[Global Network Reporter Li Dongyu] "Although I don’t drink, I always prefer American wine to French wine." On July 26, local time, when Trump once again issued a tariff threat to French-made wines, he used this sentence to express his support for domestic wines.

　　As a response to France’s recent announcement to levy a digital service tax on global technology giants, according to The New York Times, Trump first said on Twitter on the 26th, "France has just imposed a digital tax on our great American technology companies. If someone wants to tax them, it should also be their motherland — — America. "

　　Then, he added, "We will soon announce substantive reciprocal action against Macron’s foolish behavior."

　　Interestingly, Trump did not explicitly say what to do, but then meaningfully threw out a sentence, "I have always said that American wine is better than French wine!"

　　The New York Times said that shortly afterwards, Trump made another speech at the White House that day, further expounding the threat to France, saying that the French tax was "wrong" and his government was studying a possible wine tax. Trump told reporters, "Although I don’t drink, I always prefer American wine to French wine."

　　The New York Times said that this week, French President Macron signed a bill to impose a new digital tax on technology giants, and global Internet giants such as Facebook, Google and Amazon became potential targets. The tax rate is as high as 3%. The US Consumer News and Business Channel (CNBC) said that the Trump administration subsequently launched the 301 investigation under the Trade Act of 1974.

　　CNBC said that if after the investigation, the United States determines that this new tax is discriminatory or unreasonably targeted at American companies, Trump may respond with tariffs. Trade experts believe that Trump’s most likely response is to the French iconic product — — There is a 100% (import) tariff on wine.

　　"The Trump administration has always stated that it will not stand by and tolerate discrimination against American companies." This is what White House spokesman Judd Deere said in a statement on the 26th local time. The statement criticized France’s tax policy, but did not give any new details about what retaliatory measures the United States might take. Deere said that the government is "closely watching all other policy tools" except the investigation, so as to decide how to respond to France.

　　In the face of the tough stance of the United States, according to Agence France-Presse reported on 26th, French Economy Minister lemerre once said that Paris was not scared. "A universal tax on digital activities is a challenge for all of us. We hope to reach an agreement within the G7 and the OECD. At the same time, France will implement its own national decisions. "

　　Yang Guangwang Harbin April 25 th news (Reporter Pang Wei)April 25th is the National Child Vaccination Day.,This year’s publicity theme is "vaccination, disease prevention and control, health protection, life protection". Vaccination is the most economical and effective measure to prevent and control infectious diseases.,To this end,Heilongjiang ProvinceProvincial CDCPublish 61 articlesCommon knowledge of vaccinationquestions and answers.

Data Map Source: vision china

　　1 Q: What is a vaccine?

　　A: It refers to the preventive biological products used for human immunization in order to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of diseases, including immunization planning vaccines and non-immunization planning vaccines.

　　Q: What is an EPI vaccine?

　　A: It refers to the vaccines that residents should be vaccinated according to government regulations, including those determined by the national immunization program, those added by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government when implementing the national immunization program, and those used by the people’s governments at or above the county level or their health authorities for emergency vaccination or mass vaccination.

　　Q: What is a non-EPI vaccine?

　　A: It refers to other vaccines voluntarily vaccinated by residents.

　　Q: What is a vaccine marketing license holder?

　　A: It refers to an enterprise that has obtained the registration certificate of vaccine drugs and the drug production license according to law.

　　Q: What is immunization program?

　　A: Immunization planning refers to the plans, plans and strategies formulated by using effective vaccines to vaccinate susceptible people according to the national infectious disease prevention and control plan, and to vaccinate people in a planned way according to the vaccine varieties, immunization procedures or vaccination programs determined by the state or provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, so as to prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of specific infectious diseases, and to improve people’s health level and health civilization level through the implementation of national immunization planning.

　　Q: What kind of immunization planning system does the country implement?

　　A: Residents living in China have the right to be vaccinated with EPI according to law and fulfill their obligations to be vaccinated with EPI. The government provides free immunization program vaccines to residents. The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization programs. The guardian shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with EPI vaccine on time according to law.

　　7 Q: What are the immunization program vaccines for school-age children in our province?

　　A: At present, the immunization programs for school-age children in our province include hepatitis B vaccine, BCG vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, live attenuated polio vaccine, DTP vaccine, measles vaccine, live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine, live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine and group A+C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine.

　　Q: What is routine vaccination?

　　Answer: It refers to the vaccination service provided by the vaccination unit for the vaccinated object within a relatively fixed vaccination service cycle time in accordance with the national immunization program, vaccine use guidelines and vaccine use instructions.

　　Q: What is mass vaccination?

　　A: It refers to the organized and centralized vaccination activities for a specific group of people who may be threatened by an infectious disease within a specific scope and time. Supplementary immunization (formerly called "booster immunization") is a commonly used form of mass vaccination.

　　Q: What is emergency vaccination?

　　Answer: When the epidemic situation of infectious diseases begins or has an epidemic trend, vaccination activities are carried out for the target population in order to control the spread of infectious diseases.

　　Q: Why can vaccination prevent diseases?

　　A: Scientific research shows that when bacteria or viruses invade the human body, the body will produce a substance that resists the bacteria or viruses. This substance is called antibody. Different bacteria or viruses will produce different antibodies, which are called specific antibodies. After recovery, this specific antibody still remains in the body. If the corresponding bacteria or viruses invade the body again, this specific antibody can protect the body from these bacteria or viruses. Vaccination is to artificially inoculate a small amount of bacteria or viruses and their metabolites after being attenuated or inactivated, so that the body can produce specific antibodies or cellular immune responses, thus producing resistance against this pathogen.

　　Q: Why do you have to take vaccination according to the immunization program?

　　A: Different vaccines have different immunization procedures, which are based on clinical trials and years of scientific practice. Such as hepatitis B vaccine, pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine, polio vaccine, etc., at least three doses of vaccination are needed to make children have sufficient immunity. As children grow up, the immunity acquired by vaccination in the body will gradually decline. Therefore, some vaccines need to be strengthened.

　　Q: Can different vaccines be vaccinated at the same time?

　　A: Two or more injectable vaccines should be inoculated in different parts. It is forbidden to mix two or more vaccines and inhale them into the same syringe for inoculation. At present, all the vaccines in the national immunization program can be vaccinated at the same time according to the immunization procedure or the principle of replanting. Immunization planning vaccine and non-immunization planning vaccine can be vaccinated at the same time. If you choose not to vaccinate at the same time, priority should be given to ensuring immunization planning vaccine vaccination.

　　Q: How long does it take for different vaccines not to be vaccinated at the same time?

　　A: If two or more live attenuated vaccines for injection are not vaccinated at the same time, they should be vaccinated at an interval of ≥28 days. Inactivated vaccine and oral attenuated live vaccine, if they are not inoculated at the same time with other kinds of vaccines (including attenuated and inactivated), there is no restriction on the inoculation interval.

　　Q: How do migrant children get vaccinated?

　　A: In China, the vaccination of floating children is managed locally (that is, where they live), and floating children enjoy the same vaccination services as local children. If children under 6 years old move to other cities (regions) and counties (districts), they can directly carry the vaccination certificate issued by the health department of their original place of residence to the vaccination unit where they live now. If the vaccination certificate has not been handled before or is lost, the vaccination certificate can be reissued at the vaccination unit in the current residence.

　　Q: Which is better, imported vaccine or domestic vaccine?

　　A: Both domestic and imported vaccines have strict quality control systems to ensure the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. There is no obvious difference in performance between domestic vaccines and imported vaccines. No matter domestic or imported vaccines, all vaccines will have a certain level of adverse reactions, and there is no obvious difference in the level of adverse reactions between imported vaccines and domestic vaccines. Compared with domestic vaccines, imported vaccines have higher investment in R&D, and there is a certain gap between the prices of imported vaccines and domestic vaccines due to factors such as tariffs, freight and marketing costs. The choice of domestic vaccine or imported vaccine depends on the importance that individuals attach to the performance and price of the vaccine. If economic conditions permit, you can choose to vaccinate imported vaccines at your own expense, but if you consider the cost performance, it is also good to choose domestic vaccines. Don’t fall into the misunderstanding that the higher the price, the better.

　　Q: Why should BCG be vaccinated at birth?

　　Answer: After inoculation with BCG, the body can have specific immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can prevent the reproduction and spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the human body, so it has a good effect on preventing tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. The World Health Organization suggests that newborns should be vaccinated with BCG as soon as possible in areas with high and moderate tuberculosis prevalence. China’s immunization program is to vaccinate newborns with one dose of BCG at birth.

　　Q: Why should newborns be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth?

　　A: Most carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in China come from vertical transmission from mother to child and early childhood infection. Because newborns have no immunity to hepatitis B virus and their immune function is not perfect, once they are infected with hepatitis B virus, they will easily become carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. After infants less than one year old are infected with hepatitis B virus, more than 90% of them will become chronic hepatitis B virus surface antigen carriers. Thus, it is particularly important for newborns to prevent hepatitis B. All newborns should be vaccinated with the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible within 24 hours after birth, and complete the whole course of three doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the immunization program of 0, 1 and 6 months old.

　　Q: Is it necessary to strengthen immunization after the whole vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine is completed?

　　A: At present, neither the World Health Organization nor China advocates the complete vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and the booster immunization after successful immunization. This is because: after the successful initial immunization of hepatitis B vaccine, the immune persistence is good. According to domestic observation, the protection rate is still as high as 88.6% 15 years after vaccination. After natural exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV), the memory B lymphocytes of successful immunization recipients inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine can rapidly proliferate, differentiate and produce specific antibodies after being attacked by HBV. It has been proved that humoral immune memory reaction still exists even among immunocompetents with low antibody or no antibody after 5 years. There is cellular immunity, and it has been observed that there is also specific cellular immune memory in addition to humoral immune memory response after vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine. Under the protection of hepatitis B vaccine, children can safely pass through the high-risk period of HBV infection (1 ~ 3 years old) without strengthening immunization, and with the function of immune barrier, the chances of infection of immunized children are greatly reduced. However, high-risk groups (such as hemodialysis patients, medical staff, etc.) should be tested for antibodies every 6 ~ 12 months, and when anti-HBS is less than 10 miu/ml, intensive vaccination can be carried out.

　　Q: How long will it take to have antibodies after hepatitis B vaccination? How long can it be protected?

　　A: Vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective measure to prevent HBV infection. The effective component of hepatitis B vaccine is HBsAg, which induces human body to produce anti -HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) and plays a role. After the first vaccination, most anti -HBs were still negative or below the lower limit of detection value; Anti -HBs turned positive about 1 week after the second injection, that is, it was immune to HBV 35-40 days after the start of inoculation; Inoculation with the third dose can significantly increase the level of anti -HBs and prolong the protection period. The positive conversion rate of anti -HBs is as high as 95%-100% after the whole vaccination of newborns, and the protection period can reach more than 22 years. After the human body actively produces anti -HBs, it has immune memory. Even if the anti -HBs turns negative and is exposed to HBV again, the body can produce anti -HBs in a short time. Therefore, it is not necessary for non-high-risk people to strengthen hepatitis B vaccination.

