to meet with Iranian leaders at any time without preconditions: "I am willing to meet, especially when I may face problems such as war, death and famine. There is nothing wrong with meeting. " "If they (Iran) want to, I am ready to meet them at any time." "There is no precondition. If they want to meet, I will. " Trump’s bizarre "olive branch" was not only categorically rejected by Iranian conservatives and moderates, but also failed to change Iran’s Persian Gulf military exercises as scheduled, and was criticized by the media at home and abroad.

Since Trump announced his withdrawal from the Iranian nuclear deal on May 8 this year, the diplomatic game and public criticism between the United States and Iran have never stopped. At present, the international community, especially international public opinion, is doubly concerned about whether the game between the United States and Iraq is developing in the direction of opening peace talks or evolving in the direction of opening war? Opening peace talks is undoubtedly big news, and opening war is even bigger news. This is undoubtedly another unpredictable suspense that Trump has created for the world. In my opinion, in the short term, there is no possibility for the United States and Iraq to start negotiations, let alone war. The two sides are still in the stage of diplomatic game and public opinion attack and defense between pressure and anti-pressure, sanctions and anti-sanctions.

Trump’s diplomatic "soap opera" was embarrassed.

Trump’s casual attitude is not serious, and it is naturally difficult to cause serious treatment and response from Iran. Trump’s loose talk shows that the United States and Iraq can hold unconditional negotiations, which is a manifestation of his capricious and consistent style. Just a few hours before Trump’s speech, US Secretary of State Pompeo also said that the United States and Iran would never hold unconditional talks, and Pompeo was nicknamed "the mouse in the maze" by the media.

Although Trump’s diplomacy is unpredictable, it has also formed a certain "diplomatic routine" on many crisis issues: first, it issued extreme threats, then changed its position, held talks, and finally announced its victory. The most typical case is Trump’s North Korean diplomacy. However, the Iranian nuclear issue is not only fundamentally different from the DPRK nuclear issue, but also Iran’s complicated bureaucratic system, especially the dual structure of conservative and reform forces, and the constraints of religious leaders on the president are very different from North Korea’s power structure, and the geopolitical environment in which the two hot issues are located is also very different. What’s more, the US-DPRK summit was realized under the pressure and communication of Trump for eight months after he took office.

Therefore, Trump’s loose talk about holding US-Iran talks was also accused by the media as a "diplomatic soap opera", and Iran, which has been engaged in diplomacy on the Iranian nuclear issue for 15 years since 2003, naturally will not make a positive response at will. The prospect that it is difficult for the United States and Iran to hold negotiations in the short term is just as Gerald Blank, an expert at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in the United States, said: "Iran’s domestic political structure is much more complicated than that in the northern part of the peninsula, and it is not interested in diplomacy with the United States, especially after Trump asked the United States to withdraw from the multinational agreement known as the Joint Comprehensive Action Plan." "At present, if anyone in the Iranian government tries to contact Trump, they are severely criticized by others."

The reaction made by Iran also proves this point. Motahari, deputy speaker of the Iranian parliament, pointed out: "After Trump made an arrogant talk to Iran, negotiation is impossible. This is an insult. " Iranian Interior Minister Fazley said: "The United States cannot be trusted. How can people trust after the United States is arrogant and unilaterally withdraws from the nuclear agreement? " Arribi, director of the Iranian project of the World Crisis Group, commented that "no Iranian leader will meet with the US president who has repeatedly threatened Iran, attacked the Iranian leadership and violated the nuclear agreement at this time."

"Old hatreds and new foes" make the United States and Iraq not qualified for negotiations.

In essence, Trump’s idea that the United States and Iran can negotiate unconditionally is more of a diplomatic strategy, which not only alleviates the international community’s widespread criticism that the United States unilaterally withdrew from the Iranian nuclear deal, but also shifts the responsibility for regional tensions to Iran. At the same time, it is also a strategy to aggravate Iran’s domestic contradictions and disrupt Iran’s domestic political ecology. However, its arbitrariness and hypocrisy can be described as obvious, and Iran, which has rich diplomatic experience, will naturally not take it.

Of course, the deeper root of the difficulty in holding negotiations between the United States and Iran lies in the serious distrust accumulated by the confrontation between the United States and Iran in the past 40 years since the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979. The contradictions between the two sides spread throughout the social system, ideology and practical interests. From the beginning of the Islamic Revolution when the United States broke off diplomatic relations with Iran to the hostage crisis, from the 1980s when the United States supported Iraq to confront Iran in the Iran-Iraq war to the Clinton administration’s containment policy, to the Bush administration’s characterization of Iran as an "axis of evil" and its long-term sanctions against Iraq, and now the Trump administration brazenly withdrew from the hard-won the Iranian nuclear deal and exerted extreme pressure on Iran, it can be said that the old hatred between the United States and Iraq has not been solved, and new hatred has been added.

Therefore, negotiations between the United States and Iran are not realistic at all, just as Mehmetali Jaafari, commander-in-chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, said: "Iranians will not allow government officials to meet with the Great Satan." of course，Contact between the United States and Iran through a third party is not excluded. Some analysts pointed out that Oman’s foreign minister visited Tehran and Washington one after another last month, which is likely to play an information communication role between the United States and Iran.After Rouhani came to power in 2013, it was Oman that brokered the bridge between Iran and the United States, which finally led to the resumption of US-Iran contacts and Iranian nuclear talks. According to reports, Trump had sent the message of holding bilateral talks to Iran eight times before. However, the United States kept pressing and shouting about the talks. In addition, the Iranian nuclear deal involved China, the European Union and Russia, which made Iran not easily hold bilateral talks with the United States, and even more afraid of falling into the diplomatic trap set by Trump.

Judging from the future trend, the possibility that the United States and Iran will return to negotiations will not be ruled out even if the United States exerts certain pressure on Iran and forces Iran to compromise in some areas of the 12 conditions put forward by the United States (such as Syria and other issues), but this will not happen overnight, and it is difficult for Iran to abandon other parties in the Iranian nuclear deal and negotiate with the United States alone.

The weight of war: the United States and Iraq can’t bear it.

From the perspective of the United States, although Trump has changed the Middle East policy during the Obama era since he took office, he has continued to exert his strength on the three hot issues of Syria, Palestine and Israel, but its essence is still to maximize the benefits with the minimum investment, and its core is to consolidate the alliance with Saudi Arabia and Israel and profit from it by shaping Iran into a regional core threat. However, Trump, who gives priority to the interests of the United States, revives the domestic economy and ensures the victory of the mid-term congressional elections, has no systematic plan to go to war with Iran rashly. This may be one of the specific reasons why Trump recently said that the United States and Iran can negotiate unconditionally. Its purpose is to cool down the situation in the Gulf region, which is becoming more tense in the context of Iran’s recent military exercises.

