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At the Chongqing Auto Show a few days ago, Changan Ford officially released the "Sports Edition".

This car is not a derivative of the familiar Mondeo sedan-it is a model with a 2.0T powertrain.

To be more specific, this "Mondeo Sport Edition" was actually made by Ford China for the China market before, but now with the help of powertrain adjustment, the product name has been changed to below Mondeo.

01

origin

According to Changan Ford, Mondeo is actually a "family sequence" now. The addition of this sports edition expands Mondeo’s product line, and also makes Mondeo family become a mid-to high-end car product line with four powertrains, including 1.5T and 2.0T fuel assemblies of cars, a 1.5T hybrid assembly and the 2.0T hybrid assembly carried by this sports edition.

As for changing EVOS to "Mondeo Sports Edition", is it ok? Personally, I don’t think there is anything wrong with it. A good and well-known product line, constantly expanding derivative models is also the routine operation of car companies, but it is rare to keep only one product line.

For example, Chinese people are familiar with it. In fact, there were hatchback version, sedan version and coupe sports products at the beginning. The latest car company to do this is Toyota-expanding from a single model brand to a product line including cars, sports coupes.

Therefore, "Mondeo", as the best-selling and most recognized product of Changan Ford in China market at present, can be regarded as "bringing the old with the new" by adding a previous "unpopular" model, and may receive additional effects.

Moreover, considering that Mondeo doesn’t have many new car moves in the China market this year, it is also very reasonable to continue to drive the popularity of Mondeo by adding a "Mondeo Sports Edition".

02

motive force

So, what about the Mondeo Sports Edition after switching to Ford’s "high-horsepower E-hybrid"?

First of all, Mondeo Sports Edition is a powertrain with only E-hybrid 2.0T EcoBoost, and the 2.0T+8AT version has been cancelled. This is also different from the power version of Mondeo car, which has the strongest power output in the family, so it is reasonable to call it "sports version".

This 2.0T hybrid adopts the power split configuration E-CVT gearbox, so like most hybrid models of Toyota and Honda, it can only be blue.

But the biggest difference between it and hybrid products such as Toyota and Honda is that Ford, an American brand, is very persistent in its pursuit of performance.

First report the parameters of Mondeo Sports Edition:

The 2.0T high-power engine with 212kW and 403N·m is the most powerful engine in the hybrid powertrain. Compare the high thermal efficiency engines that hybrid models like to use now. Most 2.0T hybrid engines are only 150 and 160kW at most, and the high thermal efficiency of 1.5T is about 110kW. Even for the 2.0T engine used for pure fuel vehicles, the power above 200kW is actually very limited-the torque is mostly below 400 N m.

Not only that, Mondeo Sports Edition also has a high-power motor of 140kW and 320N·m, which is much stronger than the output of Toyota THS motor with the same configuration of only 83kW, and also more than the 135kW of Honda iMMD, even stronger than many P3 motors with DHT architecture.

Of course, the gearbox of Mondeo Sports Edition is still in power split configuration, so the output power cannot be directly superimposed. The comprehensive power output of this set of E-hybrid 2.0T is 227kW, which has reached the output level of 3.5L V6 engine in terms of performance. Although it is less than Ford’s 2.7T V6 in that year, the torque output is estimated to be comparable.

Changan Ford said that with the help of Mondeo Sports Edition and the motor, the zero-hundred acceleration can run within 6 seconds, while the middle acceleration of 40-80kph can achieve 2-second acceleration. Therefore, Mondeo Sports Edition is really worthy of the title of "sports" at least in terms of motivation.

In actual driving, Mondeo Sports Edition still retains three driving modes: standard, energy saving and sports, and at the same time, it has an L gear, which is equivalent to strong kinetic energy recovery. However, there is no choice of pure electric mode, which may be a difference between Mondeo Sports Edition and Japanese Hybrid.

In the standard mode, the output of Mondeo Sports Edition will be abundant, and the throttle opening of about 10% and 20% will be smoother and smoother than that of traditional fuel vehicles. Moreover, when the full throttle goes down, the speed can be pulled up very smoothly, and the power output is also very direct, but there is no shift feeling of the traditional gearbox.

Compared with the standard mode, the sport mode mainly makes the output more rapid at the initial throttle opening of 5%, and there will be a feeling of rushing out. And the acceleration of the whole middle section will be sharper, especially in the corner, when you turn out and add the throttle, the release of the whole power will feel faster. It is guessed that 2.0T will stay in the high-speed range more. This actually shows that the power split configuration is closer to the driving feeling of the oil truck, and the motor mainly participates in the middle and low speed working conditions.

The energy-saving mode can be said a little more. First of all, the starting state will be smoother and the power will be slightly restrained. It is suitable for starting with a small throttle opening, which is very soothing. In the energy-saving mode, the acceleration feeling of basically stepping on the throttle opening of 30%-50% will not be too strong, that is, the normal speed increase, which is very oily, not the surging output of the motor. When the full throttle is depressed, there will be an obvious power lag, which seems to confirm whether the driver really needs power, and there will be an obvious power release after about two seconds.

In addition, there is a problem in the energy-saving mode, that is, in the state of following the car at a speed of 30 to 40 kilometers per hour, you can obviously perceive the state of electromechanical coupling, and there will be some slight rush.

As for the fuel consumption performance, it should be said that it is the advantage of Ford Mondeo Sports Edition, with an average speed of about 40 kilometers per hour, 22-degree air conditioning and 3 wind protection throughout the journey, and the average fuel consumption is 5L/ 100 kilometers. Compared with other media, this figure is really a little high. Some media even ran out of 3.9L/ 100 km without air conditioning, while most media ran out of 4.7L. Later, I summed up the reason why my car ran out of 5L, which should be that I kept driving L gear and skidded too little (L gear is more suitable for downhill road conditions).

03

control

The motivation of Mondeo Sports Edition is enough, but in terms of chassis control, this car is not as "sporty" as expected, but prefers more comfort that China consumers like. This is actually consistent with the current Mondeo sedan. After all, the chassis structures of the two models are also consistent.

In terms of driving experience, Mondeo Sport Edition uses a 20-inch wheel hub size, and matches the low rolling resistance and some sporty tires like Mapai EC6. Therefore, at first, you will feel that the contact feeling of this car is hard when driving to road joints and potholes, and the vibration transmission is still relatively high. Just thanks to the soft cushion, the problem of hard contact can be better solved.

However, when you drive in continuous curves and national roads for an hour, you will find that the chassis of Mondeo Sports Edition is still a comfortable route. When encountering a big pothole, the compression of the whole suspension is still very large, so as to make the impact softer as much as possible, and the left and right shaking of the whole body is more obvious.

Moreover, in corners, as long as you turn sharply with a faster speed, the roll of the whole body is relatively obvious. Fortunately, the roll rate will be slower, and it will not suddenly collapse. If you meet the acceleration belt in the corner and you are still accelerating, the rear axle will slip more, which is very similar to the Mondeo car.

Because I have been driving for a long time, personally, I feel that the Ford Mondeo Sports Edition is not as "whole" as the electric horse on the chassis, and the whole body swings relatively large, which may also be related to the different rigidity of the body, and the whole suspension is indeed softer.

However, it is also beneficial to adjust the direction of comfort. When driving on a flat national road, the vehicle will have a good sense of suspension, and the bushing can control the ups and downs of the road properly, which is a classic American cart feeling.

In addition, during this test drive in Dali, there were a lot of dense speed bumps and pavement patches on a section of the road. This kind of high-frequency vibration will actually bring very uncomfortable driving feeling to sports vehicles. For example, I have driven on the same section, which can only be said to be unsatisfactory.

But this time, if you switch to the Ford Mondeo Sports Edition, you can obviously feel the high-frequency vibration generated by driving through the dense speed bump, but it is soft enough to be transmitted to the driver. The suspension can eliminate many shocks in a short time, and there will be no feeling of jumping at the tail of some cars, which is more comfortable than the electric horse.