　　Q: What should adults do if they don’t produce antibodies after hepatitis B vaccination?

　　Answer: For those who fail to respond after three doses of hepatitis B vaccine, they can be vaccinated with one dose of 60μg or three doses of 20μg hepatitis B vaccine, and their serum anti -HBs will be detected 1-2 months after the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine. If there is still no response, they can be vaccinated with one dose of 60μg recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine.

　　Q: Can newborns of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) breastfeed?

　　A: Although HBsAg and HBV DNA can be detected in the milk of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus, and some scholars believe that chapped nipples, excessive sucking of infants and even biting of nipples may transmit the virus to infants, these are theoretical analysis and lack of evidence-based medical evidence. Even without immunization, the infection rate of breast-fed and artificially fed newborns is almost the same. More evidence proves that even if pregnant women are HBeAg positive, breastfeeding does not increase the risk of infection. Therefore, after formal prevention, whether pregnant women are HBsAg positive or negative, their newborns can breastfeed, and there is no need to test whether there is HBV DNA in the milk.

　　Q: What should medical staff and others who accidentally expose hepatitis B virus do?

　　Answer: (1) Squeeze gently around the wound to discharge the blood in the wound, then rinse the wound with 0.9%NaCl solution, and then treat it with disinfectant. (2) HBV DNA and HBsAg should be detected immediately and rechecked after 3-6 months. (3) Those who have been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and are known to be positive for anti -HBs (anti -HBs≥10mIU/ml) may not be treated. If you have not been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, or if you have been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, but the anti -HBs is less than 10 miu/ml or the anti-HBS is unknown, you should immediately inject 200-400 IU of HBIG, and at the same time, inoculate one dose of hepatitis B vaccine (20μg) in different parts, and then inoculate the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine (20μg) one month and six months later, respectively.

　　Q: Why should I stay on observation for at least 30 minutes after vaccination?

　　A: After vaccination, due to individual reasons, very few people may have allergic reactions. Monitoring data show that anaphylactic shock mostly occurs within 30 minutes after inoculation. After anaphylactic shock, if it is not under the supervision of medical staff, it is easy to be life-threatening. Therefore, doctors and first-aid drugs must be equipped at the inoculation site, mainly to prevent accidents. If the guardian suspects that his child has an adverse reaction to vaccination, he should consult or report to the vaccinator or the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in time.

　　Q: What is a suspected adverse reaction to vaccination?

　　A: It refers to the reaction or event that is suspected to be related to vaccination after vaccination.

　　Q: What are the classifications of suspected adverse reactions to vaccination?

　　A: It includes adverse reactions (general reactions and abnormal reactions), vaccine quality accidents, vaccination accidents, coupling diseases and psychogenic reactions.

　　Q: What are the conditions that do not belong to the abnormal reaction of vaccination?

　　A: The abnormal reaction of vaccination refers to the adverse drug reaction caused by the qualified vaccine in the process of implementing the standardized vaccination or after implementing the standardized vaccination, and the relevant parties have no fault.

　　The following situations do not belong to the abnormal reaction of vaccination:

　　(a) the general reaction after vaccination caused by the characteristics of the vaccine itself;

　　(2) Damage caused to the recipients due to vaccine quality problems;

　　(three) the damage caused to the recipients by the vaccination unit’s violation of the vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, guiding principles for vaccine use, and vaccination programs;

　　(four) the recipient is in the incubation period or precursor period of a disease at the time of inoculation, and the disease is coupled after inoculation;

　　(5) The recipient has vaccination contraindications specified in the vaccine instructions, and the recipient or his guardian failed to truthfully provide the health status and vaccination contraindications of the recipient before vaccination, and the original disease of the recipient has an acute recurrence or aggravation after vaccination;

　　(6) Psychogenic reactions of individuals or groups due to psychological factors.

　　Q: Why do some recipients have redness and inflammation in the injection area after vaccination?

　　A: Red swelling is a manifestation of inflammation and a common phenomenon in vaccination. It is the body’s responsive response to various damaging stimuli. It is characterized by local tissue deterioration, exudation and proliferation. When vaccinating, injection is often used, which itself can stimulate the human body to cause minor trauma and cause inflammation; At the same time, the vaccine itself is a foreign body and has certain toxicity. The pH, osmotic pressure and preservatives contained in the vaccine can cause inflammatory reactions to varying degrees. In addition, the inoculation of live vaccine is essentially a mild artificial infection, which can not only cause a mild infection process similar to the virulence of the microorganism, but also be accompanied by inflammatory reaction.

　　From the immunological point of view, inflammatory reaction is caused by the interaction between antigen and antibody or sensitized lymphocytes, which leads to the release of various inflammatory mediators by cells or the activation of inflammatory mediators in plasma or tissue fluid. Although the inflammation caused by vaccination may cause damage to the recipients, it is also conducive to the exudation of complement and antibody in the blood and strengthen the defense function.

　　Q: How to deal with the general reaction after vaccination?

　　A: After vaccination, you should stay in the vaccination unit for at least 30 minutes. Some children will have some reactions after vaccination, such as low fever, local redness and swelling, and may be accompanied by general discomfort, such as burnout, loss of appetite and fatigue. The above symptoms usually last for 1 ~ 2 days and disappear without any treatment. Children who have the above reactions after vaccination should take a proper rest, drink plenty of boiled water and keep warm to prevent other diseases from secondary. If there is a serious reaction, you should seek medical advice in time.

　　Q: Can children with neonatal jaundice be vaccinated?

　　A: Jaundice is a common clinical symptom in neonatal period, which can be divided into two types: physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice.

　　Physiological jaundice refers to the newborn’s 2 ~ 3 days after birth, which first appears on the face and neck, and then spreads all over the skin of trunk and limbs, with slight yellow staining and yellow sclera, but the palms and soles are not yellow, and the blood bilirubin is less than 12 mg/L, which reaches its peak on the 4 ~ 6 days after birth. Full-term infants mostly subside within 7 ~ 10 days after birth, and premature infants can delay to the 3 ~ 4 weeks. Children with physiological jaundice, except jaundice, are in good health, without other clinical symptoms, have normal urine and stool color, do not need treatment, have a good prognosis, and can be vaccinated with various vaccines.

　　Pathological jaundice can be divided into infectious jaundice and non-infectious jaundice (hemolytic disease of newborn, biliary atresia, breast-feeding jaundice, genetic diseases and drug-induced jaundice). If neonatal jaundice occurs in one of the following situations, it should be considered whether it is pathological jaundice: jaundice occurs within 24 hours; The degree of jaundice is deep and progresses rapidly, exceeding 6 mg/d L； in one day; Blood bilirubin > 12 mg/l; Jaundice lasts more than 2 weeks or reappears after it subsides. Pathological jaundice is the manifestation of the disease, and it should be treated in time, and vaccination is not allowed.

　　Q: Can allergic constitution be vaccinated?

　　A: The so-called "allergic constitution" is not a contraindication for vaccination. Allergic reactions are mild and severe, and serious allergic reactions caused by vaccines are rare. Compared with the risk of illness without vaccination, the benefit of vaccination is greater. The so-called "allergic constitution" can be observed after vaccination. If there are allergic manifestations, they can be treated in time, which generally will not affect health (nor affect the vaccination effect). If you are seriously allergic to the known vaccine ingredients or have laryngeal edema, anaphylactic shock and other serious systemic allergic reactions due to vaccination in the past, it is forbidden to continue to vaccinate the same vaccine.

　　Q: What common diseases are not taboo for vaccination at present?

　　A: Physiological and breast-feeding jaundice, history of simple febrile convulsion, stable epilepsy control, congenital inherited metabolic diseases (congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, trisomy 21 syndrome, etc.), stable brain diseases, congenital heart disease, congenital infection (syphilis, cytomegalovirus and rubella virus), etc.

　　Q: Is it necessary to vaccinate Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: It is necessary. On the one hand, most people in our country have no immunity against Covid-19, and they are susceptible to Covid-19. After the onset of infection, some people will develop into critical illness and even cause death. After vaccination, on the one hand, most people can gain immunity, thus effectively reducing the risk of illness, severe illness and death; On the other hand, through the orderly vaccination of Covid-19 vaccine, we can gradually establish an immune barrier among the population, stop the epidemic of COVID-19, and restore the normal operation of China’s social economy and residents’ life as soon as possible.

　　Q: How does Covid-19 vaccine work in human body?

　　A: After vaccination, the human body will produce protective antibodies, and some vaccines will also make the human body have cellular immunity and form corresponding immune memory. In this way, the human body has immunity against diseases. Once Covid-19 invades the human body, antibodies produced by vaccines and cytokines released by cellular immunity can identify, neutralize or kill the virus, and immune memory can quickly mobilize the immune system to play a role, so that the virus cannot continue to proliferate in the body, thus achieving the purpose of preventing diseases.

　　Q: At present, how many kinds of Covid-19 vaccines have been approved for conditional marketing or emergency use in China?

　　A: Covid-19 vaccines from five manufacturers in China have been approved for conditional marketing or emergency use. Among them, there are 3 inactivated vaccines and 1 adenovirus vector vaccine approved for marketing conditionally; In addition, one recombinant Covid-19 vaccine (CHO cells) was approved for emergency use.

　　Q: Who are the approved vaccine manufacturers in Covid-19?

　　A: The three Covid-19 inactivated vaccine products that have been conditionally approved for marketing are produced by Sinopharm China Bio-Beijing Institute of Biological Products (Beijing Institute), Wuhan Institute of Biological Products (Wuhan Institute) and Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Kexing Zhongwei).

　　The adenovirus vector vaccine approved for marketing conditionally is produced by Kangxinuo Bio-stock Company (Kangxinuo).

　　The recombinant subunit vaccine approved for emergency use is produced by Anhui Zhifeilong Kema Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Zhifeilong Kema).

　　Q: At this stage, who is the target of Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: The vaccination target of Covid-19 vaccine in China is people aged 18 and above.

　　Q: At present, how many doses of Covid-19 vaccine are required to be used in China? How long is the interval?

　　A: At present, Covid-19 inactivated vaccine needs to be inoculated with two doses; The interval between the first dose and the second dose should be 3 weeks or more, and the second dose should be completed as soon as possible within 8 weeks after the first dose.

　　Adenovirus vector vaccine needs 1 dose.

　　The recombinant subunit vaccine needs 3 doses; The interval between the first dose and the second dose, and the interval between the second dose and the third dose are suggested to be 4 weeks or more. The second dose should be completed within 8 weeks after the first dose and the third dose should be completed within 6 months after the first dose.

　　Q: Where can I get the Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: Vaccination in Covid-19 is carried out in vaccination units approved by local health administrative departments. Usually, the inoculation unit is located in the health service center, township health center or general hospital in the jurisdiction. If vaccination involves some departments or enterprises with relatively concentrated key targets, some temporary vaccination units will be set up locally according to the situation.

　　The health administrative department or disease prevention and control institution in the jurisdiction will also announce the vaccination units that can carry out Covid-19 vaccination as required, including the location and service hours. Please pay attention to the relevant information release platform.