In essence, the United States should be well aware of the disastrous consequences of going to war with Iran. If it chooses a "preemptive" war to completely overthrow the Iranian regime, it will trigger regional turmoil and even a full-scale war, and will impact the international energy market and the whole world economy. If limited military strikes involving Israeli, Saudi and other allies are chosen, the United States will not be able to change the Iranian regime in a short period of time, and Iran will definitely choose to threaten to block the US military bases in the Strait of Hormuz and intensify the conflicts in Syria, Yemen and other regions in an all-round way, and the forces fostered by Iran in the Middle East will continue to create troubles. Iranian President Rouhani warned that the war between the United States and Iran would be "the mother of all wars", and this is the profound meaning. The strategic depth of Iran and the Persian nationality’s resistance to power will also be feared by the United States, and the lessons of the United States in Iraq and Afghanistan are just around the corner. Therefore, if Trump is still rational, it is unlikely that the United States will choose to launch a war against Iran.

Iran is facing more serious challenges. The contradiction between Iran’s conservatives and reformists has intensified after the United States restarted sanctions, and the people’s livelihood crisis aggravated by a large number of foreign capital fleeing, currency depreciation and soaring prices has made Rouhani face the phenomenon of "second term curse" of the president in Iranian politics (that is, both reformist and conservative presidents will hit a wall in their second term and end up in a bleak way, and hostile factions will come to power in the next presidential election) more serious, while the United States has become Rouhani’s "second term curse". At present, coping with economic difficulties internally and alleviating the economic crisis; Saving the Iranian nuclear deal from the outside world and easing the pressure of U.S. sanctions are the top priority of the Rouhani administration, which makes it not take the initiative to choose war at all. At present, although Iran has held a very high-profile military exercise, Iran will not easily take actions such as blocking the the Strait of Hormuz to aggravate tensions without a comprehensive or limited military strike by the United States.

Based on the above factors, in a certain period of time in the future, the United States and Iran will continue to struggle mainly in the fields of diplomacy, economy and public opinion, supplemented by mutual deterrence in the military field, and even the friction between the two sides in a third-party battlefield such as Syria will not be ruled out, but it is unlikely that the two sides will engage in direct local wars and total wars.

Of course, the United States will hope that Iran’s economic collapse and even regime collapse will be caused by extreme pressure, and Iran’s political and economic difficulties will naturally continue to intensify. However, Iran’s political toughness is much higher than that of Arab countries where regime changes have taken place before. The political system of the Islamic Republic, which combines religious centralization with democratic elections, a relatively complete bureaucratic system, the mutual restriction between the two forces of reform and conservatism, the absolute loyalty of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, and the regime’s ability to resist pressure for a long time under war and sanctions, are all factors that enable the Iranian regime to maintain its resilience.

Therefore, before the end of the mid-term elections in the United States this year and the deadline set by the United States for the termination of trade relations with Iran (November 4), the relationship between the United States and Iran will remain in a stalemate, and its future development remains to be observed and evaluated.

(The author is the director and professor of the Middle East Institute of Shanghai International Studies University)

In the process of house decoration, the treatment of blank wall is a key link, which directly affects the quality and effect of subsequent decoration. The following will introduce in detail the proper treatment method of blank wall and the aspects that need to be paid attention to in the treatment process.

First of all, a comprehensive inspection of the blank wall is the first step. It is necessary to carefully check whether there are cracks, hollowing and other problems on the wall. You can tap the wall with a small hammer and judge whether there is empty drum by sound. If cracks are found, small cracks can be treated with special crack repairing agent; For larger cracks, it is necessary to cut the cracks first and then fill them with cement mortar. If there is an empty drum, the empty drum part should be eradicated and repaired with cement mortar again.

Followed by the treatment of the wall base. This includes cleaning the dust, oil and other impurities on the wall. You can use brooms, vacuum cleaners and other tools to clean up and ensure that the walls are clean and tidy. After that, choose the appropriate treatment method according to the flatness of the wall. If the flatness of the wall is poor and the error exceeds 5mm, it is recommended to use gypsum to level the wall first. Gypsum has the advantages of fast solidification and strong adhesion, which can effectively improve the flatness of the wall. If the wall flatness is good and the error is within 5mm, you can directly blow putty.

Scraping putty is an important step in the treatment of blank wall. Generally, it is necessary to scrape the putty for 2-3 times, and the interval between each time is 1-2 days, so that the putty can be fully dried. Pay attention to the technique when scraping putty, try to keep it even and flat, and avoid sagging and bumps. After scraping the putty for the last time, use sandpaper to polish the wall to make it smoother and more delicate. Pay even attention when polishing to avoid polishing marks.

After completing the above steps, you can decorate the wall. Common wall decoration materials include latex paint and wallpaper. If you choose latex paint, you should first paint the wall with primer before painting. The primer can enhance the adhesion between the wall and the top coat, and at the same time, it can also play a role in moisture prevention and mildew prevention. Topcoat generally needs to be painted for 2-3 times, and a certain time should be separated between each time. If you choose wallpaper, you should first paint a layer of basement membrane on the wall to prevent the wallpaper from being damp and moldy.

In the process of dealing with the blank wall, we also need to pay attention to the following aspects. The temperature and humidity of the construction environment have great influence on the wall treatment effect. Generally speaking, the construction temperature should be between 5℃ and 35℃, and the relative humidity should be below 85%. If the ambient temperature is too low or the humidity is too high, it will affect the drying speed of putty and latex paint, leading to problems such as cracking and peeling on the wall. In addition, pay attention to safety during construction and wear protective equipment, such as masks and gloves. When using electric tools, we should operate in strict accordance with the operating rules to avoid safety accidents.

The following table compares the advantages and disadvantages of different wall treatment materials:

In a word, it is necessary to properly handle the blank wall according to the correct steps, and at the same time pay attention to the construction environment and safety issues, so as to create a beautiful and durable wall.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

　　On April 13th, in front of the 14,000-square-meter surname square in the hometown of Huangdi in Xinzheng, Henan Province, the workers were doing the final polishing. It is reported that this surname wallIt is the first in China, and more than 3,000 surnames are carved on the walls of five surnames. China News Agency issued Li Zhiquan photo

　　　　BEIJING: The Hong Kong newspaper published an article on China’s rare and strange surname today. The content is as follows.

　　　　Surname is a very unique cultural phenomenon in China civilization. Behind every surname, there is a true story. Among many surnames, five surnames are both very rare and daunting.

　　　　die

　　　　It is said to be the penultimate "little surname". The "death" surname is mainly distributed in the northwest of China, which was developed from the four-character compound surname of ethnic minorities in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Both the East and the West are very shy about this kind of thing and are unwilling to open their mouths and shut up. However, with this as the surname, there is no way out, which is nothing more than an unlucky impression.

　　　　difficult

　　　　According to statistics, this is the penultimate surname of China. This is "difficult", read the sound. All the men, women and children who live in four small villages in Henan Province for generations are surnamed "Nan". This reminds the outside world of unpleasant things such as disasters and difficulties.