In terms of steering, Ford’s adjustment of Mondeo Sports Edition is also in line with the "taste" of China consumers, and the whole steering feel is light and the electronic taste is obvious. Especially at low speed, it is easy to turn the steering wheel, and the virtual position is slightly larger, which is obviously different from the global model Ford electric horse.

Perhaps Ford China’s thinking is not to adjust the steering wheel too heavily when driving a big car in China. After all, it is inconvenient to cross the street and back into the warehouse. Fortunately, after the speed rises, the steering with the speed will be heavier and the center will be good, which is suitable for long-distance driving.

04

static

After talking about the dynamics of the new Mondeo Sports Edition, let’s briefly review the static performance of this "not a new car".

The first thing to say is that this car is called "Mondeo Sports Edition", which means that Changan Ford does not think it is an SUV, but a hatchback. Changan Ford also emphasizes that the height of the sports version is 1.6 meters, which is just stuck on the dividing line between SUV and car, so it is still the positioning of hatchback coupe.

But you said that it is not an SUV-in fact, the full-load ground clearance has reached 168mm, which is even superior to many urban SUVs in terms of passability.

Besides the selling point of powertrain, another main selling point of Mondeo Sport Edition is space.

In terms of size, the length of the car is about 4.92 meters, the width of the car is about 1.92 meters, and the wheelbase has reached 2945 mm.

According to the actual measurement, the leg space in the back row of this car is quite ample, and the knee space is close to one meter. On the premise that the second row is upright, it has a trunk space of 527L, and the platform is quite flat. After the second row is put down, it becomes a large space of 1550L, which is also practical enough.

In terms of appearance, the new car mainly adds the body color of Xiao Ri Orange, and comes standard with 20-inch wheels. The ordinary version and the ST-Line version are also different in design: including bright black ornaments on the outside, bright black window strips, ST-Line logo, etc. On the interior, the ST-Line version uses bright red decorative strips, as well as sports seats, ST-Line embroidery and so on.

The rest of the configuration is no different from the previous EVOS, and the 27-inch 4K large screen, SYNC+ 2.0 system, Wolong awakening welcome induction system and so on are retained.

05

Summary of driving an official

In terms of price, the Mondeo Sports Edition is not expensive either-starting from 209,800 yuan, and the ST-Line version is 229,800 yuan.

The extra 20 thousand yuan is mainly because the ST-Line version has a separate appearance kit. The seat configuration is equipped with heating and ventilation memory and B&O audio, and the safety configuration is equipped with front radar, knee airbag, panoramic image and parallel auxiliary functions. Obviously, Changan Ford is probably thinking that young consumers don’t care about this 20,000 yuan, and they can sell a little more.

In a word, Changan Ford added a sports version to its own Mondeo family, which brought the strongest power system in the whole Mondeo family, a more dynamic and personalized appearance. I think it is also an innovation of Changan Ford in the mid-to high-end car market, further amplifying the sound volume and product options of Mondeo.

For some young consumers, they want a big car with better sports performance, and if they think L is too serious-then Mondeo Sports Edition is very suitable.

And the Mondeo Sport Edition is not behind in the powertrain. The high-horsepower hybrid is superior to any opponent with a price of 200,000 yuan, and it will not lose face.

（END）

　　On the evening of October 24, the three major US stock indexes opened mixed, with the Dow down 0.22%, the Nasdaq up 0.62% and the S&P 500 up 0.27%.

　　Large technology stocks were mixed, with Meta up 0.81%, NVIDIA up 0.63%, Amazon up 0.40%, Microsoft up 0.10%, Google down 0.31% and Apple down 0.26%.

　　Tesla’s share price soared by 16.08%, and its market value rose by 109.748 billion US dollars (about 781.166 billion yuan).

　　After the US stock market closed on Wednesday, October 23rd, EST, Tesla announced the financial data for the third quarter of 2024.

　　The data shows that Tesla’s revenue increased by nearly 8% year-on-year in the third quarter, which is still lower than expected, butProfit surprise, the gross profit margin rose by 195 basis points to 19.8% instead of falling year-on-year, and the gross profit margin of automobile business rose to 17.1% beyond expectations;The revenue from "selling carbon" increased by more than 30% year-on-year, hitting a single season high.

　　In the third quarter, the calculation of artificial intelligence (AI) training increased by more than 75%. In this quarter, Tesla deployed a cluster of 29,000 NVIDIA H100 chips in Gigafactory, a Texas super factory, and conducted training. It is estimated that it will have a production capacity of 50,000 H100 chips by the end of October.

　　Tesla proudly announced in the shareholder report that on October 22, it had produced 7 million cars, andThe latest Cybertruck has become the third best-selling pure electric vehicle in the United States, second only to Model 3 and Model Y. Tesla did not announce the specific sales volume of each model..

　　Musk said thatHe predicted that Tesla car sales will increase by 20% ~ 30% next year; Cybercab will be mass-produced in 2026, with the goal of producing at least 2 million units per year.

　　Musk said thatWhen Tesla’s cheap electric car model comes out, the unit price will be less than 30 thousand dollars; Tesla will not produce cheap cars that lack a driverless version; The conventional $25,000 electric car will be "meaningless".

　　Tesla CFO Vaibhav Taneja said that the cost per unit vehicle hit a record low in the third quarter, which will be a trend we pay attention to, and promised that the company will continue to focus on cost reduction; Due to the release of FSD function, the profit rate of automobile business has improved.

　　According to Xinhua Financial News, in the early morning of October 24th, Beijing time, the Federal Reserve released the latest national economic situation survey report (commonly known as the "Beige Book", the same below). The Beige Book shows that, on the whole, since the beginning of September, the economic activities of almost all the American regions surveyed have not changed much. However, two regions experienced moderate economic growth. Although the uncertainty is still high, the respondents are slightly optimistic about the long-term prospects, and inflationary pressures continue to ease.

　　Looking at the inflation situation specifically, the Beige Book shows that the sales prices in most areas have increased slightly or moderately, but the prices of some foods such as eggs and dairy products have increased greatly. In many areas, house prices rose slightly, but rents were flat or slightly decreased. Many areas are concerned about the increase in consumer sensitivity to prices.

　　On October 10th, the latest inflation data of the United States showed that the CPI (Consumer Price Index) of the United States rose by 2.4% year-on-year and 0.2% quarter-on-quarter. Excluding volatile food and energy prices, the core CPI of the United States increased by 3.3% year-on-year and 0.3% quarter-on-quarter in September. Overall, the inflation value dropped to a three-year low, but the "cooling" rate of inflation was slightly lower than expected.

　　National business daily is integrated from Xinhua Finance and Public Information.

　

　　Our reporter Wu Xiaolu

　　On May 9, Heilongjiang Securities Regulatory Bureau released the random sampling results of the on-site inspection objects of corporate bond issuers in 2023. Since April, multi-local securities regulatory bureaus have started the self-inspection or on-site inspection of corporate bonds in the jurisdiction in 2023. According to the incomplete statistics of the website of the CSRC, as of May 9, a total of 13 local securities regulatory bureaus have carried out self-inspection and on-site inspection of bonds in their jurisdictions, of which 10 local securities regulatory bureaus have issued a "double random" on-site inspection list, and 4 local securities regulatory bureaus have carried out self-inspection of corporate bonds or ABS (Note: Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau has carried out both self-inspection and on-site inspection).

　　Some people in the industry told reporters that on-site inspection and self-inspection of bond issuers are routine actions of the regulatory authorities, but this year’s self-inspection shows the characteristics of increasing the number of inspections, expanding the scope and being targeted.

　　Fei Chao, general manager of the Quality Control Headquarters of Caida Securities Investment Banking Committee, told the Securities Daily reporter that the normalized regulatory inspection and self-inspection work is conducive to strengthening the risk management and control of the surviving bonds, supervising the bond issuing enterprises to fulfill their obligations in a standardized manner, and urging the trustee to perform their duties and responsibilities, which is conducive to better protecting the rights and interests of investors and promoting the stable and healthy development of the bond market.