　　Q: What are the contraindications for COVID-19 vaccination?

　　A: The taboo of vaccination refers to the situation that vaccination should not be given. According to the Technical Guide for Vaccination in Covid-19 (First Edition), the common taboos for vaccination include: 1. Those who are allergic to the active ingredients, any inactive ingredients and substances used in the production process, or those who have been allergic to similar vaccines before; 2. Those who have had severe allergic reactions to vaccines in the past (such as acute allergic reactions, angioneurotic edema, dyspnea, etc.); 3. People with uncontrolled epilepsy and other serious nervous system diseases (such as transverse myelitis, guillain-barre syndrome, demyelinating diseases, etc.); 4. Those who are suffering from fever, or acute diseases, or acute attacks of chronic diseases, or patients with uncontrolled serious chronic diseases; 5. Pregnant women. Some taboos, such as fever, are temporary. When the situation that caused the taboo no longer exists, you can vaccinate later.

　　Q: How to find and grasp the taboo of vaccination?

　　A: During the operation, if the first dose of vaccine causes severe allergic reaction, and it cannot be ruled out that it is caused by the vaccine, it is not recommended to vaccinate the second dose. To understand the ingredients of the vaccine, people who have been allergic to the ingredients of the vaccine in the past cannot be vaccinated.

　　At the time of vaccination, the recipient should truthfully report the physical health status, disease history and allergy history to the vaccination doctor; The vaccination doctor will ask about the health status and past allergy history of the recipient.

　　Q: Can Covid-19 vaccines from different manufacturers replace vaccination?

　　A: According to the Technical Guide for Vaccination in Covid-19 (First Edition), it is suggested to complete the whole vaccination with inactivated Covid-19 vaccine from the same company at this stage. In case of special circumstances, such as the vaccine can’t continue to be supplied, the recipients are inoculated in different places, and the whole process of vaccination can’t be completed with the inactivated vaccine of Covid-19 from the same enterprise, the inactivated vaccine produced by other enterprises can be used to complete the vaccination.

　　Q: Where and how to vaccinate Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: At present, the five Covid-19 vaccines have been approved for inoculation in deltoid muscle of upper arm, and the inoculation route is intramuscular injection.

　　Q: What should we pay attention to in the process of vaccination in Covid-19?

　　A: During the vaccination process, the recipients should pay attention to and cooperate with the following matters:

　　Before vaccination, you should know about COVID-19’s disease, Covid-19’s vaccine and vaccination process in advance.

　　When vaccinating, you need to bring relevant certificates (ID card, passport, etc.), do personal protection according to local prevention and control requirements, cooperate with the on-site vaccination staff to ask, and truthfully provide information such as my health status and vaccination contraindications.

　　After inoculation, you need to stay for 30 minutes; Keep the skin of the inoculated area clean and avoid scratching the inoculated area with your hands; If there is any suspected adverse reaction, report it to the inoculation unit and seek medical treatment in time if necessary.

　　Q: Why do you have to stay on observation for half an hour after vaccination?

　　A: After vaccination, very few people may have acute allergic reactions and syncope. Acute allergic reactions that seriously endanger life safety often occur within 30 minutes after vaccination. In case of acute allergic reaction, you can take timely treatment measures at the scene. Syncope also occurs mostly within half an hour after inoculation. If you leave the observation site immediately after inoculation, you may cause accidental injury to the recipient due to syncope. Therefore, the recipients need to stay in the designated area of the vaccination unit for half an hour after vaccination.

　　Q: Why do you need a certain interval between doses of inactivated vaccine in Covid-19?

　　A: Usually, inactivated vaccines need to be vaccinated several times to achieve better immune effect. According to the clinical trial data, the first dose of inactivated vaccine in COVID-19 can stimulate the body to produce partial immune response, and the second dose can produce better immune effect. The interval between doses generally needs to be determined according to the results of clinical trials. If two doses of inoculation are not completed within the time required by the program interval, replanting should be done as soon as possible.

　　Q: How to replant those who have not completed the whole immunization program? Do you need to start over?

　　Answer: For vaccines with two or three doses of immunization, those who have not been vaccinated in the whole process are advised to replant the unfinished doses as soon as possible, and there is no need to restart vaccination according to the immunization program.

　　Q: Do people whose interval between two doses of inactivated Covid-19 vaccine is less than 3 weeks need replanting?

　　Answer: For those who have completed two doses of inactivated vaccine in Covid-19 within 14 days, one dose of inactivated vaccine should be replanted as soon as possible three weeks after the second dose. For those who complete 2 doses of inactivated Covid-19 vaccine in 14-21 days, there is no need to replant.

　　Q: Is it necessary to strengthen immunization after the whole vaccination of inactivated vaccine in Covid-19 at this stage?

　　A: Strengthening immunization is not recommended at this stage.

　　Q: It was suggested that HPV vaccine and Covid-19 vaccine should not be vaccinated at the same time. How long should the interval be?

　　A: Covid-19 vaccine is a new vaccine. In order to identify or distinguish possible suspected adverse reactions of vaccine, it is not recommended to vaccinate Covid-19 vaccine together with other vaccines (including HPV vaccine) at present. However, it doesn’t mean that you can’t vaccinate other vaccines after Covid-19 vaccination, but it is suggested that Covid-19 vaccine and other vaccines should be vaccinated more than two weeks apart. It must be noted that when rabies vaccine, tetanus vaccine and immunoglobulin need to be vaccinated urgently due to animal injury, trauma and other reasons, the vaccination interval with Covid-19 vaccine may not be considered.

　　Q: Can women of childbearing age and lactation be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: If you are pregnant after vaccination or have been vaccinated in the case of unknown pregnancy, based on the understanding of vaccine safety, it is not recommended to take special medical measures (such as termination of pregnancy) just because you have been vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine. It is recommended to do a good job in pregnancy examination and follow-up. For women who have a pregnancy plan, it is not necessary to delay the pregnancy plan just because of Covid-19 vaccination.

　　Although there is no clinical research data on the effect of Covid-19 vaccine on lactating infants, based on the understanding of vaccine safety, it is suggested to vaccinate lactating women (such as medical staff) who are at high risk of Covid-19 infection. Considering the importance of breast-feeding for infants’ nutrition and health, and referring to the international practice, it is suggested that breast-feeding should be continued after breast-feeding women are vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine.

　　Q: Can people aged 60 and above be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: People aged 60 and above are at high risk of severe illness and death after being infected with Covid-19. At present, the number of four phase III clinical trials of Covid-19 vaccine approved for marketing is limited, and the phase III trial of recombinant subunit vaccine is still in progress, and there is no data on the protective efficacy of the vaccine for this population. However, the data of the above-mentioned phase I/II clinical study of the vaccine show that the vaccination safety of this population is good. Compared with the population aged 18-59, the titer of neutralizing antibody after vaccination is slightly lower, but the positive conversion rate of neutralizing antibody is similar, suggesting that the vaccine will also have a certain protective effect on people over 60 years old, so vaccination is recommended.

　　Q: Can people with chronic diseases be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: People with chronic diseases are people with high risk of severe illness and death after being infected with Covid-19. People with chronic diseases with stable health and good drug control should not be considered as the taboo population for vaccination in Covid-19, so vaccination is recommended.

　　Q: Can people with impaired immune function be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: People with impaired immune function are people with high risk of severe illness and death after Covid-19 infection. At present, there is no data on the safety and effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccine for this population (such as malignant tumor, nephrotic syndrome, AIDS patients) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people. The immune response and protective effect of this group of people may be reduced after vaccination. For inactivated vaccine and recombinant subunit vaccine, according to the safety characteristics of the same type of vaccine in the past, vaccination is recommended; For adenovirus vector vaccine, although the vector virus used is replication-deficient, there is no safety data of the same type of vaccine in the past. It is recommended to vaccinate after being fully informed that the benefits outweigh the risks.

　　Q: Do I need to get Covid-19 vaccine if I have been infected with Covid-19?

　　A: The existing research data show that it is rare to get reinfected in Covid-19 within 6 months after infection. Previous COVID-19 virus-infected people (patients or asymptomatic infected people) can receive one dose after 6 months on the basis of full notification.

　　Q: How long will it take to produce antibodies against Covid-19 after Covid-19 inactivated vaccine is inoculated?

　　A: According to the previous clinical trial of inactivated vaccine in Covid-19, the vaccinated population can have a good immune effect about two weeks after the second dose of inactivated vaccine is inoculated.

　　Q: Is it necessary to test antibodies before and after vaccination?

　　A: There is no need to carry out Covid-19 nucleic acid and antibody testing before vaccination; Routine antibody detection after vaccination is not recommended as the basis for successful immunization.

　　Q: Do I still need to do nucleic acid testing after Covid-19 vaccination? Can vaccination certificate replace nucleic acid test report?

　　Answer: After vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine, a very small number of the recipients still have positive nucleic acid test or illness due to protection failure: 1. After the whole vaccination, some people failed to get effective protection due to immune failure. After exposure to Covid-19, this group of people may be infected with Covid-19 and have positive nucleic acid test or illness. 2. It takes some time to produce protective effect after vaccination. If you are infected with Covid-19 during this period, you may detect nucleic acid positive or get sick. 3. Patients who are in the incubation period of the disease or asymptomatic infected people may still detect nucleic acid positive or get sick because they have been infected even after vaccination.

　　These people may become infected persons. When the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19 needs to be screened for nucleic acid, Covid-19 vaccination certificate cannot replace the nucleic acid test report, and it is necessary to cooperate with relevant departments to carry out nucleic acid test.

　　Q: After the mutation in Covid-19, is Covid-19 vaccine still effective?

　　A: According to the global monitoring of Covid-19 mutation, there is no evidence that virus mutation will invalidate the existing Covid-19 vaccine. Virus is one of the simplest organisms, and its proliferation depends on living cells. In the process of proliferation, the virus will mutate. The World Health Organization, research institutions in various countries, vaccine manufacturers, etc. are paying close attention to the mutation situation in Covid-19, and are also carrying out related research, which will provide early warning and scientific analysis basis for the follow-up vaccine development and application.

　　Q: What are the common adverse reactions of vaccination in Covid-19?

　　A: According to the results of the previous clinical trial of Covid-19 vaccine and the information collected during emergency use, the common adverse reactions of Covid-19 vaccine in China are basically similar to those of other vaccines that have been widely used. Common adverse reactions are mainly manifested as redness, induration and pain at the inoculation site, as well as clinical manifestations such as fever, fatigue, nausea, headache and muscle soreness. Relevant departments will continue to strengthen the real-time monitoring and evaluation of adverse reactions.

　　Q: Will our prevention and control measures be adjusted after vaccination in COVID-19?

　　A: For individuals, the protective effect of vaccination is not 100%, and it takes some time to produce protective antibodies. For the population, Covid-19 is still easy to spread without forming an immune barrier. Therefore, in order to prevent the COVID-19 epidemic from rebounding, some prevention and control measures should still be adhered to at this stage, including wearing masks, keeping social distance, washing hands frequently, ventilation and other protective measures. The prevention and control measures for COVID-19 epidemic will be adjusted in time with the improvement of vaccine coverage rate in COVID-19 and the change of epidemic situation at home and abroad.