　　　　It is said that the surname "Nan" moved northward with Xianbei, and the Songhua River was renamed "Nan Jiang" at that time. After several twists and turns, it was difficult for Xianbei people to set foot on the Korean peninsula.

　　　　black

　　　　Any culture advocates openness and darkness, and often has a bad feeling. As a surname, this word is pronounced "He". It’s just embarrassing to fall on paper.

　　　　old

　　　　As soon as you are born, you will be called "Lao …". If you don’t want to, you have to be called so. The word "Lao" will be with you all your life. Such as "old baby" and "old lady". There are two versions of this surname. As soon as it was said that it was changed from the Manchu surname of "Sakda" to the Han surname, the Manchu language of "Sakda" meant "old". Yi Shuo is one of the four indigenous surnames in Foshan, Guangdong.

　　　　poison

　　　　This surname, when called, sounds very scary. Who wants to deal with Mr. and Mrs. Poison? Even people with these surnames, no matter how warm-hearted they are, let strangers breed some fear. It is said that there was a poisonous family in Guogou, Taibao City, Chiayi County, Taiwan Province, whose ancestors were translators of the Qing Dynasty. After several generations of single biography, now, six men have been bred.

More historical news:

In 1966, Mao Zedong lived in seclusion in the "Drip Cave": 11 mysterious days.

Recent situation of Lin Biao’s beautiful daughter-in-law Zhang Ning (photos)

Ye Ting’s son uncovers the mystery of Ye Ting air crash (Figure)

Mao Zedong’s dying state of mind.

Zhang Yufeng’s first disclosure: part of the truth I know about Mao Zedong

Top Ten Anti-Japanese Generals of Kuomintang Army (Photos)

The little-known past of Chiang Kai-shek’s ace, Zhang Lingfu

Old age: Chiang Kai-shek’s crying after 49 years in exile

Absolute beauty is both talented and beautiful: the top ten beauties in old Shanghai.

Shi Hai: Zhang Xueliang’s guard battalion commander recalled the process of catching Jiang in Xi ‘an Incident (Figure)

Editor: Sun Jie

[CNMO Technology News] According to Taiwan Province’s "Economic Daily" quoted analysts, global consumer electronics giant Apple may purchase chip orders with a total amount of NT$ 1 trillion (about US$ 33 billion) from TSMC in 2025, which will become an important driving force for TSMC’s revenue growth. The analysis pointed out that this estimate is based on the background that TSMC’s share in Apple products continues to increase and its wafer fab in Arizona is about to play a key role.

Apple CEO Cook has repeatedly stressed that Apple is the biggest customer of TSMC’s Arizona plant. With TSMC’s continuous lead in advanced process, its upcoming 2 nm process is expected to be the main factor to increase Apple’s order amount.

The data shows that in TSMC’s revenue in the first quarter of 2025, the 3 nm process contributed 22%, a significant increase of 13 percentage points compared with 9% in the same period of 2024; However, the contribution of 5 nm and 7 nm processes decreased by 1 and 4 percentage points respectively. Analysts pointed out that the growth of 3 nm revenue is mainly due to Apple’s extensive use of this process for iPhone chips, and future 2 nm orders are expected to bring greater growth momentum.

According to reports, Apple’s purchase of chips from TSMC in 2024 was about NT$ 624 billion. If orders increase to 1 trillion yuan in 2025, it will mean an annual growth rate of 60%. However, analysts believe that the order amount in 2025 may fluctuate between 800 billion yuan and 1 trillion yuan, depending on the mass production progress of TSMC’s 2 nm process and the capacity climb of Arizona plant. If the median is 900 billion yuan, the annual growth rate will also reach 44%.

TSMC’s total revenue in 2024 was 90 billion US dollars. If Apple’s orders meet expectations, it will significantly increase Apple’s proportion in TSMC’s overall revenue and further consolidate its position as the largest customer.

At present, TSMC is facing fierce competition from Samsung and Intel in the field of advanced process. Among them, Intel plans to mass-produce the 18A process in 2025, trying to gain a share in the wafer foundry market. However, TSMC continues to be the most advanced wafer foundry in the world with its 2-nanometer process based on the new generation ring grid (GAA) architecture.

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory issued an orange warning for typhoon at 10: 00 on August 30th. The center of Typhoon Sura (super typhoon) No.9 this year is located at 9: 00 am today (30th) on the sea surface about 580 kilometers south-east of Huilai, Guangdong Province, which is 20.2 degrees north latitude and 121.0 degrees east longitude. The maximum wind force near the center is above 17 (62m/s), and the minimum pressure at the center is 915 hectopascals.

　　It is estimated that "Sura" will move to the northwest at a speed of 10-15 kilometers per hour, move into the northeastern South China Sea on the night of the 30th or the early morning of the 31st, and gradually approach the coastal areas from eastern Guangdong to southern Fujian. It may land on the above coastal areas during the day on September 1st (strong typhoon level or super typhoon level, 45-52m/s, 14-16), or it may move to the south-west direction in the coastal areas of eastern Guangdong.

　　Gale forecast:From 14: 00 on August 30 to 14: 00 on August 31, there will be strong winds of 6-8 grades and gusts of 9-10 grades in bashi channel, Taiwan Province Strait, the sea south of the east of Taiwan Province, the northeastern South China Sea, the coastal areas of Fujian, the southern coast of Taiwan Province Island and the coastal areas of central and eastern Guangdong. Among them, the winds in bashi channel and the easterly waters of the northeastern South China Sea are 9-11 grades, and the winds in some sea areas can reach 12-13 grades.

　　Precipitation forecast:From 14: 00 on August 30 to 14: 00 on August 31, there were heavy rains in parts of central and eastern Fujian, eastern and southern Taiwan Province Island, and local heavy rains (100-150 mm).

　　Defense guide:

　　1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue.

　　2. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.

　　3. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude.

　　4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easy to be blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will. They should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, so as to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind.

　　5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

1905 movie network news　On the evening of November 18th, the second Chinese documentary film conference "Golden Gull" was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong. Eight films stood out from the 32 entries and won nine honors. Before the closing ceremony, the conference also held the "Glory Avenue" ceremony, where many of the finalists first met the audience.

In the category of works, he won the special recommendation for the annual documentary film works; Get the recommended works of natural science; Get the recommended works of culture and history; "Just Run" won the recommended works of social documentary; Get the recommended works of international communication.

Among the individual honors, "The Direction of Savoie Flowing" Chen Danyan became the director specially recommended by the Organizing Committee; "Snow Leopard and Her Friends" became the photography specially recommended by the organizing committee; Become a special recommended clip of the organizing Committee; Chad Cannon became a special sound effect recommended by the organizing Committee.

"Thank you for the Chinese Documentary Film Conference, thank you for judging teachers, and thank you for all the people who have made this film. Film creation is an endless road, and we will continue to work hard." When receiving the award on stage, the producer of Snow Leopard and Her Friends said with great emotion. The film took six years to shoot, and it was not easy to go all the way. Not long ago, the film just won the Best Documentary Award in the 36th China Golden Rooster Award.