　　Normalization development

　　Self-inspection and on-site inspection

　　Judging from the random sampling list of 10 local securities regulatory bureaus, most local securities regulatory bureaus selected one or two bond issuers as the "double random" on-site inspection targets in 2023. As for the reasons for the on-site inspection, the local securities regulatory bureaus said that it was to implement the requirements of the the State Council and China Securities Regulatory Commissions on establishing a "double random" spot check mechanism.

　　The securities regulatory bureaus in Beijing, Jiangsu, Fujian and Henan have successively issued notices to carry out comprehensive self-examination or designated self-examination. Judging from the object of self-inspection, Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau requires that issuers with surviving bonds as of April 30 should carry out self-inspection of bond business; Fujian Securities Regulatory Bureau and Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau require that as of April 30, issuers and original rights holders of surviving corporate bonds and ABS conduct self-inspection. In addition, the Fujian Securities Regulatory Bureau also requires relevant intermediaries to conduct self-examination; Jiangsu Securities Regulatory Bureau appointed 385 bond issuers to conduct self-examination and self-correction on the surviving bonds.

　　"Self-inspection of bonds is the proper normalization of bond supervision. Expanding and standardizing the scope of self-inspection is the optimization of bond supervision in the new stage and the key to the stable development of the bond market." Tian Lihui, dean of the Institute of Financial Development of Nankai University, said in an interview with a reporter from Securities Daily.

　　A related person from the bond financing department of a brokerage told reporters that the normalized on-site inspection or self-examination will help to find problems in advance and "early warning and demining" in advance.

　　The 2023 System Work Conference of the China Securities Regulatory Commission mentioned, "Strengthen comprehensive judgment and forward-looking response, and steadily and orderly resolve risks in key areas such as private equity funds, local trading venues, and bond defaults." The 2023 bond supervision work conference of the China Securities Regulatory Commission proposed, "comprehensively deepen the prevention and resolution of key bond risks, strive to further converge the risk of bond default, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors."

　　Regarding the reasons for the self-inspection by the securities regulatory bureaus in the four places, Fei Chao said, "The regulatory authorities aim to further transmit the regulatory pressure through the normalized inspection system, clarify the regulatory priorities, and effectively implement the decision-making arrangements of the 2023 CSRC System Work Conference and the Bond Supervision Work Conference to ensure the stable and healthy development of the bond market in the jurisdiction."

　　New urban investment and real estate enterprises

　　Special index

　　Self-examination and on-site inspection are not "two choices". On April 24, 2023, Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau issued the self-inspection notice of corporate bonds in its jurisdiction, and on May 6, 2023, it released the "double random" extraction list of the on-site inspection objects of corporate bond issuers in its jurisdiction.

　　In the notice of self-inspection, Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau stated that if the issuer of corporate bonds and the original owner of ABS found violations of laws and regulations in the self-inspection stage and took timely rectification and remedial measures, Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau would handle them as appropriate according to the seriousness of the circumstances and the harmful consequences; For issuers and original rights holders who refuse to conduct self-examination, fail to conduct self-examination seriously, and fail to complete self-examination on schedule, as well as issuers and original rights holders who fail to truthfully reflect the situation and deliberately conceal illegal acts during self-examination, Henan Securities Regulatory Bureau will focus on and strictly deal with them in subsequent on-site inspections.

　　The Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau also stated in the self-inspection notice that on the basis of the self-inspection work of corporate bond issuers, the Beijing Securities Regulatory Bureau will carry out on-site inspection according to the work arrangement.

　　Judging from the self-examination papers of corporate bond issuers issued by the local securities regulatory bureau, the regulatory authorities focus on four aspects, namely, solvency, information disclosure, fund raising, corporate governance and commitment fulfillment.

　　Among them, in terms of solvency, the self-inspection draft requires the city investment issuer and the real estate enterprise issuer to fill in the special indicators of self-inspection respectively. "This is a new requirement put forward by the regulatory authorities this year." A related person from the bond financing department of the above-mentioned brokerage firm told the reporter that it may be because the scale of bonds issued by city investment companies is relatively large, and the potential risks of real estate enterprises are relatively high, so they have become key enterprises.

　　"Since the self-inspection work is to promote and standardize bond issuance, and city investment companies and real estate enterprises are often highly leveraged, they are required to fill in special indicators and make more demanding information disclosure, which is the need for risk prevention and market stability." Tian Lihui said.

　　"Combined with the key concerns of corporate bond review issued by the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in 2021, this is a specific regulation made by the regulatory authorities in combination with key concerns and related information disclosure requirements, aiming at guiding and urging issuers and related intermediaries to improve corporate bond information disclosure quality, effectively arranging risk of debt of enterprises in related industries, and doing a good job in risk prevention." Fei Chao said.

Recently, Azerbaijani media reported that Azerbaijan Air Force purchased JF-17 Thunderbolt Block3 light fighter (called "Xiaolong" in Chinese) produced by pakistan international airlines Consortium, and the number of purchased fighters is expected to reach 21.

This figure is not even a fraction of the air force of a big country. However, considering that the total number of active fighters of the Azerbaijan Air Force is only 36 (including MIG -29 fighters, MIG -21 fighters, Su -25 attack aircraft, etc.), these 21 JF-17 Block3 fighters will become the absolute main force of the Azerbaijan Air Force after delivery.

Then, why did Azerbaijan purchase JF-17 Block3 fighters in bulk? Is there a deeper meaning behind this incident?

"Xiaolong" Block3 (Pakistan called JF-17 "Thunderbolt" Block3) made its first flight in Chengdu.

The Naka conflict made Afghanistan accelerate the purchase of "Xiaolong"

The author believes that the most direct driving factor for Azerbaijan to get JF-17 Block3 fighter is the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The Naka conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. From September 27, 2020 to October 10, 2020, the two sides reached a ceasefire agreement for the first time. However, just a few minutes after the agreement was reached, the armed forces of the two countries clashed again. It was not until November 10 that a comprehensive ceasefire was formally established with the strong intervention of Russia.

However, both Azerbaijan and Armenia are well aware that the ceasefire agreement reached now is only temporary, and since 1989, armed conflicts have broken out between the two countries many times. Moreover, in this Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Armenia suffered a great loss, and only kept control of a few areas such as the capital of Nagorno-Karabakh. Therefore, the Armenian side will never let it go, and it is likely to accumulate strength and wait for the opportunity to retaliate.

In this case, Azerbaijan must be prepared for the next possible conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, so purchasing new fighters from abroad is one of the most powerful preparation measures. You know, on December 30th, 2020, Almugahed Anwar Khan, Chief of Staff of the Pakistan Air Force, just announced that JF-17 Block3 fighter was officially put into mass production in Kamla Aircraft Factory of pakistan international airlines Consortium. Then, according to the time of receiving fighters reported by Azerbaijan’s domestic media, it means that among the first batch of JF-17 Block3 fighters put into mass production, there should be some orders from Azerbaijan’s air force in addition to Pakistan’s own orders.

Moreover, Azerbaijan’s domestic media mentioned that these 21 JF-17 Block3 fighters will be delivered within 10 years, which is indeed a bit too long in terms of time. According to the author’s analysis, on the one hand, compared with the previous Block1/2, JF-17 Block3 fighter does have a larger technological upgrade, so from the beginning, the production speed of pakistan international airlines Kamla Aircraft Factory will be slower, and it will take time to gradually increase the production capacity. On the other hand, it is obvious that Azerbaijan is preparing for the next large-scale armed conflict with a time limit of 10 years.

With the successive delivery of JF-17 Block3 fighters, the oldest and backward MIG -21 combat opportunity in Azerbaijan Air Force was eliminated first. After that, some Su -25 attack aircraft and MIG -29 fighters that have reached their flight life will also be replaced by JF-17 fighters. In this way, if war breaks out between Azerbaijan and Armenia again in 10 years, Azerbaijan’s air force with 21 JF-17 fighters will be able to stand on its own, instead of relying on Turkish air force’s F-16 fighters to fight against Armenian air force.

"Jilong" fighter displayed during Zhuhai Air Show.