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing from October 26th to 29th, 2015, and General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made an important speech. The plenary session stressed that to achieve the development goals during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, we must firmly establish and earnestly implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing.

　　This year is an important year for the implementation of the 13 th Five-Year Plan and the deepening of supply-side structural reform.

　　Whether the development goals of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" can be achieved, there are 10 words that are crucial — — Five development concepts of "innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing".

　　How important are the five development concepts for the current and future development of China? According to the Supreme Leader, the new development concept is baton and traffic light, which embodies the development ideas, development direction and development focus of China in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" and even in a longer period.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the five development concepts have run through the economic and social development of China, and have really influenced our lives.

　　Advocating innovation: "China artifact" swipes the screen network, which has greatly improved my country.

　　In recent years, China’s economic growth has slowed down and its development has entered a "new normal", but some people think that China’s economy is dying! In response to this question, the attitude of the supreme leader is very clear. "I have firm confidence in the sustained and healthy development of China’s economy." At the same time, he also gave a "prescription" for the problems in development: the fundamental way out for China’s economic development to break through the bottleneck and solve deep-seated contradictions and problems lies in innovation.

　　How effective has this medicine been in the past five years? For ordinary people, the China artifacts that have been swiped on the Internet may have the deepest feelings: Beidou, the world’s most accurate navigation satellite system; Tiangong-2, the first real space laboratory; the world’s fastest supercomputer, Shenwei Light of Taihu Lake; Mozi, the world’s first quantum science experimental satellite; C919, a large domestic aircraft with international mainstream standards; and advanced world level. …

　　When we sigh "awesome, my country" again and again, we really feel the "welfare" brought by innovation and development. People in China who have these "artifacts" have a more convenient life, a more secure life and a harder waist abroad!

　　In the ranking of global innovation index published by the World Intellectual Property Organization in 2017, China rose from 35th in 2013 to 22nd, ranking first among middle-income economies.

　　Whether China’s economy will work or not, don’t fight a war of words, just prove it to you with tangible innovation achievements!

　　Pay attention to coordination: a well-off society in an all-round way is indispensable, and the promise to the people must be fulfilled.

　　In history, there are many examples of countries falling into a "trap" and stagnating because of unbalanced development. After China’s economic development has entered the "new normal", all kinds of speculations and worries about the "middle income trap" are rampant!

　　Undeniably, there are some unbalanced problems in the development of China, for example, in some places, "cities are like Europe, and rural areas are like Africa", and in some places, people are "pocketed and empty-headed" and so on. The proposal of coordinated development is an effective way to face up to and solve problems.

　　In the past five years, many achievements in the coordinated development of regions, urban and rural areas, economy and society can be personally experienced by ordinary people: the construction of rural teachers has been placed in a strategic position of giving priority to development, benefiting more than 3.3 million rural teachers and more than 40 million rural students; More than 31 provinces have introduced implementation plans for household registration system reform, and generally proposed to cancel the distinction between agricultural registered permanent residence and non-agricultural registered permanent residence and relax restrictions on settlement; The reimbursement rate of medical insurance for employees and residents is above 80% and 50% respectively … …

　　Coordinated development is not only to avoid falling into the trap, but also a solemn commitment made by the party to the people — — Build a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020. I believe that as long as we implement the concept of coordinated development and make up the weak areas, weak areas and weak links, an all-round well-off society will be realized as scheduled.

　　Advocating Green: "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has become the consensus of the whole people.

　　While China has become the second largest economy in the world, the deteriorating ecological environment has also become the biggest "worry" for the people.

　　For economic growth, sacrifice the environment and ecology! For Jinshan Yinshan, I lost green mountains and green hills! This "GDP-only" development concept will never be agreed by ordinary people.

　　The supreme leader saw the crux of the problem and decisively put forward that "it is better to have green mountains and green hills than Jinshan Yinshan".

　　On the one hand, we will remove the curse from leading cadres at all levels. "Even if the GDP slips to the seventh and eighth places, it has made progress in green development and contributed to controlling air pollution and solving smog, then you can hang red flowers and be a hero."

　　On the other hand, the central environmental protection inspector has covered 23 provinces, put 1,183 cases on file for investigation, detained 1,103 people and held 11,390 people accountable.

　　Although, there is still a long way to go to solve environmental problems. But fortunately, after five years of hard work, the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has become the consensus of the whole people. As long as China society continues to exert its strength from top to bottom, the "beautiful China" with clear sky and clear water will not be far away.

　　Thick planting and opening up: China has gained consensus and won respect in the international community

　　Nearly 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s social outlook, people’s living standards and international status … … Have undergone earth-shaking changes. And the occurrence of this series of changes, as the supreme leader said, "depends on unremitting efforts to promote reform and opening up."

　　How much does reform and opening up weigh in the hearts of the supreme leader? After taking office as general secretary, he left Beijing for his first inspection tour and came to Guangdong. At that time, he clearly pointed out that "reform will not stop and opening up will not stop". In the past five years, from the implementation of the FTZ strategy to the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, from the G20 Hangzhou Summit to the upcoming meeting of BRICS leaders in Xiamen, from becoming one of the largest foreign investors in the world to China, which has contributed over 30% to the world economic growth annually and is already the "first engine of world economic growth", the pace of opening up has never stopped.

　　Adhering to the concept of open development has also enabled China to gain consensus and win respect in the international community. After the Belt and Road Initiative was launched, more than 100 countries (regions) and international organizations expressed their active support and participation, and 40 countries and international organizations signed cooperation agreements with China.

　　China’s opening to the outside world does not seek hegemony or expansion, but seeks win-win cooperation. At the same time of its rapid development, it has also provided development opportunities for all countries in the world and promoted world economic growth.

　　Promote sharing: strive to turn the "concern" of ordinary people into reality.

　　"Sense of gain" is a word that people are very concerned about now. The working class is concerned about whether the salary can be higher, the retirees are concerned about whether the pension can be higher, and the rural people are concerned about whether the income gap with the city people can be smaller … …

　　In fact, these are not only the concerns of ordinary people, but also the concerns of the CPC Central Committee.

　　In the past five years, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has never forgotten the solemn commitment of "making people have more sense of reform" and strived to turn the "care" of the people into reality: in 2016, the per capita disposable income of the national residents increased by 44.3% compared with 2012; Pensions have achieved "twelve consecutive rises"; The income gap between urban and rural residents has dropped to about 2.8 times; The rural poor population is decreasing by more than 10 million people every year … …

　　China’s economic development has achieved today’s achievements thanks to more than 1.3 billion people, and the fruits of development should be shared by more than 1.3 billion people. In the future, whether it is to build a well-off society in an all-round way or to realize the great rejuvenation of the nation, it is inseparable from the support of the concept of shared development.

　　In the past five years, China has solved many problems through development, but it still faces some problems. The five development concepts are put forward in view of the outstanding contradictions and problems in China’s development. Unswervingly implementing the five development concepts will surely lead China to approach the goal of national rejuvenation step by step and step by step to the center of the world stage.

　　Recently, respiratory diseases have been high.

　　"Syncytial virus" topped the hot search list.

　　Some netizens asked questions.

　　"What is this?"

　　Syncytial virus is not a new respiratory disease.

　　Syncytial virus is not a new respiratory disease, and there was an anti-seasonal epidemic this summer.

　　Tang Zhichao, deputy director of the Department of Disease Control, Shunyi Women and Children Hospital, Beijing Children’s Hospital, said that respiratory syncytial virus is the most important virus pathogen that causes acute lower respiratory infection in children under 5 years old worldwide. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the primary cause of hospitalization of infants with viral respiratory infection, which seriously harms children’s health, especially premature infants and infants with congenital heart disease or primary immunodeficiency.

　　Children and adults can be infected.

　　Source: Yangguang. com

　　Syncytial virus is an RNA virus, which is transmitted by droplets and close contact, or by contaminated hands and objects. Patients often have upper respiratory symptoms after infection.

　　The incubation period of syncytial virus is usually 2-8.
Days, detoxification can last for 1-3 weeks. Early infection is mostly confined to the upper respiratory tract, showing symptoms of upper respiratory tract such as nasal congestion, runny nose, cough and hoarseness.

　　The typical symptoms of children infected with syncytial virus are fever, cough, stuffy nose and runny nose.

　　The typical symptoms of adult infection are very similar to the common cold, such as low-grade fever, cough, stuffy nose and runny nose.

　　Most patients’ symptoms will disappear spontaneously within 1-2 weeks, and a small number can develop into lower respiratory tract infection (i.e. bronchiolitis or pneumonia), which is more common in young infants. Clinical symptoms include cough and wheezing.

　　Gao Weiwei, chief physician of neonatal respiratory department of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, said that syncytial virus is about 2.5 times as contagious as influenza.

　　At present, there are no syncytial virus vaccines and special therapeutic drugs on the market in China. Syncytial virus can be repeatedly infected and easily spread at home. In the absence of vaccines and effective drugs, measures such as strengthening personal protection should be taken to prevent infection.

　　The doctor reminds: Don’t overdo it and don’t "mix and match".

　　Recently, Xiao Zhao, a 16-year-old high school student, was admitted to the emergency intensive care unit for taking four kinds of cold medicines. Xiao Zhao found that she had symptoms of a cold and a little fever, so she took ibuprofen and crack at the same time. After taking the medicine, he felt that his symptoms were not obviously relieved, so he added two other cold medicines, which is equivalent to taking four cold medicines together.

　　Source: CCTV News

　　Gan Yongxiong, Chief Physician of Emergency Intensive Care Unit of Fangqiao Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University: After being sent to the hospital, after our doctor’s judgment, we finally made it clear that it was acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis, which was the effect of the superposition of these cold medicines on the kidneys.

　　The doctor reminded not to take too much medicine and not to "mix and match". Patients should pay attention to the drug instructions when taking drugs by themselves, and should not increase or decrease the types and doses of drugs at will. Even if you only take one drug, you can’t increase or decrease the dose at will. If multiple drugs need to be taken at the same time, it is best to consult a doctor in advance and take them according to the doctor’s advice. If you accidentally take too much medicine and cause discomfort, you should seek medical advice in time, inform the doctor in detail about the recent medication, and actively cooperate with the treatment.

　　In view of the recent increase in the number of outpatient and emergency departments in some places and the increase in the number of children infected with respiratory diseases, the responsible comrades of the National Health and Wellness Commission answered questions of concern to some people, especially the families of children, in an interview on November 23.

　　Q:

　　Recently, many local children’s specialized hospitals are overcrowded. What measures has National Health Commission taken to relieve them?

　　A:

　　Recently, we have continued to pay attention to the diagnosis and treatment of children susceptible to infectious diseases during the high incidence period, and guided all localities to strengthen overall planning and implement a graded diagnosis and treatment system.

　　Q:

　　Some community hospitals have recently set up inspection services for children, but some parents are worried that the lack of diagnosis and treatment capacity in community hospitals will delay their children’s illness. What should I do?