"This year’s competition is particularly fierce. There are works that have won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Documentary, as well as movies on the theme of Winter Olympics. It is really unexpected to win the award." Standing in the spotlight of the podium, the director of "Invisible Peak" shared his mental journey of winning the prize. At the same time, he also said that winning the film is not a personal victory, but a victory for all filmmakers. I hope that the Chinese documentary film will get better and better.

When the director of "Not an Island" frankly filmed the film, he was deeply impressed by the fact that the recording engineer was afraid to move because of the mosquito bites on his arm holding the equipment in order to ensure the radio quality. The music part of this film was completed online, and the composer Richard Cannon was deeply moved by the kindness of Chinese presented in the film.

In addition, Liu Shihua, an internationally renowned violinist and pianist, brought classic songs such as Meditation to the audience. It is worth mentioning that 45 years ago, the Central News Recording Film Studio filmed a documentary called "Spring Bud", and Lv Siqing, who was eight years old at that time, was one of the masters of the film.

This year’s Chinese Documentary Film Conference is organized with the concept of "China characteristics, international vision and humanistic feelings", aiming at paying tribute to ordinary people in the industry, attracting more high-quality resources into the industry to expand the market space, and promoting the high-quality development of documentary films in China.

　　□ Rule of Law Daily reporter Wang Wei

　　According to a recent report by DPA, the plenary session of the European Parliament passed the draft authorization of the Artificial Intelligence Act with an overwhelming majority of 499 votes in favor, 28 votes against and 93 abstentions. This means that the bill enters the final negotiation stage of EU legislation to strictly supervise the application of artificial intelligence technology, and the European Parliament, the European Commission and member States will conduct "tripartite" negotiations to determine the final terms of the bill. The German "Business Daily" said that the "Artificial Intelligence Act" is expected to be finally approved by the end of this year, but it may take several years before it fully takes effect.

　　Be prepared for negotiations

　　According to the report, the European Parliament decided to add more security control measures to generative artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT to ensure that the research and development and application of artificial intelligence comply with relevant EU laws and regulations.

　　As the world’s first comprehensive legislation aimed at artificial intelligence through parliamentary procedures, the draft has formulated detailed rules in terms of security, privacy, transparency and non-discrimination. According to the website of the European Parliament, the European Parliament "is ready for negotiations to formulate the first artificial intelligence bill in history". According to the legislative agenda, the European Parliament will hold "tripartite" negotiations with the European Commission and member States on this draft authorization, and European legislators hope to reach a consensus on the final version of the bill before the end of this year.

　　In May this year, the Market Committee and the Civil Liberties Committee of the European Parliament passed the draft negotiating authorization for the proposal of the Artificial Intelligence Act put forward by the European Commission in April 2021. Previously, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union had made several rounds of revisions and discussions on the draft, and after the emergence of generative artificial intelligence applications such as ChatGPT, EU legislators urgently discussed the issues not covered in the original draft. The European Parliament stated that this proposal, if formally approved, will become the first regulation on artificial intelligence in the world.

　　The draft will apply to entities that put artificial intelligence systems on the market or put them into use in the EU (whether in the EU or in a third country), entities that use artificial intelligence systems in the EU and entities that use artificial intelligence systems in a third country, but the output of the systems is used in the EU or has an impact on people in the EU.

　　Risk classification supervision

　　A prominent feature of the draft authorization of the Artificial Intelligence Act is that it pays attention to formulating a supervision system based on risks, so as to balance the innovative development of artificial intelligence and safety norms. The draft divides the risk of artificial intelligence into four levels: unacceptable risk, high risk, limited risk and minimal risk, corresponding to different regulatory requirements. Among them, the use of high-risk artificial intelligence must be strictly regulated, and system providers and users must abide by the provisions of data management, record keeping, transparency and artificial supervision to ensure the stability, accuracy and safety of the system. For those who violate the regulations, the draft sets a fine of up to 30 million euros (1 euro is about 7.895 yuan) or 6% of the global annual turnover.

　　The draft strictly prohibits artificial intelligence systems that pose unacceptable risks to human security, including systems that deploy subconscious or purposeful manipulation techniques, exploit people’s weaknesses or use them for social scoring, and expands the classification of high-risk areas of artificial intelligence to take into account the harm to people’s health, safety, basic rights or the environment. The draft also requires artificial intelligence companies to maintain artificial control over their algorithms, provide technical documents, establish a risk management system for "high-risk" applications, and set up a special supervision system for generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT. Each EU member state will set up a supervisory body.

　　In addition, the regulatory sandbox (which means that enterprises are allowed to test innovative products, services and business models with real individual users and enterprise users in a real market environment by setting restrictive conditions and formulating risk management measures) mechanism is introduced to control risks and promote innovation, and the artificial intelligence system is developed, tested and verified to reduce risks before it enters the market or is put into use. The draft also proposes that this mechanism is also allowed to test innovative artificial intelligence under realistic conditions to encourage artificial intelligence enterprises to continue to innovate.

　　Face important challenges

　　The EU’s attempt to establish a unified legal supervision framework for artificial intelligence is an important symbolic example in the development of global artificial intelligence. The discussion and attempt of effective regulation on artificial intelligence in the EU will have a global impact, which may lead to more and more countries trying to follow up the exploration of relevant regulations.

　　Regarding the decision of the European Parliament, the German Social Democratic Party expressed its support: "The potential and risks of artificial intelligence should be concerned by the whole society." However, some opponents worry that excessive supervision may bring higher costs and excessive burdens to European artificial intelligence companies.

　　Companies that are in a leading position in the development of artificial intelligence are, to some extent, technology companies that have faced the risk of antitrust violations, violated existing laws and caused information leakage in the past decade. Based on this, Sam altman, CEO of OpenAI, said that he would lead his team to withdraw from the European market if the AI Act over-regulated AI.

　　Experts say that the EU’s promotion of artificial intelligence legislation is conducive to maintaining the EU’s leading position in the fields of digital sovereignty and science and technology, and through such a comprehensive legislation, it will seize the opportunity of global artificial intelligence supervision. But it has its own limitations. It adopts horizontal legislation, not aiming at specific artificial intelligence application fields, but trying to bring all artificial intelligence into the scope of supervision, and will face a lot of interpretation problems at the implementation level.

　　Some voices further pointed out that the EU has not reached a consensus on what impact artificial intelligence technology may bring to mankind. From a dialectical point of view, artificial intelligence can not only benefit and serve human beings, but also bring threats or injuries to human beings if it is not used properly. How to balance innovation and constraints is a very important challenge facing the EU legislature. In addition, the unified legal framework does not involve specific legal norms, and the actual implementation effect may be "greatly reduced".

　　The international community believes that at present, the development of artificial intelligence technology is still in the exploration period. At this time, the EU enacted the "Artificial Intelligence Act", which released a strong signal that the EU is strengthening its regulations in the digital field. How to better balance and link technological innovation and institutional innovation needs to be constantly revised in practice.