The most exciting purchasing factor: high cost performance

In fact, in terms of time, as early as 2015, a country once promoted JF-17 fighters to Azerbaijan, and this country is Turkey, which has always maintained friendly relations with Azerbaijan and Pakistan. At that time, Azerbaijan hoped to purchase a new type of fighter with affordable performance and meeting the requirements in bulk to replace the old fighters in active service of its air force. Turkey wanted this order very much, but it didn’t have a suitable model, so it recommended the JF-17 fighter jet jointly developed by China and Pakistan to Azerbaijan. In that year, pakistan international airlines Kamla Aircraft Factory had completed the production task of Pakistani Air Force JF-17 Thunderbolt Block1, and began to switch to the upgraded Block2. Therefore, the Azerbaijani military inspected JF-17 Thunderbolt Block2 light fighter, and the Turkish side also promised to integrate advanced weapons and equipment such as air-to-ground guided ammunition and photoelectric aiming pods developed and produced in the country on this fighter. In this way, Turkish military enterprises can also take a slice of the contract for purchasing JF-17Block2 light fighters from Azerbaijan.

By the beginning of 2019, after more than four years of "running-in", Azerbaijan’s negotiations with Pakistan and Turkey on purchasing JF-17 fighter jets have begun to enter the implementation stage of specific details. However, unexpectedly, on December 27th, 2019, Armenia couldn’t wait to receive the first batch of four state-of-the-art Su -30SM dual-engine dual-seat multi-purpose heavy fighter from Russia. In this way, the Armenian Air Force soon formed an equipment performance advantage over the Azerbaijani Air Force, and the JF-17 Block2 fighter plane that the latter originally planned to purchase was obviously unable to counter the Su -30SM dual-engine dual-seat multi-purpose heavy fighter.

KLJ-7A phased array radar displayed by CLP 14.

Therefore, Russia took this opportunity to actively promote Su -35 and MiG -35, two advanced fighter planes with emphasis on air combat, to counter the Su -30SM dual-engine, two-seat and multi-purpose heavy fighter of Armenian Air Force. The Azerbaijani military delegation was invited to visit aviation enterprises in Russia in April, 2020. After comparison and analysis, the MIG -35 fighter with a relatively cheap price (about US$ 45 million) and a common engine with the MIG -29 was finally selected. Moreover, the pilots of Azerbaijan Air Force also personally tested the MiG -35 fighter and expressed satisfaction with its flight performance and airborne equipment.

After that, the Azerbaijani military formally proposed to Russia the intention of purchasing MiG -35 fighters in bulk. Unexpectedly, after the outbreak of the Naka War in September 2020, Russia frozen the consultation with Azerbaijan on the purchase of MiG -35 fighters. Of course, in order to be fair, Russia did not provide support to the Armenian Air Force, which made it impossible for the four Su -30SM dual-engine, two-seat multi-purpose heavy fighter equipped by the country to take off. As a result, when the Turkish Air Force F-16 fighters "stranded" in Azerbaijan directly participated in the war, they quickly took control of the air superiority over the Naka area, and there was basically no suspense about the outcome of the war between the two sides.

On November 10, 2020, after the two sides formally ceased fire under the supervision of Russian peacekeeping forces, Azerbaijan finally decided to purchase JF-17 fighter jets from Pakistan without hesitation. Of course, this time Azerbaijan has chosen the latest Block3 version instead of the Block2 version in 2015. In terms of performance, Block3 version is weaker than Su -30SM heavy fighter in terms of flight performance, such as ceiling, flight speed, maneuverability and bomb load, and has certain advantages over the latter in terms of airborne avionics system and airborne weapons and ammunition.

Xiaolong can carry many types of precision guided ammunition.

Su -30SM heavy fighter is equipped with NO11R passive phased array radar, while JF-17 Block3 fighter is equipped with foreign trade active phased array radar newly developed in China. According to CLP 14, the research and development unit of this type of radar, the performance of JF-17 equipped with active phased array radar has reached the same level as that of AN/APG-81 equipped with American F-35 fighters. Therefore, JF-17 Block3 fighter is superior to Su -30SM heavy fighter in fire control radar performance.

In addition, according to the information disclosed by the Pakistan Air Force, JF-17 Block3 fighter will also be equipped with foreign trade models of a new generation of air-to-air missiles developed by China, namely PL-10E short-range combat air-to-air missile and PL-15E long-range air-to-air missile. Especially PL-15E long-range air-to-air missile, its overall performance has surpassed the most advanced AIM-120D long-range air-to-air missile in the United States, and it is the best long-range air-to-air missile in the world at present. In this way, with the powerful combination of active phased array radar and PL-15E long-range air-to-air missile, JF-17 Block3 fighter can take the lead in attacking Su -30SM heavy fighter in over-the-horizon air combat. Previously, the Pakistan Air Force’s F-16 Block52 fighter shot down the Indian Air Force’s Su -30MKI fighter by firing AIM-120C long-range air-to-air missiles in the air battle in February 2020, which proved that medium or light fighters can also defeat heavy fighter by adopting appropriate tactics. Therefore, by purchasing JF-17 Block3 fighters, Azerbaijan can also gain experience from Pakistan on how to fight against Su -30SM heavy fighter.

In addition, from the point of view of logistics support, JF-17 Block3 fighter is also superior to MIG -35. First of all, Turkey, Pakistan and Azerbaijan have maintained good diplomatic relations for a long time, which can continuously guarantee the supply of airborne ammunition and spare parts. Moreover, JF-17 Block3 fighter adopts ——RD-93MA medium thrust turbofan engine, which is also a development model of Russian RD-33 series, so the engine support system of MIG -29 fighter can be used. Of course, if Azerbaijan is worried that it may be "stuck in the neck" by Russia in the future, it is also possible to use the WS-13 medium thrust turbofan engine developed by China on its JF-17 Block3 light fighter.

　　Sinopec employees work on the site of the new refinery project in Kuwait. Kuwait is one of the first countries to respond to China’s "Belt and Road Initiative". Photo courtesy of Xinhua News Agency

　　As one of the highlights of the second "Belt and Road" summit forum, today’s forum will hold an entrepreneur conference for the first time. Yesterday, Chen Zhou, vice president of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, revealed at the press conference held at the summit forum that nearly 900 representatives from international organizations, government departments, trade and investment promotion institutions and associations, enterprises, etc. will attend the conference, including 90 Fortune 500 enterprises and 78 Fortune 500 enterprises in China. The conference will organize nearly 1,000 one-on-one talks between Chinese and foreign enterprises, and a number of cooperation projects will be signed on site.

　　achievement

　　The localization rate of overseas institutions of central enterprises exceeds 85%

　　According to Xia Qingfeng, director of the Propaganda Bureau of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, there are currently 3,120 projects undertaken by central enterprises along the Belt and Road, which are distributed in various fields such as infrastructure construction, energy resources development, international capacity cooperation and industrial park construction. At present, among the infrastructure projects that have started or are planned to start, the number of projects undertaken by central enterprises accounts for more than 60%, and the contract amount accounts for nearly 80%.

　　In terms of infrastructure construction, central enterprises have promoted the interconnection of countries along the route, and in terms of international capacity cooperation, central enterprises have also promoted the economic development of relevant countries. Xia Qingfeng introduced that central enterprises have successively carried out more than 60 oil and gas cooperation projects in more than 20 countries, strengthened technical exchanges and sharing with partners in mineral resources development, and effectively improved the capacity and level of energy and mineral resources development in relevant countries.

　　In addition, central enterprises have also helped the economic transformation and upgrading of the host country. For example, Xia Qingfeng said that the Sino-Belarus Industrial Park jointly developed by SINOMACH and China Merchants Group is the largest project of economic and trade cooperation between China and Belarus. At present, 43 enterprises have entered the park, with an agreed investment of nearly 1.1 billion US dollars, which has promoted local employment and tax revenue, and deepened the professional cooperation between Belarus and other countries, including China; The sugar factory project undertaken by SINOMACH and SDIC in Ethiopia has made Ethiopia the country with the largest sugar production capacity and the most advanced technology in Africa.