　　A:

　　National Health Commission has asked all localities to give full play to the role of medical associations, strengthen technical guidance to primary medical and health institutions, and improve the diagnosis and treatment ability of common infections and the efficiency of severe identification and referral.

　　Q:

　　Which hospitals are qualified to accept children with respiratory tract infection?

　　A:

　　National Health Commission has instructed all localities to publicize the information of medical institutions that can provide pediatric diagnosis and treatment services in the region, so as to facilitate the nearest medical treatment.

　　Q:

　　What should children do after they have a fever and cough?

　　A:

　　Large hospitals are crowded with people, waiting for a long time, and the risk of cross-infection is high. It is suggested that children with mild symptoms should first go to primary medical and health institutions and pediatrics of general hospitals. After seeing a doctor in a children’s specialist hospital, they can also be referred to primary medical institutions for follow-up treatment or home treatment through medical associations.

　　Q:

　　What conditions must the child go to the hospital for medical treatment?

　　A:

　　According to experts’ advice, children should take their children to see a doctor in time if they have ultra-high fever or persistent fever for more than three days, frequent cough affects their normal life, poor mental state or even drowsiness, increased respiratory rate or dyspnea, frequent vomiting, rash, headache or convulsions.

　　From: Xinhua Viewpoint

　　What do you think of when you mention sinkholes? Mysterious, dark, strange and exotic animals and plants. The discovery of the Hanzhong Tiankeng Group in Shaanxi, China in recent two years has attracted the attention of the world. Tiankeng Group has become another beautiful business card in Hanzhong after the Han culture of "Two Han and Three Kingdoms".

　　The discovery of the sinkholes in Hanzhong increased the number of sinkholes in China from 84 to 138, accounting for 39%, and increased the number of sinkholes discovered and confirmed in the world from 117 to 171, accounting for 31.6%, making it a well-deserved "first sinkhole group in the world". Jean Bottazzi, an internationally renowned cave explorer, praised the Shanjiayan Cave River Tiankeng in Ningqiang, Hanzhong as "the most beautiful Tiankeng in the world".

　　On March 13th, the academic seminar of Tiankeng Group in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, hosted by Shaanxi Geological Survey Institute, was held in Xi ‘an. Famous experts, scholars and government officials from home and abroad discuss practical issues such as the future development mode, protection and development strategy of Hanzhong Tiankeng Group, and plan the blueprint for the future road of Hanzhong Tiankeng Group.

　　The other side of the beauty of Hanzhong in Tiankeng Group

　　When it comes to Hanzhong, the mysterious, beautiful and unknown sinkholes will show another side of Hanzhong. Let the ancient Hanzhong be more aura and beautiful than the rigid and serious history.

　　What is a sinkhole? Luo Gan Zhou, director of Shaanxi Geological Survey Center, gave his own answer to this question in a relatively easy-to-understand language. Tiankeng refers to a geomorphological feature that the steep walls around it have a certain scale (generally more than 100 meters in depth and width) and develop in carbonate rock areas.

　　"It is inferred that the sinkholes in Hanzhong Tiankeng Group were formed 180,000 to 120,000 years ago, and the oldest can be traced back to 680,000 years ago. By studying the sinkholes, we can study the ancient geographical environment and climate, which can help us better understand the past. Unique terrain and special ecological environment under negative terrain are the best places for people to understand geological and climate changes. " Luo Ganzhou expressed the significance of tiankeng to the contemporary era.

　　Li Yichao, a senior engineer of Shaanxi Geological Survey Institute who has been engaged in tiankeng investigation for a long time, went deep into the bottom of tiankeng for exploration and research many times. Speaking of the exploration of the Tiankeng Group in Hanzhong, Li Yichao has endless stories. Interest and hardship coexist, and the tiankeng, which is rare on weekdays, is really charming but full of challenges.

　　"Most of the traffic in tiankeng is not very convenient. After getting off the bus, the team members have to carry more than 100 kilograms of equipment and food to walk for five or six hours. Generally speaking, we may walk for two minutes at most at a distance of more than 300 meters, but it will take more than an hour to go down the sinkhole. It takes more time to get up, it takes more than three hours to get up, and you can only get up and down with the help of lifting and rescue equipment. The degree of hardship can be imagined. Professional climbing gloves, our team members can wear out three pairs a month. It can be seen that this is difficult. The investigation is very hard, but our contribution is worth it. " Li Yichao said.

　　Luo Gan Zhou Xiang told Uncle Fang a little detail: "Once I went down the sinkhole, the road was very steep. I walked downhill for several hours, and my toenails were against my shoes. When I got back, I felt that my toenails were very painful and the color was a little black. A few days later, the toenail cover of my big toe fell off directly, which was particularly painful." Luo Ganzhou, who is over 50 years old, speaks lightly, but the dangers and pains may only be known to him.

　　Of course, the hardships are also full of fun. The light in the sinkhole is insufficient, and the darkness is beyond imagination. When two people sit face to face, they don’t move, and you may not feel anyone around you. But in the sinkhole, you can see transparent fish, meet all kinds of strange animals and plants, strange stalactites, and all kinds of strange geological structures and climate phenomena that are hard to see on weekdays.

　　Through many photos taken by investigators, it is not difficult to find that there are many spacious cave halls, mysterious and strange underground rivers, magnificent stalactites, stalagmites, edge stone dams and many other ingenious works from nature. For thousands of years, a unique primitive microclimate has been formed in the sinkhole, and the animal food chain and unique habitat in it are irreplaceable. In addition to these peculiar geological products, there are many animals and creatures, among which thousands of richness such as "Shafei Colored Grey Butterfly", "Blooming Pink Butterfly", "Elephant Cicada", "Green Scarab" and "Liliaceae Big Lily" were photographed by the respondents alone.

　　Flying cats are unique animals in Hanzhong Tiankeng. The flying cat’s scientific name is the flying squirrel, also known as "six unlike". It has a face like a fox, eyes like a cat, a rat with a pointed mouth, ears like a rabbit, paws like a duck, and a tail like a squirrel. Its wide fins between the front and rear legs can glide between cliffs and trees, with a maximum head and tail length of 1 meter and a weight of more than 7 kg. This kind of animal is very shy. It lies in the daytime and comes out at night. In addition, it is increasingly rare. It is not easy to see a living flying cat with one’s own eyes.

　　It is understood that the Hanzhong Tiankeng Group is the first tiankeng group with the highest latitude in the world discovered in the range of 32 ~ 33 north latitude. This discovery has important scientific value and fills the gap in the world karst geology research. There are 54 Tiankeng Groups in Hanzhong discovered this time, which are mainly distributed in Chanjiayan Town, ningqiang county, Hanzhong City, Xiaonanhai Town, Nanzheng County, Luojiaba Town, Xixiang County and Sanyuan Town, zhenba county. This discovery has increased the number of sinkholes in the world from 117 to 171, accounting for 1/3 of the global number of sinkholes, including 2 super sinkholes, 7 large sinkholes, 45 conventional sinkholes and 473 other geological relics.

　　Academician Yuan Daoxian of Chinese Academy of Sciences believes that the Hanzhong Tiankeng Group is located at latitude 32-mdash; — It was discovered for the first time in the range of 33 degrees, which made China moist in the tropics — The boundary of subtropical karst landform area has obviously moved northward, which has important scientific value. Reasonable protection, development and utilization of geological relics resources of Tiankeng Group will play an important role in promoting local economic development.

　　The important value of the discovery of the rare "Tiankeng Group" in Hanzhong lies in that it not only greatly enriches the tourism resources of geological relics in China and even the world, but also fills the blank of karst geology research in the world and increases the original samples of biological research. Through the study of its formation mechanism, conditions and evolution law, it will be of great scientific value to the study of paleogeographic environment and climate change in the north and south of China and even the whole world, and it will be praised by experts as a world-class "natural museum" that rewrites geological history.

　　Ambition to declare world geoparks and natural heritage

　　The geological park selected by UNESCO is a natural park with its geological scientific significance, exotic beauty and unique geological landscape, which integrates natural landscape and human landscape. The goal of UNESCO is to select more than 500 geological landscapes worthy of preservation and strengthen protection. At present, 35 geoparks in China have entered the UNESCO World Geopark Network List.

　　Whether it is a geopark or a world natural heritage, it is a leader in the global natural landscape, and its scientific significance and tourism appreciation significance are self-evident.

　　The reporter learned from different channels that at present, all parties are actively preparing for the world geopark and natural heritage declaration for the unique geological relic of Hanzhong Tiankeng Group.

　　The Hanzhong Municipal Government specially issued the Interim Measures for the Protection and Management of Geological Relics of Tiankeng Group in Hanzhong City, which made specific provisions on the scope of geological relics protection, regional management and protection measures, and legal responsibilities. Hanzhong will conscientiously do a good job in the protection of geological relics of Tiankeng Group in Hanzhong.

　　Hanzhong Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources said in a reply that Hanzhong will gradually promote the declaration of national and even world geoparks and natural heritage in due course.

　　It is understood that in October 2016, the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources has awarded the provincial geological park construction qualification of Hanzhong Tiankeng Group; According to the provincial geological park planning to complete the construction task, Shaanxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources acceptance before the provincial geological park can be named. Provincial geoparks can only be declared as national geoparks after they are officially named for two years. Hanzhong will do a good job in basic work and declare national and even world-class geological parks and natural heritage according to relevant procedures.

　　Mao Xiaochang, a senior engineer of China Geological Survey, said in his speech that the formation mechanism of Hanzhong Tiankeng Group is different from that of South Tiankeng Group, and its biodiversity is also unique. Therefore, Hanzhong Tiankeng Group has the conditions to become a world-class in terms of rarity, scientificity, aesthetics and protection.

　　How to make good use of high-quality resources in developing and protecting economically underdeveloped areas

　　Tiankeng is a unique natural wonder, unique to karst conditions. In the natural landscape, it has a series of special tourism ornamental values and sensory attributes, such as rarity, strangeness, precipitousness, grandeur, beauty and unique ecological environment. At the same time, tiankeng always coexists with caves, underground rivers, strange peaks and rocks and other tourism resources, so it is undoubtedly a special super tourism resource.

　　It is understood that Chongqing Xiaozhai Tiankeng was opened to tourists in 1999, and Guangxi Leye Dashiwei Tiankeng Group is in the process of tourism development planning. In the future, the karst tiankeng scenic spot will add a bright spot to the world tourism industry.

　　How can Hanzhong miss such a good opportunity? In May, 2017, Hanzhong Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources and Hanzhong Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics and Tourism jointly reported the topic to Hanzhong Municipal Government, suggesting that the world-class planning units should be selected, and in accordance with the principle of "development in protection and protection in development", Hanzhong Tiankeng Group’s geological relics protection and tourism development and utilization plan should be actively worked out, combining Tiankeng tourism with new formats such as culture, leisure, recreation, sports and research, and steadily promoting the geological relics protection and tourism development of Hanzhong Tiankeng Group.