I. Basic information of the project

Project number: SJZGK20250234

Project Name: Dog Management Security Service of Shijiazhuang Public Security Bureau

Budget amount: 857200

Maximum price limit (if any): 857200

Procurement demand: This project mainly includes: the dog certification service center of the public security police detachment of Shijiazhuang Public Security Bureau and the dog detention center need to hire 18 security guards to provide security services, assist the police to investigate and deal with large dogs and fierce dogs that are illegally kept, take in stray dogs, carry out civilized dog-raising publicity activities, and conduct street inspections on uncivilized dog-raising behaviors.

Duration of contract performance: 12 months.

This project does not accept consortium bidding.

Second, the applicant’s qualification requirements:

1. Meet the provisions of Article 22 of the Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC);

2. Qualification requirements for implementing the government procurement policy: 1. This project is specially designed for small and medium-sized enterprises to purchase; 2 Other qualification requirements for implementing government procurement policies (if any): Inquire through channels such as Credit China (https://www.creditchina.gov.cn), China Government Procurement Network (http://www.ccgp.gov.cn) and China Executive Information Open Network (http://zxgk.court.gov.cn). Not included in the list of parties involved in major tax violation cases, the list of records of serious illegal and untrustworthy behaviors of government procurement, and the list of untrustworthy executors published by the Supreme People’s Court (subject to the results of the purchaser’s inquiry after the bidding deadline).

3. Specific qualification requirements for this project: None.

Third, obtain the tender documents

Time: from April 29th, 2025 to May 8th, 2025, from 00: 00 am to 12: 00 am and from 12: 00 pm to 23:59:59 pm (Beijing time, except legal holidays).

Location: Shijiazhuang public resources trading platform download, website: http://110.249.147.67/G2/, bidders should pay attention to whether the project has any correction announcement in time.

Mode: Other

Price: 0

IV. Deadline for submission of bid documents, time and place of bid opening

09: 30 May 22, 2025 (Beijing time)

Venue: Shijiazhuang Public Resource Trading Platform, website: http://110.249.147.67/G2/.

V. Announcement Period

5 working days from the date of this announcement.

VI. Other Supplementary Matters

According to the "Hebei Provincial Department of Finance Hebei Provincial Government Service Management Office on the issuance of<政府采购公开招标项目全面实行“双盲”评审实施方案>According to the relevant requirements of the Notice, this project adopts a "double-blind" review. The supplier shall make the commercial bid and the technical bid separately according to the requirements of the tender documents, and the bid evaluation committee shall review the commercial bid and the technical bid according to the requirements. Obtain bidding (procurement) documents: log on to Shijiazhuang Public Resources Trading Platform (http://110.249.147.67/G2/) and download the bidding (procurement) documents (*.HBZ). 1. Before obtaining the documents, the supplier shall register (telephone number 0311-89668589) according to the "Government Procurement Supplier Operation Manual 20210701", and consult the CA certificate business: the national public resource trading platform (Hebei Province) shall handle the CA certificate business in http://publicservice.hebpr.gov.cn:8181/. Download Path: Business Guide of Shijiazhuang Public Resource Trading Network (http://110.249.147.67/G2/)-Download Center 2. After obtaining the documents, the supplier should download the [Government Procurement] (Bidding) Document Preparation Tool 7.8.2005.2330, the "CA Certificate Driver Installation Program Download Instructions" and the "Government Procurement Response Document Preparation Tool Operation Instructions" before installing these tools. Download path: Shijiazhuang public resource trading network(http://110.249.147.67/G2/) "Business Guide"-"Download Center" Technical Tel: 0311-89868327 3. When opening bids, the supplier shall decrypt the electronic bidding (response) documents with the CA digital certificate. 4. This project is subject to "double blind" evaluation, that is, the evaluation experts are randomly selected from the provincial expert database to realize "blind selection" of the evaluation experts; The commercial bid and technical bid of bidding (response) documents are made separately, and the evaluation committee adopts the open bid evaluation and the hidden bid evaluation for the commercial bid as required, so as to realize "blind evaluation" in the evaluation process. Due to the market subject’s own reasons, the consequences caused by the failure to obtain and submit documents within the effective time shall be borne by the market subject itself.

7. For inquiries about this tender, please contact in the following ways.

1. Purchaser information

Name: Shijiazhuang Public Security Bureau

Address: No.66 Yuannan Road, Shijiazhuang

Contact information: 0311-89667000

2. Information of purchasing agency (if any)

Name: Shijiazhuang Public Resource Trading Center

Address: Xingshi Square, No.87 Shengli South Street, qiaoxi district, Shijiazhuang.

Contact: 0311-89665583

3. Contact information of the project

Project Contact: Gu Yi

Tel: 0311-89667000

VIII. Annexes

Text/Zhang Xinmeng

It took only one year for the industry’s TOP3 threshold to soar from 200 billion to 300 billion.

In 2016, China’s real estate turnover increased by nearly 30%. What is this concept? "The automobile industry grew by 9%, e-commerce by 20%, and express delivery by 50%. The only thing that exceeded the real estate growth rate in China was express delivery. However, the express base is too small, which is nothing compared with real estate. " Chen Jinsong, chairman of World Bank, made a comparison in the recent Midtown Alliance Forum, which made the 10 trillion real estate plate more specific.

The TOP20 threshold increased by 81% year-on-year

Real estate rivers and lakes, a year of melee, Evergrande surpassed Vanke with sales of 373.15 billion, becoming the first real estate enterprise. Vanke and Country Garden ranked second and third with 363.3 billion and 309.03 billion respectively. Time went back to a year ago, when the leaders were Vanke, Evergrande and Greenland, and the record of the top three remained at 200 billion+.

Sales amount of China real estate enterprises in 2016 TOP20

According to Kerry data, the threshold of TOP20 housing enterprises has increased from 35.8 billion yuan to 64.67 billion yuan, a substantial increase of 81% year-on-year. The total sales of TOP20 increased from 2012.28 billion yuan to 2967.32 billion yuan. The threshold for entering the top 100 has also increased from 10.38 billion yuan to 15.68 billion yuan, up 51% year-on-year.

In terms of sales area, the entry threshold of TOP100 housing enterprises has also improved, from 900,000 square meters in 2015 to 1.29 million square meters, up 43% year-on-year. The biggest increase was the TOP50 threshold, which increased from 1.63 million cubic meters in 15 years to 2.38 million cubic meters, up 46% year-on-year.

According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, from January to November 2016, the national sales of commercial housing reached 10,250.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 37.5%. According to the forecast of the growth rate in the first 11 months, the national commercial housing sales will exceed 11 trillion yuan in 2016.

According to the growth rate of commercial housing sales in the first 11 months, in 2016, the total sales concentration of the top 200 real estate enterprises has exceeded 50%, accounting for half of the real estate market in China. It is expected that the concentration of housing enterprises will further increase in the future, and the situation of "strong and strong" will be further intensified.

Billion clubs expanded to 12.

In the TOP20 list, there are four new housing enterprises, namely Xincheng Holding, Shoukai, Xuhui and Luneng.