　　At the same time, central enterprises still insist on localized development in the local area. Nearly 85% of the employees in the overseas institutions of central enterprises are local, and the localization rate of some enterprises, such as the Indonesian branch of PetroChina and the Pakistani branch of China Mobile, is as high as 99%.

　　In addition to providing direct jobs, central enterprises have also promoted local indirect employment and provided high-quality training for overseas employees, such as selecting outstanding employees from CCCC for training in China, which has improved their professional quality and ability.

　　274 private enterprises participate in the construction of the "Belt and Road"

　　Since the "Belt and Road Initiative" was put forward in 2013, the willingness and ability of private enterprises to participate in the "Belt and Road" construction have been continuously enhanced, and the degree of internationalization and competitiveness have also been continuously improved.

　　Ma Jun, director of the Liaison Department of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, said that in 2017, the total import and export trade between private enterprises and countries along the Belt and Road was US$ 619.98 billion, accounting for 43% of the total trade volume between China and countries along the Belt and Road, with a growth rate of 12.1%. Among them, the export value was 432.54 billion US dollars, accounting for 55.9%, with an increase rate of 8.9%; The import value was US$ 187.44 billion, accounting for 28.1%, and the growth rate was 11.9%. According to the report of the Top 500 Private Enterprises in China, 274 private enterprises in China participated in the Belt and Road construction in 2017, accounting for more than 50%, such as Huawei, Geely, TCL and Sany Heavy Industry, which promoted the infrastructure improvement and economic development of the host country and made positive contributions to solving local employment.

　　"At present, China has established 113 overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, with private enterprises leading the majority." For example, Ma Jun said that the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone built in Cambodia by Jiangsu Hodo Group Co.,Ltd. attracted 153 enterprises from China, Europe, America, Japan, South Korea and other countries and regions to settle in and created 29,000 jobs. Up to now, 113 enterprises have settled in the Thai-Chinese Luo Yong Industrial Park built by Zhejiang Huali Group in Thailand, which has solved more than 30,000 local jobs and driven China enterprises to invest more than 3 billion US dollars in Thailand.

　　This year, in order to further improve the guidance service for private enterprises to participate in the "Belt and Road" construction, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce will regularly participate in bilateral and multilateral institutional activities under the framework of national cooperation, including in-depth participation in the 2019 China International Import Expo, full implementation of the four tasks of the Beijing Summit of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum in 2018, and holding activities such as the China-Africa Private Economic Cooperation Forum with the theme of "Helping China-Africa Manufacturing Cooperation".

　　scale

　　900 delegates attended the meeting.

　　Chen Zhou, vice president of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, said that this entrepreneur conference has three characteristics: large scale, high level and strong representation of participating enterprises. A total of nearly 900 representatives from international organizations, government departments, trade and investment promotion institutions, associations and enterprises attended the meeting, including 500 Chinese representatives and more than 300 foreign representatives.

　　Among the participating enterprises, Chinese enterprises include mainland and some Hong Kong and Macao enterprises, while foreign enterprises cover all 88 countries and regions attending the summit forum, achieving full coverage of foreign leaders attending the forum.

　　These enterprises include well-known enterprises such as Tesla, small and medium-sized enterprises, leading enterprises in traditional industries such as energy and agriculture, and outstanding representative enterprises in new economic formats such as cross-border e-commerce, including 90 Fortune 500 enterprises, 78 China Fortune 500 enterprises, more than 100 central enterprises and more than 200 private enterprises.

　　Chen Zhou introduced that the agenda of the entrepreneur conference includes four links, the first is the plenary session; The second is the signing ceremony. There will be a number of cooperative projects between Chinese and foreign enterprises involving a wide range of fields, covering a wide range of countries, with great basic role, strong demonstration effect and many livelihood projects for on-site signing, and follow-up services will be provided for the implementation of these projects after the meeting; The third is the docking negotiation between Chinese and foreign enterprises; The fourth is the closing ceremony, which gives a brief summary of this conference.

　　Text/reporter Dong Xin

1905 movie network news　On the evening of November 18th, the second Chinese documentary film conference "Golden Gull" was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong. Eight films stood out from the 32 entries and won nine honors. Before the closing ceremony, the conference also held the "Glory Avenue" ceremony, where many of the finalists first met the audience.

　

In the category of works, he won the special recommendation for the annual documentary film works; Get the recommended works of natural science; Get the recommended works of culture and history; "Just Run" won the recommended works of social documentary; Get the recommended works of international communication.

　

Among the individual honors, "The Direction of Savoie Flowing" Chen Danyan became the director specially recommended by the Organizing Committee; "Snow Leopard and Her Friends" became the photography specially recommended by the organizing committee; Become a special recommended clip of the organizing Committee; Chad Cannon became a special sound effect recommended by the organizing Committee.

　

"Thank you for the Chinese Documentary Film Conference, thank you for judging teachers, and thank you for all the people who have made this film. Film creation is an endless road, and we will continue to work hard." When receiving the award on stage, the producer of Snow Leopard and Her Friends said with great emotion. The film took six years to shoot, and it was not easy to go all the way. Not long ago, the film just won the Best Documentary Award in the 36th China Golden Rooster Award.

　

"This year’s competition is particularly fierce. There are works that have won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Documentary, as well as movies on the theme of Winter Olympics. It is really unexpected to win the award." Standing in the spotlight of the podium, the director of "Invisible Peak" shared his mental journey of winning the prize. At the same time, he also said that winning the film is not a personal victory, but a victory for all filmmakers. I hope that the Chinese documentary film will get better and better.

　

When the director of "Not an Island" frankly filmed the film, he was deeply impressed by the fact that the recording engineer was afraid to move because of the mosquito bites on his arm holding the equipment in order to ensure the radio quality. The music part of this film was completed online, and the composer Richard Cannon was deeply moved by the kindness of Chinese presented in the film.

　

In addition, Liu Shihua, an internationally renowned violinist and pianist, brought classic songs such as Meditation to the audience. It is worth mentioning that 45 years ago, the Central News Recording Film Studio filmed a documentary called "Spring Bud", and Lv Siqing, who was eight years old at that time, was one of the masters of the film.

　

This year’s Chinese Documentary Film Conference is organized with the concept of "China characteristics, international vision and humanistic feelings", aiming at paying tribute to ordinary people in the industry, attracting more high-quality resources into the industry to expand the market space, and promoting the high-quality development of documentary films in China.

　　□ Rule of Law Daily reporter Wang Wei

　　According to a recent report by DPA, the plenary session of the European Parliament passed the draft authorization of the Artificial Intelligence Act with an overwhelming majority of 499 votes in favor, 28 votes against and 93 abstentions. This means that the bill enters the final negotiation stage of EU legislation to strictly supervise the application of artificial intelligence technology, and the European Parliament, the European Commission and member States will conduct "tripartite" negotiations to determine the final terms of the bill. The German "Business Daily" said that the "Artificial Intelligence Act" is expected to be finally approved by the end of this year, but it may take several years before it fully takes effect.

　　Be prepared for negotiations

　　According to the report, the European Parliament decided to add more security control measures to generative artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT to ensure that the research and development and application of artificial intelligence comply with relevant EU laws and regulations.

　　As the world’s first comprehensive legislation aimed at artificial intelligence through parliamentary procedures, the draft has formulated detailed rules in terms of security, privacy, transparency and non-discrimination. According to the website of the European Parliament, the European Parliament "is ready for negotiations to formulate the first artificial intelligence bill in history". According to the legislative agenda, the European Parliament will hold "tripartite" negotiations with the European Commission and member States on this draft authorization, and European legislators hope to reach a consensus on the final version of the bill before the end of this year.

　　In May this year, the Market Committee and the Civil Liberties Committee of the European Parliament passed the draft negotiating authorization for the proposal of the Artificial Intelligence Act put forward by the European Commission in April 2021. Previously, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union had made several rounds of revisions and discussions on the draft, and after the emergence of generative artificial intelligence applications such as ChatGPT, EU legislators urgently discussed the issues not covered in the original draft. The European Parliament stated that this proposal, if formally approved, will become the first regulation on artificial intelligence in the world.