　　Faced with such world-class tourism resources, it is reasonable for Hanzhong, which is economically underdeveloped, to have the impulse to develop and utilize it. However, tiankeng resources belong to non-renewable natural heritage resources, and once improperly developed, it will bring irreparable losses.

　　At the seminar, the reporter also heard different voices, but the voice of "protection first and moderate development" still dominated. For Hanzhong, where the economic strength is not strong and the pressure of getting rid of poverty is great, how to use the resources of Tiankeng Group to promote regional economic development and promote the local people to get rich and increase their income has become the main problem faced by the politicians.

　　The reporter had a detailed exchange with the deputy county (district) governors of zhenba county, Nanzheng District and ningqiang county. The conclusion is that everyone wants to use Tiankeng resources to promote the development of county economy, but this kind of utilization must be based on strict protection, and we should avoid rough development and homogeneous development of four counties, and start with high-end tourism and take a sustainable development path.

　　Zhou Qingfu, deputy county magistrate of zhenba county, told reporters that zhenba county will make rational use of Tiankeng, a high-quality resource, publicize Zhenba’s good ecological environment advantages on the basis of strict protection and reasonable planning, develop the Chinese herbal medicine industry around the high-quality ecological environment, and build Zhenba into a high-quality health care, pension, sports and experience base.

　　Wang Jun, the deputy head of Nanzheng District, also put forward his own views on the development of Hanzhong Tiankeng Group. Hanzhong Tiankeng Group should avoid large-scale development and give priority to protection. At present, it is difficult to develop Tiankeng with the ability of counties and districts, and it is easy to cause homogenization. Tiankeng is ecologically fragile and unrecoverable, and its safety is poor, so the development of Tiankeng should take the road of high-quality development.

　　Wang Longqing, chairman of Hanzhong CPPCC, believes that Tiankeng Group is the most precious, valuable and internationally influential resource discovered in Hanzhong so far. Establishing a research base for Tiankeng Group in Hanzhong is beneficial to the investigation, scientific management and development, geological monitoring and protection of Tiankeng Group in Hanzhong. Hanzhong City should take this opportunity, rely on the scientific research base as the platform, fully support the geological exploration work of the Provincial Geological Survey Institute, make overall consideration of the construction of the research base and geological museum, as well as security measures, attract world-class high-level talents to come to China for extensive exchanges, hire international professional teams to carry out development planning, and promote the scientific research and tourism development and utilization of Hanzhong Tiankeng resources in an orderly manner.

　　Mao Xiaochang, a senior engineer of China Geological Survey, also put forward his own views on the development of tiankeng. First, priority should be given to protection, and a high-end tiankeng adventure tour can be explored under the premise of protection. Tiankeng, a tourist resource, is not suitable for large-scale development. The location of the sinkhole should explore the mode of high-end in-depth tour, and professionals can be explored to explain professional geological and geographical knowledge to tourists, so that tourists can fully feel the unique charm of the sinkhole through five or six hours of in-depth tour. In addition, we can try to involve villagers in tourism, and develop some special projects such as geological and cultural villages and towns in the periphery to promote the development of local people.

　　Facing high-quality natural resources development and protection are not contradictory opposites. If we cling to the principle of protection and don’t make rational use of it, it will only be a good opportunity to delay development. If Jiuzhaigou clung to protection and didn’t seek development, it would be difficult to achieve such great achievements in local economic development today. However, development is not a kind of quick success and instant benefit, and it is a rational development path for the protection and local development of Tiankeng Group in Hanzhong to make long-term planning and rational utilization from the perspective of future generations’ long-term development. Presenting the most beautiful side of Hanzhong to the world may be the best protection for Hanzhong Tiankeng Group.

　　Researchers at the University of Colorado recently published the latest research results in the journal Nature Earth Science, pointing out that global warming will have a far-reaching impact on the distribution of wind energy resources around the world. By the middle and late part of this century, the available wind energy resources in the northern hemisphere will be greatly reduced, while the wind energy resources in some areas in the southern hemisphere may increase sharply, and the overall wind power development potential will shift to the south.

　　1. Distribution or transfer of wind energy resources to the southern hemisphere

　　The polar regions are cold and the equator is warm, and the westerly winds prevail all the year round in the mid-latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres, which is also called thermal wind. In this wind belt, the average wind speed is greater than other places, and a large number of wind energy resources are gathered, covering many countries in the northern hemisphere, including China. Under the background of climate change, the change of mid-latitude westerly belt will directly affect the utilization potential of wind energy resources.

　　The latest research results of the University of Colorado in the United States believe that global warming will have a far-reaching impact on the distribution of wind energy resources around the world. By the middle and late part of this century, the available wind energy resources in the northern hemisphere will be greatly reduced, while the wind energy resources in some areas in the southern hemisphere may increase sharply.

　　Using the simulation results of supercomputer, the researchers discussed the evolution of wind energy resources in two different scenarios of greenhouse gas emission in the future. The first is a medium emission scenario, assuming that carbon emissions reach the highest in the middle of this century and then remain stable; By the end of this century, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 1.5 times of the current concentration, and the global average temperature is warming by 1.1 to 2.6 degrees Celsius. The second scenario is a high emission scenario, corresponding to the development mode of slow improvement of energy structure and lack of climate response measures, carbon emissions will continue to increase, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will exceed the current three times by the end of this century, and the global temperature will rise by 2.6 to 4.8 degrees Celsius.

　　The results show that the wind energy resources in the northern hemisphere will be significantly reduced in both moderate and high emission scenarios, especially in the mid-latitude areas including northwest China, Siberia, Northeast Asia, the United States, Canada, Britain and the Mediterranean coast, that is, along the westerly belt of the northern hemisphere. Under the high emission situation, by the end of this century, the wind energy resources from Inner Mongolia to Northeast China will even be reduced by 10% to 20%.

　　The wind energy resources in the southern hemisphere will not change much under the medium emission scenario, but will increase greatly under the high emission scenario. Especially in the high emission scenario, by the end of this century, the wind energy resources in eastern Brazil and northeastern Australia will increase rapidly by more than 40%.

　　2. The reason is that the warming ranges of the North and South poles are different.

　　This difference may be attributed to the fact that global warming affects the evolution of wind belts in the northern and southern hemispheres in different ways. In the northern hemisphere, arctic warming and sea ice melting are a positive feedback process that promotes each other, so that under the background of global warming, polar warming is more obvious; As a result, the temperature gradient between the equator and the polar regions is weakened, and the wind speed in the mid-latitude westerly belt is reduced as a whole. Some simulation results also point out that due to the significant warming at high latitudes, the cold-warm confrontation between the north and south sides of the mid-latitude region is weakened, and the activity of the storm system is reduced as a whole, which is also a reason for the decrease of wind energy resources.

　　In the southern hemisphere, especially in high emission scenarios, Antarctic warming is not as obvious as land warming in central South America, southern Africa and Australia. The temperature gradient between this part of the continent and the ocean at the same latitude increases, which becomes the dominant factor in the change of wind belt intensity. Land warming is faster, land thermal depression is enhanced, land-sea pressure gradient is increased, wind speed is increased, and wind energy resources are increased. Except Antarctica, the southern hemisphere continent is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, so the overall increase of wind energy resources is also most obvious in tropical and subtropical regions. It is worth mentioning that in the middle and high latitudes of South America and Australia, wind energy resources still tend to decrease, similar to the northern hemisphere.

　　3. The probability of extreme gale in northern Europe has increased.

　　The confrontation between the cold and warm air masses in the north and south is common in the westerly belt, which is also called the front. If there is a small disturbance in the atmosphere, for example, one side of the air mass moves to the other side actively, and the trajectory of the air mass deflects under the action of geostrophic deviatoric force, it will induce a large-scale atmospheric vortex, which is also called frontal cyclone. From the climate point of view, the area where frontal cyclones frequently occur and pass through is the area "located on the storm track", and the average wind speed is usually larger than other areas.

　　But if you want to use wind energy, the bigger the wind, the better. Extremely violent gusts will actually cause damage to windmills. The design of windmills is generally based on the criteria such as the maximum wind that can cope with a few years (for example, 50 years), which is directly related to the statistical data of local climate background.

　　Scientists use supercomputers to simulate northern Europe. The results show that if the global climate warms, the mid-latitude "storm track" will move northward as a whole, and the number of frontal cyclones will decrease, but the intensity of a single storm will increase. As a result, the frequency and intensity of extreme winds in northern Europe will increase. This is not good news for windmills designed according to past climate data standards, and it also means that new wind farms must consider the possibility of withstanding stronger storms in the future.

　　Corresponding to the extreme wind that may increase, the extreme waves at sea will also increase. The research on the future evolution of wind and waves in the North Atlantic shows that the current "once in 20 years" big waves may appear every 4 to 12 years in 2080; The climate simulation of the North Sea in Europe shows that by the end of the 21st century, the average height of waves will rise by 5% to 8%. Because of the limited land space and greater friction resistance, offshore wind power generation is the hot direction of current development; The double test of wind and waves poses a new challenge to the construction of offshore wind farms in mid-latitude areas. However, in areas with lower latitudes, such as the Mediterranean coast, because the storm track moves northward, the wind and waves in the future climate outlook will be reduced.

　　4. Warming is a double-edged sword for high latitudes.

　　In high latitudes or arctic regions, cold weather is one of the reasons that hinder the popularization and application of wind power generation. Windmill blades are exposed to humid air with sub-zero temperature, and once they are frozen, the blades will lose their balance, the resistance will increase, the efficiency of wind power conversion will be reduced, and there are potential safety hazards. According to statistics, in Finland, 9%-45% of windmill stalling events are related to icing. Of course, the problem of icing can be overcome to some extent by designing blades that are not easy to gather ice and snow and using current heating, but it will also make the cost of operation and maintenance higher.

　　Climate warming may be good news for these areas. Supercomputer simulation results show that at the end of this century, the frost period in high latitudes will be obviously shortened and the frequency of icing will be greatly reduced, regardless of the assumed temperature rise. In some parts of Scandinavia, the icing frequency will even drop by 100%. At the same time, because the storm track moves northward, the high latitude zone will be more frequently affected by the frontal cyclone system, and the potential wind energy resources will become more abundant. As a result, some areas that are not suitable for the layout of wind farms may become new territories for opening up wind energy resources in the future.

　　Corresponding to the temperature rise, the permafrost zone in high latitudes will be reduced, which will bring both advantages and disadvantages. First, because the scope and depth of frozen soil layer are reduced, it will be more convenient to lay transmission lines and build wind farms. Secondly, if the frozen soil layer continues to melt, how to design the windmill base becomes a problem, because the stress and support relationship between the windmill and the soil will continue to change, and there will be the risk of lodging if it is slightly unbalanced. How to weigh the gains and losses, reduce risks and expand benefits depends on the wisdom of engineers.