The market development momentum is strong, and its significance to medium-sized housing enterprises may exceed that of giants such as Vanke. As Peng Kong, the helm of Xuhui Beijing, who just broke 10 billion yuan, said in an interview with Netease Real Estate, "At least Xuhui Beijing is a 10 billion-dollar organization, just like an Olympic champion. It is not won every day, but there is an essential difference between winning and not winning." Team combat capability may be able to reach a higher level with the experience of scale.

Country Garden, the "King of Suburbs", jumped from the seventh place to the third place, and its annual performance increased by 121%, reaching the threshold of 300 billion yuan, successfully achieving the screaming goal of the group. Earlier, Mo Bin, president of Country Garden Group, talked about this year’s performance and admitted that the market played a great role. It is worth mentioning that in the land market, Country Garden is even more fruitful. In the whole year, 74,461,800 cubic meters of land was added, which not only ranked first among 30 typical housing enterprises, but also set the largest land acquisition area in Country Garden over the years, with an increase of 95% compared with 2015.

In addition to the established 700 billion housing enterprises, in 2016, Sunac, Huaxia Happiness, Greentown, China Resources and Jindi also entered the threshold of 100 billion for the first time, and the number of 100 billion clubs expanded to 12. Excluding the factors of rising house prices, mergers and acquisitions have become a booster for these housing enterprises to rapidly increase their scale. In particular, Sunac’s acquisition in the industry has provided it with a large number of low-cost saleable values. Take Sunac’s acquisition of seven projects of Lemon International in 2016 as an example, with a total price of 4.394 billion yuan and an average unit price of only 2,751 yuan. More importantly, Sunac successfully completed the layout of all first-tier cities with this acquisition.

With its strong expansion, Evergrande finally realized its "One Brother Dream". The data shows that from the listing of Evergrande in 2009 to 2016, the compound annual growth rate of sales is as high as 43.6%, the compound annual growth rate of turnover is also 69%, and the average core net profit rate is about 10.45%. Just as the industry generally believes that 2017 is the year of real estate adjustment, Evergrande announced on January 2 that the expected sales from 2017 to 2019 are about 450 billion yuan, 500 billion yuan and 550 billion yuan respectively.

Wanda, which has been committed to de-real estate, fell from the fourth place in the rankings to the tenth place. During the annual period of the industry, the sales amount of Wanda actually showed negative growth, down by 41.24 billion yuan. At the beginning of 2015, Wang Jianlin announced that the real estate sales target would be lowered by 40%, from 164.08 billion yuan in 2015 to 100 billion yuan. Previously, Wang Jianlin had repeatedly stated that by the end of 2016, Wanda would no longer be a real estate enterprise. In the process of transformation, traditional real estate investment and sales will inevitably be squeezed.

TOP10 local housing enterprises in Beijing account for six seats.

In the first eleven months of this year, the total supply of new commercial housing in four first-tier cities in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen reached 28.15 million square meters. It decreased by 22% year-on-year, of which the supply of commercial housing in Beijing was 6.38 million square meters, with a turnover of 12.56 million square meters, up by 14% year-on-year. Although the supply of housing in first-tier cities has declined, house prices have risen rapidly. Taking Beijing as an example, the sales of TOP10 housing enterprises have all exceeded 10 billion.

Beijing sales amount TOP10 housing enterprises

According to the ranking of sales amount of Kerui real estate enterprises, the total sales amount of TOP10 real estate enterprises in Beijing market in 2016 was 216.9 billion yuan. Among them, the first one ranked seventeenth in the country, occupying the first place in the Beijing market in terms of sales amount and sales area.

In the first sales share of 65.41 billion yuan, the Beijing market accounted for 52.5%, reaching 34.364 billion yuan. The old state-owned enterprises that have been deeply involved in Beijing for 36 years, at the brand launch conference in 2015, the first figures announced were 29 projects that were on sale and about to enter the market. In the Beijing market, where land is scarce, the "big landlord" first put forward the strategy of "urban revitalization officer" and turned his attention to shed reform, old community reform and other fields.

In the Beijing market in 2016, Sunac was the biggest dark horse. The annual sales performance reached 26.993 billion yuan, 17.192 billion yuan higher than the previous year, and jumped from the eighth place in 2015 to the second place.

In fact, Sunac won the sales crown in Beijing in 2013, and its performance at that time was 12 billion, which was basically close to the sales of the tenth financial street this year. However, with the rapid development of its projects, the prolonged digestion cycle of high-end projects and the tight policies, Sunac’s performance in the Beijing market was average in 2014 and 2015, and even its performance fell below 10 billion in 2014. With the loose policy, Dinghao’s market performance is extremely outstanding, and the "No.1 Hospital" products laid out by Sunac have finally ushered in spring.

In 2016, the real estate industry experienced an upward-downward curve, and the indicators of sales, investment and start-up showed an anticlimactic trend. With the continuous tightening of policies, many executives of real estate enterprises have made it clear that the market in 2017 is definitely not as good as that in 2016, and the market target will be lowered.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Gu San Gu Si (ID: GH _ A68D56C34119), Author: Gu Yuan, the first picture from: vision china.

There are not so many things in this world, but there are always some people who create various theories to create various problems. Medical impossible trinity is such a stupid theory.

There is a Mundell impossible trinity in financial theory. It is said that the financial system can only choose two of the three: free capital flow, exchange rate stability and monetary policy independence, and it is impossible to have all three, otherwise it will lead to financial collapse. In this financial theory, there is actually a premise, and that is legal tender.

Someone made up another theory with this theory, which is called impossible trinity’s theory of medical system. Cheap, efficient and good service. You can’t have both, otherwise it will lead to collapse.

At first glance, does this theory make sense? It seems to make sense.

Let me discuss the common views of this theory first. For example, the United States has chosen high efficiency and good service, which leads to extremely high medical costs. It’s so expensive that ordinary families can go bankrupt by getting a rabies vaccine and calling an ambulance. The United States is efficient and has good service, but it is expensive.

Many people praise American medical care and find it particularly humanized. Doctors and nurses are patient and smiling because they choose high efficiency and good service. Since efficiency and good service are satisfied in impossible trinity, the cost can never be cheap.

American nuclear magnetic resonance imaging costs $1,100, appendicitis surgery costs about $15,000, and hospitalization costs $5,000 a day. A federal survey in 2012 found that the average cost per ambulance ride was $224.(about 1485 yuan)To $2204(about 14610 RMB)Between

For another example, Commonwealth countries and Europe choose cheap and good service, and as a result, it is difficult to see a doctor and queue up to death. Make an appointment with a dentist for one month, an ophthalmologist for seven months, and a B-ultrasound for three months. As long as it’s not a dying disease that needs emergency treatment, you have to queue up slowly. In the case of limited medical resources, low price and good service are required, and the result is extremely low efficiency.

Similarly, the medical systems in impossible trinity, the Commonwealth and Europe chose cheap and good service. The reason is simple. Good service requires doctors to listen patiently to every patient and give them time to talk. It takes at least half an hour to see a patient like this. Every doctor can see 16 patients in an eight-hour working day.