　　The draft will apply to entities that put artificial intelligence systems on the market or put them into use in the EU (whether in the EU or in a third country), entities that use artificial intelligence systems in the EU and entities that use artificial intelligence systems in a third country, but the output of the systems is used in the EU or has an impact on people in the EU.

　　Risk classification supervision

　　A prominent feature of the draft authorization of the Artificial Intelligence Act is that it pays attention to formulating a supervision system based on risks, so as to balance the innovative development of artificial intelligence and safety norms. The draft divides the risk of artificial intelligence into four levels: unacceptable risk, high risk, limited risk and minimal risk, corresponding to different regulatory requirements. Among them, the use of high-risk artificial intelligence must be strictly regulated, and system providers and users must abide by the provisions of data management, record keeping, transparency and artificial supervision to ensure the stability, accuracy and safety of the system. For those who violate the regulations, the draft sets a fine of up to 30 million euros (1 euro is about 7.895 yuan) or 6% of the global annual turnover.

　　The draft strictly prohibits artificial intelligence systems that pose unacceptable risks to human security, including systems that deploy subconscious or purposeful manipulation techniques, exploit people’s weaknesses or use them for social scoring, and expands the classification of high-risk areas of artificial intelligence to take into account the harm to people’s health, safety, basic rights or the environment. The draft also requires artificial intelligence companies to maintain artificial control over their algorithms, provide technical documents, establish a risk management system for "high-risk" applications, and set up a special supervision system for generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT. Each EU member state will set up a supervisory body.

　　In addition, the regulatory sandbox (which means that enterprises are allowed to test innovative products, services and business models with real individual users and enterprise users in a real market environment by setting restrictive conditions and formulating risk management measures) mechanism is introduced to control risks and promote innovation, and the artificial intelligence system is developed, tested and verified to reduce risks before it enters the market or is put into use. The draft also proposes that this mechanism is also allowed to test innovative artificial intelligence under realistic conditions to encourage artificial intelligence enterprises to continue to innovate.

　　Face important challenges

　　The EU’s attempt to establish a unified legal supervision framework for artificial intelligence is an important symbolic example in the development of global artificial intelligence. The discussion and attempt of effective regulation on artificial intelligence in the EU will have a global impact, which may lead to more and more countries trying to follow up the exploration of relevant regulations.

　　Regarding the decision of the European Parliament, the German Social Democratic Party expressed its support: "The potential and risks of artificial intelligence should be concerned by the whole society." However, some opponents worry that excessive supervision may bring higher costs and excessive burdens to European artificial intelligence companies.

　　Companies that are in a leading position in the development of artificial intelligence are, to some extent, technology companies that have faced the risk of antitrust violations, violated existing laws and caused information leakage in the past decade. Based on this, Sam altman, CEO of OpenAI, said that he would lead his team to withdraw from the European market if the AI Act over-regulated AI.

　　Experts say that the EU’s promotion of artificial intelligence legislation is conducive to maintaining the EU’s leading position in the fields of digital sovereignty and science and technology, and through such a comprehensive legislation, it will seize the opportunity of global artificial intelligence supervision. But it has its own limitations. It adopts horizontal legislation, not aiming at specific artificial intelligence application fields, but trying to bring all artificial intelligence into the scope of supervision, and will face a lot of interpretation problems at the implementation level.

　　Some voices further pointed out that the EU has not reached a consensus on what impact artificial intelligence technology may bring to mankind. From a dialectical point of view, artificial intelligence can not only benefit and serve human beings, but also bring threats or injuries to human beings if it is not used properly. How to balance innovation and constraints is a very important challenge facing the EU legislature. In addition, the unified legal framework does not involve specific legal norms, and the actual implementation effect may be "greatly reduced".

　　The international community believes that at present, the development of artificial intelligence technology is still in the exploration period. At this time, the EU enacted the "Artificial Intelligence Act", which released a strong signal that the EU is strengthening its regulations in the digital field. How to better balance and link technological innovation and institutional innovation needs to be constantly revised in practice.

The following article comes from architecture magazine, the author architecture magazine.

Architectural magazine.

The only periodical publishing unit directly under the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is an important public opinion position of the housing and construction system. ■ Urban and Rural Construction magazine (bimonthly, founded in 1956, with the title inscribed by Comrade Deng Xiaoping) ■ Architecture magazine (bimonthly, founded in 1954, with the title inscribed by Marshal Zhu De) ■ Future Urban and Rural Research (internal magazine, published irregularly).

Famous historical buildings

Office building of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

(Former Construction Engineering Department)

Location: No.9 Sanlihe Road, Haidian District, Beijing

Completion time: 1954

Designer: Gong Deshun

Coverage: It covers an area of 10 hectares, with a building area of 37,740 square meters, and has a 7-story brick-concrete structure.

Honor: It was included in the 20th century architectural heritage project in China.

Architecture is the carrier of solidified music and culture, the embodiment and inheritance of urban context, and the nostalgia and memory of generations.

Architecture is a silent history and the most objective witness of the years.

Architecture is an important carrier of scientific and technological development achievements and the crystallization of design innovation, material innovation and construction technology.

These characteristics are all presented in the office building of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (referred to as "the office building of the Ministry of Construction").

The office building of the Ministry of Construction was built in 1954, and it has been put into use since 1955. It is an important landmark building in Sanlihe area, which has had a wide influence in China’s construction industry and is an objective witness to the development of the Republic’s construction industry.

The office building of the Ministry of Construction is large in scale, simple and majestic, with coordinated overall layout, proper simplicity, economical and reasonable internal layout, simple and generous external decoration. After decades of use test, it is still enduring and attractive, and has been well received by the architectural community. It is one of the best buildings in Beijing after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and a successful design masterpiece in modern architectural history.

gain distinction

On March 31st, 1981, People’s Daily published a news in the 8th edition. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, 37 buildings in China have been listed in the History of World Architecture published in Britain, including the office building of the Ministry of Construction.

In 1993, the office building of the Ministry of Construction won the "Excellent Architectural Creation Award of China Architectural Society (1953-1988)". In 2017, it was selected as "the first batch of China 20th century architectural heritage projects" (jointly organized by China Cultural Relics Association and China Architectural Society).

Famous architect Gong Deshun

The office building of the Ministry of Construction was designed by Gong Deshun, a master architect (once the director of the Design Bureau of the Ministry of Construction, and a senior architect (professor level) of the Architectural Design Institute of the former Ministry of Construction of China Construction Science and Technology Group, and was awarded the title of "Master of Architectural Design" by the Ministry of Construction in 1989). It was one of the first buildings built after the establishment of New China, and the office areas of various ministries in the State Council were located in the western suburbs (Yuetan area). At that time, the western suburbs were still large areas of farmland and there were no high-rise buildings. After the completion of the main building, it was very conspicuous in the empty western suburbs at that time. After the completion of the North-South Annex Building, a complete building complex was formed, and the main building was even more magnificent.

Comrade Liu Shaoqi inspected the office building of the Ministry of Construction.

In late spring and early summer of 1955, Comrade Liu Shaoqi inspected the office building of the Ministry of Construction. Designer Gong Deshun and his comrades answered some questions raised by Comrade Liu Shaoqi. For example, the office building has one floor underground and seven floors above ground. The designed floor height is 4.5 meters, the top floor height is 4.0 meters, the other floors are all 3.6 meters, and the five-story auditoriums at both ends are 7.2 meters high. The brick-concrete structure was adopted in the project. At that time, the seismic grade of the area south of Erligou was 6~7. Comrade Liu Shaoqi also inquired about the cost of the office building of the Ministry of Construction, which is 140 yuan/m2. Finally, Comrade Liu Shaoqi also asked Gong Deshun: "What do you personally think are the shortcomings of this design?" Gong Deshun replied: "The nearby people have given this building a nickname, called’ Nine Dragon Wall’, because it is really thin from the north-south direction of the building now, like a shadow wall, and it will not feel thin when the north-south annex building is built in the future. As for the shortcomings, mainly in the design of the five-story auditorium at the north and south ends of the building, for the treatment of the main facade and cornice, the height of two floors is occupied, about 7.2 meters, and the area of one floor is missing; It is a pity that a lot of money was spent on making fake beams during the decoration. These two auditoriums should be converted into two-story offices, so that the two ends of the building will be six floors. The seven-story office in the middle of the building should be properly raised and converted into an auditorium, which is ideal, not only increasing the construction area, but also reducing the cost per unit area of the building. "

Construction background

The design and construction period of the office building of the Ministry of Construction coincided with the first "Five-Year Plan" period (1953-1957), and the national economy entered a planned and rapid development period.