　　Not only for onshore wind farms, but also for offshore wind farms in high latitudes, especially for the region with the fastest growing number of offshore wind farms — — For Europe. The study of future sea ice evolution shows that the number of days covered by sea ice in the North Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bosnia will be reduced from the current 130-170 days to 0-90 days in the later part of this century, and many areas will not even be frozen all year round. However, the decrease of sea ice will make the foundation stability of offshore windmills worse, and it is more vulnerable to the damage of strong winds and waves. At the same time, rising sea level will also increase the risk that the windmill base will be flooded. However, the melting of glaciers will reduce the salinity of seawater, which will help to slow down the corrosion of seawater to the windmill base and transmission line materials.

　　Extended reading

　　The potential of wind farms such as Jiuquan may decline.

　　At present, the world’s largest wind power base is located in Jiuquan, Gansu, China. By 2012, the installed capacity of wind power has exceeded 6,000 megawatts, which is equivalent to supplying the electricity demand of the whole UK, and this figure is still rising. Gansu is located in the wind energy-rich zone in northwest China-Mongolia, with high wind speed all year round and wind energy density exceeding 150 watts per square meter. It is an ideal place for China to build wind power plants, and it has also played an important role in promoting local employment, taxation and economic development. If the climate warming continues, the potential of wind power in this region is likely to decline, and the potential of existing wind power equipment cannot be fully exerted. Many countries in the mid-latitude zone of the northern hemisphere, including China and the United States, will face the same problems, which will also add more pressure to the realization of human energy conservation and emission reduction goals.

　　The researchers pointed out that the current assessment and layout of wind power generation capacity are mostly based on past climate data statistics, but rarely consider the impact on the distribution of wind energy resources after the future atmospheric circulation changes due to human activities. The new research provides a new reference for the economy and sustainability of wind power plant layout in the future, and for decision makers to measure and plan alternative energy strategies.

Recently, one of Qian Aunt’s franchisees, the "Third Sister", broke the news on the Internet, saying that she had been losing money since she joined two Qian Aunt’s houses with an investment of 1.7 million yuan, and she was forced to close the store out of stock, so she had no choice but to speak online to defend her rights and accuse Qian Aunt of unreasonable joining policies and management problems, which caused widespread concern.

△ The Tik Tok account of "Silly Third Sister" is now "no such person"

In fact, this franchisee’s experience is not a case. On Baidu Post Bar, Tik Tok and other platforms, there are a lot of franchisees’ information about Aunt Qian.

Some people say that the store has been losing money since joining Qian Aunt, and the investment has reached 800,000 yuan. There are also franchisees who broke the news that they joined Qian Aunt, and they lost more than 200,000 yuan in two months of opening. Together with the previous investment, the overall loss has exceeded 700,000 yuan. At present, the store is in the process of transfer.

On platforms such as 58 City, you can also see a lot of transfer information about Aunt Qian. Some franchisees said that there were few transfers before last year, and some were internal transfers, but this situation has changed this year.

What happened to Qian Aunt, a star company that was robbed by capital and is expected to be listed on Hong Kong stocks this year?

Before answering this question, let’s take a look at how it started.

one

How did Aunt Qian get started?

Nine years ago, the founder of Qian Aunt opened a pork shop in a vegetable market in Dongguan. Because it advertised "No overnight meat", it affected other people’s business and was driven out of the vegetable market.

When Aunt Qian got off to a bad start in Dongguan, she moved to Shenzhen. In 2013, the first Qian Aunt in Shenzhen opened in Futian, and the slogan "Don’t sell overnight meat" quickly attracted the attention of local people. Since then, Aunt Qian has quickly opened more than 1,500 stores in Guangdong.

The rapid development of Aunt Qian has naturally attracted the attention of capital. During 2015-2019, Aunt Qian received five rounds of investment, including many star investment institutions. The latest financing took place in December last year, when Aunt Qian’s valuation reached 8.5 billion to 10 billion yuan.

△ Figure from the network

Driven by capital, Aunt Qian started a journey of crazy expansion. In November 2020, Aunt Qian entered Zhengzhou; In December 2020, he entered Beijing; In January 2021, she entered Tianjin, Fuzhou and other places: Aunt Qian is gradually moving from the region to the whole country.

According to official data, from July 2020 to February 2021, in seven months, the number of Qian Aunt’s stores expanded from 2,000 to 3,000, with an average of 142 stores opened every month.

Of course, the rapid expansion of Aunt Qian mainly depends on franchisees, and the proportion of its franchisees is close to 90%. Under the joining mode, Aunt Qian only needs to build a good supply chain, build a good model store and do a good job in attracting investment, so she can open a store quickly.

So, how much does it cost to join a money aunt?

2

How much does it cost to join Aunt Qian?

First of all, before opening a store, you need to pay the initial fee, deposit, decoration fee and so on. Each store has an initial fee of 30,000 yuan and a deposit of 40,000 yuan; The decoration fee is 200,000 to 300,000 yuan-some franchisees questioned that Aunt Qian’s decoration fee is too high, far exceeding the market price, which means that she wants to earn the franchisee’s money through the decoration fee.

Secondly, in order to ensure the passenger flow, Aunt Qian generally requires franchisees to find stores in prime locations, and the transfer fee of such stores is often as high as 100,000 yuan. Calculated, if a franchise store wants to open, the above expenses alone will reach 500,000 yuan.

Besides, to recruit a store manager, a division division and a shop assistant, franchisees need to pay Qian Dama a "service delivery fee" ranging from 6,000 yuan to 4,000 yuan and 800 yuan, and the wages of these people are calculated separately.

In this way, if you want to open a money aunt, you must have at least 550,000 yuan, which is obviously not a small number.

So, do you think you can make money by opening a business? Not really! And on the contrary, opening a business means paying more money!

three

Why did Qian Aunt’s franchisees lose blood?

After the store is opened, there will be a continuous brand use fee. For the income generated by franchisees before 19:00 every day, Aunt Qian should draw 1.5% of the turnover as the brand use fee.

For newly joined stores, three months before the opening of the store is the drainage stage, and Aunt Qian requires that the goods cannot be increased in price, but can only be "flat in and flat out". After the drainage, the price can only be raised after the sales amount reaches the standard set by the company, and the price increase is also strict.

Therefore, the phenomenon that money aunt is in the market is basically what franchisees throw out with real money every day. Moreover, such regulations have also caused a phenomenon: the more franchisees order after opening, the higher the cost, the more losses, and the faster franchisees may "die".

After the price can be raised, franchisees will face a very realistic problem: many people who buy meat and vegetables are aunts and grandmothers, who are very sensitive to the price. After the price is raised, they would rather go a little further to buy cheaper ones, resulting in a decrease in the passenger flow of Qian Aunt’s store, which in turn reduces the income.

△ Figure from the network

In addition, franchisees will also face increasing "involution".

There have been media reports that at the end of 2017, Aunt Qian has shortened the minimum distance of the store from 300 meters to 250 meters. In this way, the store density of Aunt Qian has increased, and the brand has started, but the regional protection has also weakened, the competition of franchisees has also intensified, and the profitability has naturally declined.

According to Qian Aunt’s franchisee, in the past, Qian Aunt asked for at least 1,500 households to choose a community, but now many communities can open stores as long as four or five hundred households. This kind of traffic simply cannot support the normal operation of a store. What’s more exaggerated is that two money aunts have been opened in many communities, and the internal competition is fierce, which has aroused the dissatisfaction of franchisees.

According to analysis, the reason why Aunt Qian wants to open stores intensively (for example, in Guangdong, the base camp, there are nearly 1,000 stores in Shenzhen and Guangzhou alone) is because of financial pressure to rush to the market; The more stores it opens, the more it earns under the condition of ensuring a certain net interest rate, but it just passes on the costs and sacrifices to franchisees.

Therefore, for Qian Aunt’s franchisees, the investment of 550,000 yuan to open a store is only the beginning, and the continuous loss is the normal state of many franchisees.

four

Franchisees are dissatisfied with Aunt Qian and these six points.

According to the Dining Book, in addition to the above, franchisees are mainly dissatisfied with Aunt Qian in the following aspects:

First, there are too many "must-haves". Aunt Qian has certain products in every store. These "certain products" are unified in the whole region, but the problem is that there are a large number of "certain products", and some "certain products" are not hot-selling goods. Many stores simply can’t sell them out, and the products that can’t be sold out will be discounted, which will eventually cause losses for the stores. Take beef as an example. Some franchisees said that Aunt Qian’s beef is not a hot commodity, and his daily loss in beef is as high as that in 200 yuan.

Aunt Qian has requirements for suppliers and the amount of goods they buy every day, and they can’t be returned after 12 noon. In this case, if you are not sure about the purchase quantity, it will easily lead to inventory, and the inventory will be discounted, and a discount will consume profits.

Second, the purchase price is too high. It is understood that Qian Aunt earns the most money from pork, but its pork price is about 20% higher than the normal price of foreign mining. In addition, Qian Aunt’s dishes in many places are purchased from nearby vegetable markets and then sold to franchisees at a higher price, which makes many franchisees unbearable.

Third, the fine is unreasonable. First, according to the regulations, franchisees can only purchase goods from headquarters. Once they are found to purchase goods from outside, they will be fined 20,000 yuan. Second, Aunt Qian has strict regulations on the goods that can’t be sold out, and she can’t sell them overnight, not even eggs. The franchisee "Sanjie" at the beginning of the article, her employee was fined once for selling eggs overnight.

Interestingly, after the "Three Sisters" exposed Qian Aunt on the Internet, Qian Aunt’s South China area adjusted the fine amount the next day, and the fine amount directly dropped from 20,000 to 10,000 yuan.

△ Screenshot of Tik Tok of "Silly Third Sister"

Fourth, increase the amount privately. According to the franchisees, many stores of Aunt Qian have been "privately added", and no matter whether the store wants it or not, it will be added to the store privately. During the Dragon Boat Festival, many stores suffered great losses because of selling zongzi. Some stores bought two zongzi, but when they received the goods, they received more than 20 pieces, which could not be sold at all.

Fifth, order less. It is understood that the daily order quantity of the store is between 300 and 400 pieces. After being delivered to the store, the franchisee can’t check them one by one at the first time, which will cause losses. For example, four watermelons were ordered, but only three were actually delivered. This kind of scene is more common, and it also gives many franchisees a headache.

Sixth, internal corruption. According to a franchisee in Shenzhen, Qian Aunt’s shop was recommended by the company, and the price was also negotiated by the company. Finally, the rental price for the franchisee was 28,400 yuan/month, and later the franchisee directly negotiated with the landlord for 20,000 yuan/month (the price to be transferred). Because the rent of the store was raised, Aunt Qian’s development department also charged a "tea fee" of 14,000 yuan, and the franchisee had to pay the company a "site selection fee". The practice of "eating at both ends" in the development department makes franchisees very speechless.

five

There is not much time left for aunt Qian.

In the final analysis, the reason why franchisees don’t make money is due to the blind expansion of Aunt Qian. Its supply chain in many places is not perfect, and the cost for franchisees is too high.

Guangdong is Qian Aunt’s base camp, and there are enough stores here to form a scale effect, so that Qian Aunt has bargaining power on the upstream, which can reduce costs and leave profit space for franchisees. But in other places, this model has encountered challenges.