The limited number of doctors leads to the limited number of patients you can see every day, so you need to queue up in advance to make an appointment. As long as it’s not a dying disease, it’s not unusual to wait for three to five months before it’s your turn. The Canadian documentary "You are Dead" is about the problem of long queues in the medical systems of Commonwealth countries.

Choice determines efficiency, which is the case in all Commonwealth and European countries. The inefficiency of medical system is everywhere. In order to prevent patients from waiting too long, there is even a law that 90% of patients should be treated by a specialist within 13 weeks, and the rest must be treated within 26 weeks. The waiting time for surgery should not exceed 18 months.

China, with its large population and tight per capita expenses, chose cheap and efficient.The price is high-intensity work of doctors, high turnover of beds and high turnover of outpatient clinics, so that everyone can see a doctor.

Because of the large population and limited medical resources, and I hope everyone can see a doctor, we can only choose cheap and efficient. Choosing cheap and efficient means that it is normal to see a person for three minutes and ask two sentences to diagnose the disease.

If you register in the public top three, you shouldn’t queue up. Doctors need to serve smiles and have patience to listen. Is it possible? How many patients are there in a big hospital a day? Really want to engage in patient service, every patient has to talk about his illness for half an hour, and the efficiency is simply not allowed.

It is also the best hospital in China and America. The Mayo Clinic has 15 times as many medical staff as Concord, but only half the number of patients. 15 times the number of medical staff and 1/2 of the number of patients, which means that the efficiency of Concord is 30 times that of Mayo Clinic.

The outpatient fee of Mayo Clinic started at $500, but after the outpatient fee increased in Beijing, it was 50 Qian Qi.

Do you think Concord is tired enough? In fact, compared with Beijing Children’s Hospital, Concord is already relaxed. The average daily attendance of Beijing Children’s Hospital in winter is 12,000, with a peak of 16,000. In other words, 360,000 people will be treated every month in winter.

But now the first-and second-level hospitals and community clinics can basically be on call. Except for some top hospitals, most tertiary hospitals can also go to the hospital on the same day, see a doctor on the same day, and get the results within the same day or a few days. If this is all difficult to see a doctor, it is hard to imagine that Canada, where the average waiting time for emergency treatment is six to eight hours, and Britain and the United States, where appointments are made for several months.

It is difficult to see a doctor in people’s mouth now. In fact, it is difficult to find the top three famous experts in the region.It is actually not difficult to find the top three directors in the region to see a doctor, because many hospitals are not limited to the number, and they will finish reading it on the same day. Patients are crowded into the top three, which also causes a structural shortage of hospital bed resources. Judging from the number of inpatients undertaken by hospitals at all levels, the trend is very obvious. Low-level hospitals are getting empty, but high-level hospitals are getting crowded.

The beds in the top three are overcrowded. Let’s take a look at the first-and second-level hospitals and community hospitals below. Except for the old people who prescribe drugs for chronic hypertension for a long time, they are basically empty. Why? Because patients simply don’t believe that they can cure the disease.

Ok, is there a problem with the above discussion? Is it the actual situation?The reality discussed above is true, but the theory is wrong.What’s wrong with that?

The first big mistake: the definition of inefficiency, free and high quality in the Commonwealth system is wrong

If you don’t talk about other countries, say Britain. In Britain, the annual per capita absolute medical cost is 3327 pounds.($4,356). However, in recent years, the average life expectancy in Britain has remained basically unchanged, while in other countries, it has improved significantly. For example, in Singapore, the average life expectancy is 82.7 years, and medical expenditure only accounts for 4.3% of GDP.

Health care in the UK has increased from 21 in 2014.(A total of 56 countries participated in the ranking)It fell to 35 places in 2015, down 14 places, and currently lags behind Chile, Algeria and the Czech Republic. This change means that it has fallen to the bottom half of the Bloomberg list, and it is now behind Mexico, which is equivalent to Slovakia and Peru. The NHS is notorious for frequent accidents, insufficient supply and low efficiency.

It can be seen that the medical system of the Commonwealth system is expensive, poor in quality and inefficient. Medical impossible trinity theory,Mistreating welfare medical care as free medical care and giving him a cheap label is actually just medical care implemented by taxation.The cost is very high,Per capita expenditure is close to half that of the United States.

Secondly, medical impossible trinity theory.Completely ignoring people’s needs, and actually treating queuing for medical treatment as a good service.It takes months to see a doctor. Is this called service? Is there only one dimension of good attitude as the standard of medical service quality?

I won’t see a doctor. I’m not a doctor. If you are sick, you can spend 10 thousand yuan to find me. I will accompany you with a smile all day. Is it called service? Helping patients to solve their pain is the first dimension of medical service quality, and even seeing a doctor in time can’t be done. How can this be called good service?

The second big mistake: the definition of the most special American medical care in the world is wrong.

Impossible trinity Theory defines the United States as expensive, good in service and efficient.

Consumers are pursuing cost performance when they consume any commodity.

If you spend 30 yuan to press a foot in a street foot bath shop, you won’t pursue a luxurious hall and beautiful welcome. As long as you press it comfortably, you will say that the service is really good because of its high cost performance. On the contrary, you spend 500 yuan to press a foot in a high-end club. If a stingy man brings you tea and water, you will turn around and leave, because you will calculate your input-output ratio, and you spend more money in the hope of enjoying better service.

That ambulance will cost 1200 dollars for a trip. Is this called service? Just like if you order a fast food, you get 1000 yuan RMB. Who will say that this is good service? I can’t afford to get sick. You told me that this service is efficient and good? What kind of dog theory is this?

Let’s look at what is efficient.Whether efficiency only refers to speed depends on the result.Barefoot doctors in China used to see a doctor very quickly. Most patients came to prescribe some anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers and sent them away. There was no inspection equipment, so the speed was certainly fast.

Efficiency depends on what the result is. What is an important criterion for the quality of medical services? It is the index of life expectancy and the calculation of input cost. Americans spend an average of tens of thousands of dollars a year on medical care, but the average life expectancy of Americans is the lowest in developed countries, and it often drops in some years. What kind of efficiency and good service is this?　

The third mistake: take medical service for granted as a pot of rice.

According to impossible trinity’s definition, a good doctor’s service attitude means a good service. Hurry up and see that a doctor is called efficient and a low fee means cheap. He also made a big mistake. He ignored people’s different needs.

Does the catering market exist in impossible trinity? If you have a big dining hall that everyone must go to, there will be impossible trinity:

Ma Yun came to dinner and ate the dishes of migrant workers, which is called poor service.

It is not expensive for middle-class people to eat, but they have to queue up, which is called inefficiency.

When the poor go to eat, they find that the price is more expensive than the roadside stalls. This is called the price is not cheap.

But didn’t the multi-level catering market completely solve this problem? Isn’t it cheap, efficient and good service for everyone to eat in a place that suits them?You mix all the people at all levels of consumption. Isn’t this an artificial contradiction?As a result, no one is satisfied. Is this the inevitable impossible trinity of the medical market?

More market-oriented medical care is that the needs of the poor will also be met, and it will be efficient and cheap.