At that time, the architectural design unit learned the design experience focusing on industrial architectural design, and initiated by some influential experts, set off a creative activity of exploring "national forms" characterized by large roofs. In 1954, all kinds of waste in economic construction became increasingly obvious, and the government felt that it was urgent to oppose waste. Subsequently, a large-scale anti-waste action was launched in the construction industry. As an anti-waste measure, the state has proposed to control the construction investment index and reduce the cost of office buildings: 100~160 yuan/square meter for public buildings; The residential building is 30~40 yuan/m2. In this context, the office building of the Ministry of Construction did not adopt the big roof architecture form that was generally designed at that time, but was designed with a flat roof, and the cornice parapet did not use glazed tiles, but was made of water brush stone, which was more economical and applicable, and created the feasibility for adding stories and buildings later.

Basic technical indicators

The office building of the Ministry of Construction covers an area of 10 hectares, facing Sanlihe Street, with a building area of 37,740 square meters and a 7-story brick-concrete structure. Under the technical conditions at that time, building such a high building with brick-concrete structure reflects the innovation consciousness and construction level, and it is also challenging. In the plane and vertical traffic treatment, the route is reasonably shortened and the traffic area is compressed, and proper measures are also adopted for fire prevention and earthquake resistance. This building passed the test of Tangshan earthquake in 1976, and there was no safety problem, and it is still as strong as ever today.

The beam and slab of the load-bearing structure of the office building of the Ministry of Construction is designed according to 3.0m× 6.0m, but the elevation is treated according to 6.0m× 6.0m, in order to avoid the vertical lines of the elevation being too dense and the appearance being more light.

The original main building is 30 meters high and 90 meters wide. Later, the main building and the five-story annex building of the north and south wings built later were integrated into a whole, with a total width of 220 meters, which was basically a national form of axially symmetric buildings.

Planning and design characteristics

The office building of the Ministry of Construction retreats from the red line, forming a Little Square, which is even more magnificent when viewed from a distance. The architectural design fully embodies the "Chinese but new" style advocated by Mr. Liang Sicheng at that time, that is, a modern building with China characteristics. The architectural appearance is mainly flat roof modeling, and the overall modeling is simple and lively, which is both magnificent and economical. Between the south and north annex buildings and the main building, the scale is appropriate and the connection is smooth, and the overall effect of the building is more magnificent.

At that time, the design requirements had a certain height and boldness of vision. Considering the characteristics of the new China architecture, the designer absorbed the characteristic modeling elements of the traditional national architecture in China from the ancient stone que, such as adopting the eaves treatment method which was common in the Yuan Dynasty in China, and the facade was treated as a double cornice. The diameter of reinforced concrete overhangs, tiles and dripping water is 18 cm. No matter from which angle, the proportions of all aspects are very appropriate.

one

Agility and vitality

The office building of the Ministry of Construction has successfully used the traditional symmetrical layout of the central axis, with the solemn and magnificent 7-story main building as the central main building and the five-story buildings in the north and south as the wings, thus shaping a national office building with the traditional enclosed space form of China. In the design of architectural style, China’s traditional architectural forms and decorative arts are skillfully used to innovate.

The design of the entrance hall of the office building of the Ministry of Construction is also very clever. The entrance treatment is to highlight a porch in front of the building, and the entrance hall is located in the building. This design requires the height of the entrance hall to be increased, which will make it look spacious.

The passage connection not only has the transition space of the front hall, but also reflects the heaviness, solemnity and atmosphere through the beams and columns. The decoration of glazed tiles not only reflects the inheritance of traditional architecture in China, but also shows agility and vitality through carved stone. The passage and the doorway below expand the overall width and add a solemn atmosphere.

The window cover on the bottom floor is semicircular arch, showing a powerful and strong visual effect. The sill wall under the window of the standard floor is embedded with simple decorative patterns to enrich the aesthetic effect of the facade.

2

Beauty of symmetry

Generally speaking, the functional requirements of office buildings are relatively simple, and there are fewer restrictions on function and content when determining the body shape. Therefore, when determining the body shape, we should first consider whether the building height is in harmony with the surrounding environment and its influence on the city appearance. Building a single main building on an empty site, symmetrical style can better meet the requirements of public aesthetics, especially the shape of the building itself should pay attention to the effects from all angles to avoid "a thin sheet" shape. For example, before the building of the Ministry of Construction was connected to the north and south wings, the masses called it the "Nine Dragon Wall" and the "Great Wall of the People". After the construction of the north-south annex building, the situation has completely changed. It can be seen that symmetry is very important for a large office building.

According to Han Aixing, former deputy director of the Standard and Quota Department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the main building and annex building were built and rebuilt several times separately. For the first time, only six floors of the main building were built, and then four floors of the north-south annex building were built. Later, it was found that the main building was not high enough, and the seventh floor of the main building was added. After the addition of the main building, it was found that the annex building was not high enough, and finally the fifth floor of the north-south annex building was added. Finally, the current architectural complex pattern of the main building and the annex building was formed.

three

See the foundation for details.

In architectural design, the architect fully considered the traditional elements of China architecture, combined with local residential styles, stone buildings, decorative patterns, etc., and finally presented both the historical and cultural heritage of China architecture and the diversity, reflecting the characteristics of national architecture. For example, creatively drawing lessons from the overhanging practice of ancient stone chambers more than 1,000 years ago, the double eaves are decorated with glazed hooks and dripping water, and the traditional patterns such as moving beam heads, sparrows and colored paintings are skillfully used to express architectural details, especially the overhanging eaves, tiles, porches, stone pillars and stone steps. The cornice is picked out by reinforced concrete rafters with reference to the cornice-overhanging technology of traditional buildings in China. Due to repeated full-scale model tests in design, the cornice proportion and size are very appropriate. The exterior wall is made of water brush stone, which is durable.

Another detail of the office building of the Ministry of Construction is very reasonable, that is, the main staircase in the office building is set in an obvious position facing the gate. Because the general working hours are concentrated, there are many contacts between the upper and lower floors during office hours, and spacious stairs are particularly suitable. At the same time, in addition to the main staircase, another set of stairs is set on the north and south sides respectively, which is beneficial to solve the problem of crowded people going upstairs and downstairs during peak hours.

four

Exquisite and elegant demeanor

The architectural details are decorated with simplified China traditional architectural components and patterns, which reflects the traditional architectural style of China. The decorative patterns distributed in various positions of the building are ingenious and exquisite everywhere, which makes the whole building add delicate artistic beauty to its majesty.

five

remain unshakable and become even firmer as time goes by

According to Gong Deshun’s recollection, the detailed treatment of this building was inspired by the traditional stone buildings in China. The cornice overhang and the size and spacing of the rafters were made of plywood, which were put in place and checked repeatedly at the construction site before they were finally determined.

Gong Deshun raised the parapet on the roof of the five-story conference room on both sides and connected the eaves on the sixth floor to a horizontal plane. The eaves on the sixth and seventh floors and the main entrance and exit porches were designed as small slopes with rafters under the eaves picked out one by one. The architectural details were handled perfectly and played a good aesthetic effect on the facade. The whole building is simple and proper, solemn and generous, simple and magnificent. After decades of tests, it is still a classic building with unique style and is deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.