Aunt Qian’s crazy expansion in the country seems to be a lot, but on average, in every city, the number is not much. In this case, the bargaining power is limited when purchasing from local suppliers, and the cost cannot be suppressed. The cost can’t be suppressed, but to ensure its own profit space, it can only be passed on to franchisees.

Of course, in the base camp of Guangdong, Aunt Qian is not completely "safe". According to franchisees, many stores in Guangzhou and Shenzhen have closed this year. In the 58 cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen, you can also see a lot of information about the transfer of Aunt Qian-the crazy expansion of Aunt Qian has begun to have an impact on her base camp.

△58 Transfer information about Aunt Qian in the same city

Aunt Qian made money and gained the reputation of consumers, but many franchisees suffered miserably. This is a model that violates the basic laws of business. This irrational, inconsistent interests and unable to achieve a win-win model is doomed to be unsustainable.

All the rapid expansion is based on the premise of profit. If Aunt Qian expands crazily for listing, but regardless of whether the franchisees are profitable, there will be big problems. This kind of expansion is "stepping on the body of the franchisee", so even if it can finally go public, it is also a bloody listing.

It is reported that at present, there are franchisees who are preparing to go through legal procedures and file a lawsuit with Aunt Qian.

The time left for aunt Qian may really be running out.

Original title: "The franchisees complained of tears, and a large number of franchisees were transferred: What happened to Aunt Qian, who was preparing to go public? 》

Read the original text

　　Not long ago, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a message saying that "speeding up and reducing fees" should be effectively implemented this year, and asked the three major operators to respond positively. Recently, China Mobile has announced that it will actively implement the requirements of the national policy of speeding up and reducing fees, and continuously reduce the self-funded level. At the same time, it is also announced that it will launch six measures to benefit the people in the near future, such as doubling voice resources in 10 yuan and quickly unsubscribing marketing short messages.

　　I believe that through these measures, China Mobile will be able to speed up and reduce fees. The following are the details of the six major initiatives:

Initiative 1: launch the activity of "checking the age of the network to send traffic"

　　Since May 1st, 2019, China Mobile has launched the activity of checking the network age to send traffic. Customers can get different traffic when they send it from 2019 to 10086. The longer the network age, the more traffic they get, and the maximum traffic they can get is 30G. Up to now, the number of participating customers has reached 120 million.

　　In the next step, China Mobile will launch a series of activities, such as checking the network age to send traffic, sending rights and points, and recruiting 5G pioneer customers in combination with the network age.

Initiative 2: Launch the "Enjoy Series" package.

　　Since April 20, 2019, China Mobile has successively launched a series of enjoy packages in 10 provinces (cities) including Beijing, Sichuan and Liaoning. At present, the package is promoted nationwide.

　　This package is the first product with unlimited capacity, and the more you use it, the cheaper it is. The package contains 50G of traffic, which supports multi-person sharing, and gives broadband and broadband TV, and the rights and interests such as free family number calling.

Initiative 3: Launch the preferential activity of "Voice Doubling"

　　From May 17th, 2019, China Mobile will launch a nationwide "Voice Doubling" campaign. For package customers, you can enjoy the voice doubling in the original package by adding a minimum of 10 yuan.

　　For example, the original 58 yuan Feixiangtong package contains 150 minutes of national voice, and customers can double the voice in the package to 300 minutes by adding a minimum of 10 yuan.

Measure 4: "0000" can easily check and withdraw value-added services.

　　China Mobile has launched a unified inquiry and unsubscribe service for value-added services 0000. Customers can quickly inquire about the subscription status of monthly value-added services and corresponding tariff standards by editing SMS "0000" on their mobile phones and sending it to 10086. At the same time, according to the inquiry results, one or more subscribed services can be conveniently and quickly unsubscribed by replying to the service serial number.

　　In addition, China Mobile has also launched an industry short message "0000" inquiry and unsubscribe service. If customers don’t want to receive some industry short messages again, they can send "0000" to this short message number for inquiry and unsubscribe.

Initiative 5: 10080 service quality supervision hotline

　　On January 20, 2019, China Mobile set up the whole network upgrade complaint center, and activated the number 10080 as the service quality supervision hotline, so as to collect and listen to customers’ voices more timely and accurately, centrally accept, quickly check and accurately handle all kinds of upgrade complaints from customers.

　　If the customer thinks that the reasonable demands made through the service channels such as the 10086 hotline have not been properly handled or there is any dispute about the handling result, he can call 10080 to reflect the problem and get feedback within 120 hours at the latest.

Measure 6: Quick installation and quick repair, and overtime delivery of traffic.

　　In the area with installed conditions, customers apply for home broadband opening and maintenance service. If it cannot be completed within the time agreed by both parties, China Mobile will compensate customers for their mobile phone traffic and send 1GB for every day of delay.

1.sock away
save money

You should sock away a certain amount each month.
You should save a sum of money every month.

2.live from hand to mouth
Earn from hand to mouth

Bob had a little money socked away, so he didn’t have to live from hand to mouth.
Bob saved a little money, so his life was passable.

3.live off the fat of the land
Live on the food produced by the land

How hard can it be to strike out on your own and live off the fat of the land?
How hard do you have to eat on the ground?

4.make hay while the sun is shining
Make money or save money at the first opportunity.

While he had been successful at his job, he had made plenty of hay while the sun was shining.
He succeeded in his work and saved a lot of money.

5.in the twinkling of an eye
In an instant, blink of an eye.

Things could go terribly wrong in the twinkling of an eye.
Things get messy in the blink of an eye.

6.as free as a bird
free and easy

I found the reasons for his decision to throw in the towel and become free as a bird compelling.
After I found out his reason for giving up, I was no longer free.

7.get one’s ducks in a row
Be fully prepared to accomplish something.

Bob was very careful not to let on what he was thinking to anyone until he got all his ducks in a row.
Bob was very careful. He didn’t tell anyone what he thought until he was fully prepared.

8.salt of the earth
Salt of the Earth

Bill was salt of the earth.
Bill is a social elite.

9.on the spur of the moment
act on impulse

He knew that such a decision couldn’t be made on the spur of a moment.
He knows that he can’t make a decision on impulse.

10.by the seat of one’s pants
By skill, by intuition

He did wonder if things might be a bit more interesting if he gave living by the seat of his pants a go.
He wondered if it would be more interesting if he had made a living by his skill.

11.money to burn
Money to burn

Sure, he never had money to burn, but he managed to get by.
Of course, he never ran out of money, but he succeeded.

12.the powers that be
Refers to the person in power

Certainly, he never questioned the powers that be.
Of course, he never questioned those in power.

13.tag along
Tail others

Bill repeatedly told Bob that tagging along with everyone else would eventually get boring.
Bill told Bob again and again that it was boring to follow others.

14.throw in the towel
give up

I found the reasons for his decision to throw in the towel and become free as a bird compelling.
After I found out his reason for giving up, I never had any worries again.

15.jack-of-all-trades
A person who wears many hats.

Bill made his living as a jack-of-all-trades.
Bill wears many hats in order to make a living.

16.not able to see the forest for the trees
| Too obsessed with details, leading to the neglect of more important parts.

The more he pondered the idea the more he came to realize that he wasn’t able to see the forest for the trees.
The more he thinks about it, the more he feels that he has neglected the really important part because he is obsessed with details.

17.tilt at windmills
Fight an imaginary enemy or threat

He still felt he was tilting at windmills.
He still feels that he is fighting an imaginary enemy.

18.get a new lease on life
Take a new attitude towards life.

These memories of Bill came flooding back as Bob began to to prepare to get a new lease on life.
When Bob decided to start his life again, those memories of Bill poured in again.

19.the prime of life
The heyday of life

However, Bob was in the the prime of life and he was ready for adventure.
However, Bob is now in his prime, and he is ready for the adventure.

20.throw something down the drain
waste

How can you throw all you’ve worked for down the drain?
How can you waste the fruits of your labor?

21.lose one’s marbles
Fall into madness

He’s lost his marbles.
He is really crazy.

practise

?He’s a smart man because he has ____________ a lot of money for his retirement.

?I’m sure you’l feel _________________ once you graduate from college.

?Ever since I got the new job, I feel like I’ve gotten _________________.

?You’ll be surprised how quickly your child will grow up. It sometimes seems that it happened ____________.

?My grandfather was a ______________________. He did everything!

?Too many people around the world have to ____________________. It’s horrible!

?Of course, ___________________ do nothing to help the truly needy.

?Sometimes it seems like I’m ________________ by trying to start a new business.

answer

?socked away

?as free as a bird

?a new lease on life

?in the twinkling of an eye

?jack-of-all-trades

?live from hand to mouth

?the powers that be

?tilting at windmills

(Source: Hujiang English Editor: Julie)

CCTV News:Yunnan snub-nosed monkey is a rare and endangered species endemic to China, and it is a national first-class key protected animal. Experts mentioned that Yunnan golden monkeys were not detected in Yulong Snow Mountain, but they were detected in nearby Laojun Mountain. Next, we will follow the reporter’s footsteps to visit the habitat of Yunnan golden monkey in Laojun Mountain.

Lijiang Laojun Mountain is located in Yulong County, northwest of Lijiang City. It belongs to the main vein of Yunling Mountain in the southern section of Hengduan Mountain, and has multiple identities such as national geological park, world heritage of three parallel rivers and scenic spots. Here, the geology and landforms are magnificent, and the forest meadows are connected. The beautiful Yunnan golden monkey lives in a virgin forest with an area of about 120 square kilometers at an altitude of about 3200 meters in the hinterland of Laojun Mountain.

Zhang Fang, Laojunshan Biodiversity Conservation Center, Lijiang City:There are two populations of Yunnan golden monkey in Laojun Mountain of Lijiang, one is called Jinsichang population, and the other is called Dapingzi population. Through our investigation for many years, the number of monkeys in Jinsichang has increased from more than 180 at the beginning to about 280 now, and there may be about 50 monkeys in Dapingzi.

Clouds steaming around, ancient trees towering, and pineapples hanging down are the portrayal of this forest. Yunnan golden monkeys are called "Snow Mountain Elves". Although they are famous for their "red lips" which are similar to human faces, their living environment is mostly far away from people and unattainable.

Zhang Zhixiang, Chief Expert of Forestry and Grass Science in National Forestry and Grassland Administration:Yunnan golden monkey’s requirement for vegetation is really special. It wants dark coniferous forest and usnea. Only in dark coniferous forest does a large number of usnea appear in virgin forest. In addition, there are broad-leaved forests in high mountains, and it is only in the misty environment that there may be usnea or this lichen, and it is mainly dendritic lichen.

Yunnan golden monkey is considered as an indicator species of forest authenticity because it only lives in virgin forest or virgin secondary forest with little human interference. The habitat they choose must be a world that is pristine, pure and rich enough, and many other species live and multiply freely with them.

Zhang Fang, Laojunshan Biodiversity Conservation Center, Lijiang City:More than 80 infrared cameras were installed, and Yunnan golden monkey, black-necked pheasant, yellow-throated pheasant, forest musk deer and other national key protected animals, as well as many rare and endangered animals such as yellow-throated mink, red panda, blood pheasant and white-bellied golden pheasant were monitored.