India, which we despise, will show the world a model of medical marketization in 20 or 30 years. Private hospitals in India have innovated ophthalmic cataract surgery. One doctor performed cataract surgery for five or six patients at the same time. The doctor only did the key parts, while the rest were all operated by nurses. Low cost, low charge, high efficiency and good effect.

There is a private hospital in India that needs only $1,200 for heart surgery, which is a few tenths of the price of such surgery in the United States, but the level of surgery has surpassed that of ordinary hospitals in the United States. Just because other fields in India have not developed and people’s consumption power is insufficient, the results of medical marketization in India are not eye-catching.

The fourth mistake: misjudgment of China medical care.

If we just compare the United States, Commonwealth countries and China, my point is,Compared with medical care in these countries, medical care in China is efficient, good in service and cheap.

The per capita medical expenditure in China is about 10,000 yuan, but the average life expectancy in China is close to that in the United States. That is to say, it is close to that in the United States at one sixth of the medical expenses of Americans. Isn’t this efficient? When Chinese is ill, he can see a doctor at any time. Even if he goes to see an expert, he doesn’t have to wait for months. As long as you go to the queue, even if you buy a number from a scalper, you can always see him.

If you have to wait a month to meet experts in Beijing, how can 700 thousand people go to Beijing every day? In other words, you can quickly see experts who are equal to the severity of the disease, which is good service. Because the first dimension of medical service is not a good attitude, but that the other party can solve your problems.

Then it’s cheaper, the total expenditure is less, and of course it’s cheaper. The total expenditure of Chinese is lower than that of the United States or the United Kingdom. Once again, this is a comparison, and the bar is fine.

Then why? There’s actually only one reason,The degree of marketization of medical care in China is higher than that in Europe and America.

Nani, what are you talking about? It’s acceptable to say that all medical services in Britain are public, while hospitals and insurance companies in the United States are mainly private, while hospitals in China are mainly public. What makes you conclude that medical services in China are more market-oriented?

The world is often so strange, and the name is easy to deceive people. American hospitals are playing a private name, as if they were the product of marketization. Is this true? No, you have to look at the essence through the phenomenon. What is medical marketization? To put it more popularly, it isHospitals and doctors aim at making money, and the process of making money is less interfered.The less intervention, the higher the degree of marketization.

Do you think hospitals and doctors in China aim at making money? Of course it is. Because hospitals in China are not like public hospitals in Britain, which are fully funded, but hospitals in China have very little financial allocation.The main income of the hospital comes from the fees paid by patients.

Zhu Hongbiao, inspector of the Department of Physical Reform of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that the direct subsidies from all levels of finance to public hospitals nationwide increased from 84.9 billion yuan in 2010 to 270.5 billion yuan in 2018. There are 50,000 public hospitals and health centers, with an average allocation of more than 5 million a year. Even the money for buying equipment is not enough, let alone paying salaries.

Therefore, hospitals in Britain do not aim at making money. They are the same as civil servants, and they are fully funded units. They do not need to cater to the needs of consumers, so they have a fixed source of income.

What is the difference between a fully funded hospital and a hospital that relies on patients to pay for medical treatment? The difference is,If you want to earn money, you must cater to consumers.Otherwise, consumers will not come to see you.

Although public hospitals are subject to various controls,But doctors in China have the motivation to improve their medical skills and to form a good reputation in the local society.Because skills and reputation can be exchanged for money, which can make more consumers come here.

Why can so many doctors operate for more than ten hours from day to night? What are they for? Because medical skills need practice, contact with various cases and repeated operations. Such doctors will become scarce resources, and thus get higher income.

If doctors are managed according to the civil service system, why should doctors improve their medical level? Why are you working so hard? Can’t you see fewer patients? Can’t you do a few less operations? Don’t I get the same salary? Under real public ownership, doctors have no incentive to improve efficiency.

Therefore, for a long time, doctors in public hospitals in China have been working hard, because efforts will have results, and efforts can increase income. At present, the level of treatment and operation of doctors in China is not inferior to that of developed countries, and even leads the world in many fields. The treatment level is high and the fees are not high, which is called good service.

It’s just that Dr. China’s income is limited, so he can’t raise the operation fee, so he can replace it with a red envelope, but he can’t raise the outpatient fee, so he can replace it with drug commission and inspection commission. Of course, these methods are not good, but they still constitute an incentive for doctors, and finally they have not blocked the way for doctors to make money.

Therefore, China hospitals have the motivation to continuously expand their scale, increase equipment and wards, and doctors have the motivation to continuously improve their level. Because they can make money, although they are restricted, they still have access.

At present, the scale of well-known top-three hospitals in various places is often very large, and some of them have operating income as high as several billion yuan. Is this entirely funded by the government? No. It is brought by the rush of consumers. There are always endless queues at the entrance of the top three hospitals, and the bustling crowds come to the door on their own initiative, and they vote with banknotes.

Many people say that private hospitals in China are terrible, and there is nothing wrong. Except ophthalmology and dentistry, other private medical services are really not so good, and they are full of fraud and low quality. Why is this? Because the marketization of public hospitals is not low. If it was a fully funded unit, the doctor would have finished running.

This makes it more difficult for private hospitals and public hospitals to compete. Many doctors don’t want to leave the public to go private for the simple reason.There are many public patients, and consumers have voted with their feet to prove that public hospitals in China can partially satisfy consumers.

Going back to American medical care, American medical care is completely private. Why is it so expensive? American medical care is subject to a lot of government control. Although it is nominally private, it must be handled according to various government regulations, which is called insufficient marketization. Give a few examples and you will understand.

Private hospitals in the United States need to apply to the government to increase beds. Is this called marketization?

Doctors in the United States need to apply to the government for interstate practice. Is this called marketization?

The number of doctors in the United States is controlled by doctors’ unions, and the supply quantity is artificially controlled. Is this called marketization?

The profit rate of medical insurance companies in the United States is set by the government. Is this called marketization?

How many restrictions are there like this? There are hundreds of them, and it takes tens of thousands of words to make them clear, so I won’t expand them here.

Then I’ll tell you again, even if all the medical enterprises in China are private enterprises now, it can’t be called marketization. Because in today’s China, the government-run medical insurance is dominant, and the government becomes the consumer of medical care, and he sets the rules. Even if you are a private medical service, your customers are also the government.

Under the current medical insurance control means, private medical care will also become an inefficient service organization, because it no longer serves consumers, but caters to and obeys the rules of government-run medical insurance.

It doesn’t matter whether the medical institution is public or private. What matters is whether it is market-oriented enough. As long as there are more market-oriented factors, so that consumers can choose with their feet and medical service providers can only make money by satisfying consumers, then medical care can be cheap, good and efficient.

The so-called medical impossible trinity theory is a stupid theory, and it is an argument for the specialization of medical services. In fact, medical care and eating are the same thing, both of which are service industries. How should medical care be done?Would you be satisfied with running a public canteen now?

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Gu San Gu Si (ID: GH _ A68D56C34119), author: Gu Yuan