Mr. Xu Ronglie, the former chief engineer of the Ministry of Construction, once recalled: "The majestic, solemn, elegant, generous and China-rich architectural charm emanating from the artistic style of the office building of the Ministry of Construction has greatly attracted many experts, scholars and people in the industry at home and abroad, especially us young people. After more than half a century of ups and downs, this building is still one of the proud leaders among many high-rise buildings in Beijing. "

six

Green energy saving

Compared with the classic appearance, the interior space of the building is also remarkable. Whether it is corridor or indoor office space, it shows spacious and bright atmosphere. In order to save energy, the designed wall is thick and the ratio of window to wall is moderate, which can not only meet the lighting requirements, but also achieve the thermal insulation effect, and has the comfort of warm in winter and cool in summer.

At that time, the original appearance of the wooden window was designed, and the two-story window had good thermal insulation effect. According to the memories of the leaders who used to work here, the original windows also have external shading, roller blinds and shading pages made of pine.

After 2000, a maintenance and decoration was carried out, the building was strengthened and the windows were replaced.

seven

Architectural model

The Beijing Declaration issued at the 20th International Association of Construction (Beijing) Conference held in 1999 pointed out that the development direction of world architecture in the 21st century will be "the localization of modern architecture and the modernization of regional architecture", and the idea of creating "Chinese but new" local modern architecture has risen again, that is, China’s modern architecture is localized, not imported. From this point of view, looking at the office building of the Ministry of Construction today, although it has experienced nearly 70 years of wind and rain, it still stands tall, full of traditional architectural cultural elements, and embodies the modern, cutting-edge and fashion trends, and is still an important representative building to carry forward China’s traditional architectural culture.

Feng Jicai, a famous writer, once said, "Historical buildings retain a historical space. Because this space still exists, history becomes beyond doubt. In the meantime, history seems to be suddenly enlarged by flesh and blood. The past life forms seem to be called back at any time. Those empty narratives in the history books are all magically and richly resurrected here, and even the spirit of the past can be truly touched. "

Every autumn, the two ginkgo trees in front of the office building will bring gorgeous colors, attracting office workers and residents in nearby communities to enjoy the scenery and take pictures, which reflects the vitality and vitality of the solemn and elegant office building.

tag

The rain and the hurricane are one child, making contributions to the Sanli River.

The office building of the Ministry of Construction is the representative and epitome of Beijing’s modern administrative office building. After nearly 70 years of wind and rain, it is still majestic, solemn, elegant, generous and simple, with the charm of China traditional architecture, and is hailed as a milestone of China’s architectural modernization.

Compared with ancient buildings with a heavy history, the office building of the Ministry of Construction is closer to our work and life, which embodies the life memories of several generations of builders. The people who have worked in this building from generation to generation, although they have experienced rapid modernization changes, feel extremely cordial and familiar whenever they see it. At the same time, it is an indispensable part of a city’s historical memory, reflecting the history and inheritance of Beijing’s capital.

references

Gong Deshun, Architect

Xiao Tong’s 50 Years in the Construction Industry

Li Xiankui’s Living Protection of Architectural Cultural Heritage

For the original text, see the 20th issue of Urban and Rural Construction.

Special thanks to China Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. for providing many precious historical photos!

Original title: "Red Buildings Remember Classics | Office Building of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development"

Read the original text

　　The Spring Festival is the most important festival in Chinese. One of the most important contents of the Spring Festival is the New Year’s Eve dinner.

　　Dinner on New Year’s Eve is called New Year’s Eve.

　　New Year’s Eve is very important, and many places call it "family fun", which is an important family banquet. Amid the cheerful firecrackers and the laughter and laughter of the Spring Festival Gala broadcast by CCTV, it is the warmest and happiest moment in the world for the whole family to sit together, share wine and delicacies, and bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year together. Especially for the elderly, the reunion of their families has comforted and satisfied them spiritually. Looking at healthy children and lively and lovely children and grandchildren, the smile of the elderly is more stretched and warm than ever.

　　It can be said that the New Year’s Eve dinner is the most delicious, sweet and sometimes the most expensive dish in a year. More than 30 years ago, people were looking forward to the Chinese New Year. In a way, they were looking forward to this "big meal". Children, in particular, entered the "twelfth lunar month" gate and counted them with their fingers. I remember when I was a child, most of the neighbors in the courtyard were living in poverty, and there were few opportunities to eat meat and fish at ordinary times, not to mention those famous cooking and fancy pasta. When friends get together and talk about eating good food, they are all looking forward to the New Year, especially the New Year’s Eve. The dishes of New Year’s Eve are the most in a year, both vegetarian and cold and hot. Generally, there are at least 8 dishes and more than a dozen. Only then will the adults let the children eat.

　　In fact, the so-called good things that were eaten at the New Year’s Eve dinner in those days are as common as ever at today’s dinner table, and can be eaten every day. But not then. Because of the lack of materials, most of them are supplied by ticket. Even if you have some money, you can’t buy what you want. Pork, fish, peanut oil, preserved eggs, beer, sugar, tea, etc. are all rationed according to the population or family, and supplied by ticket. National Day, New Year’s Day and Spring Festival sometimes increase the supply items and quantity, for example, each person can supply half a catty of pork, and each household can buy two jins of candy and several boxes of Daqianmen cigarettes. Many families will "diet" and "cut down on meat" during the period near the Chinese New Year. I haven’t seen meat stars in the dishes for more than ten days, so I should eat as little white flour as possible and keep steamed buns. Pork tickets are saved and bought at one time on the eve of Chinese New Year. In this way, in addition to keeping the bag for jiaozi, you can also stir-fry rice flour meat and even stew braised pork. Once such a "reduced" stomach is released, it is followed by a sharp increase in gastrointestinal diseases. Every year on the 30th, the hospital is very busy. The patient has nothing else, most of which are the problems that come out. In the final analysis, it is the word "poor" that caused the disaster.

　　More importantly, the New Year’s Eve is an auspicious day for family reunion. On New Year’s Eve, no matter how far apart and how busy the work is, people always want to go back to their homes, have a reunion dinner and meet their loved ones who miss them so much. Spring Festival travel rush is the largest and most spectacular "migration" to go home in the world, and those "migration troops" who have worked tirelessly and traveled long distances in anxious to return all expect to arrive before the New Year’s Eve. The New Year’s Eve dinner has become a signal and beacon to call people home, which goes far beyond the meaning of a meal. In some families, you will see such a scene: there is a seat and a pair of chopsticks in front of the dining table, but no one is there. This means that the relatives of this family did not arrive in time for various reasons, or could not go home to reunite with their relatives, but the family could not forget him. Put tables, chairs, bowls and chopsticks, and take the right to be a relative among them. Therefore, many dishes on the New Year’s Eve are also born from this. "Reunion", "family happiness" and "good luck at the head" all contain the wish to pray for family safety and happiness.

　　Many people are very particular about the New Year’s Eve dinner, and they have everything to say about whether they eat or not. Even in the era of food shortage, people showed their magical powers and tried their best to get symbolic food for good luck. Of course, every nation has its own customs and habits, and there are great differences between the north and the south. For example, southerners like to eat rice dumplings, rice cakes, glutinous rice balls, and some eat raw garlic and preserved eggs. Among them, the meaning of rice cake is the most obvious: "sticky (sticky) high (cake) every year", which is auspicious and wishful, and is interpreted as the meaning of rising year by year. The traditional food of northerners is mainly pasta, and jiaozi is the most common Chinese New Year food, which is also a traditional habit with a long history. Some say that it appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, some say that it was officially listed as a must-eat thing for the New Year from the Han Dynasty, and some say it was the Tang Dynasty. In many places, on New Year’s Eve, when the bell rings at twelve o’clock, they begin to eat jiaozi. Therefore, it is the time of the year, which means "making friends at a younger age", and because the white-flour jiaozi is shaped like a silver ingot, and a pot of pots on the table symbolizes "making a fortune in the New Year, and the ingot rolls in", so many people will go to the bank in advance to change some brand-new coins, or sterilize the old coins with boiling water and pack them into jiaozi with stuffing. This has great appeal to children. On New Year’s Eve, no matter how sleepy or tired I am, I just wait to eat jiaozi and eat coins, and I am happy. Then there is fish, which is also indispensable for the New Year’s Eve, and you can’t eat it all. You have to leave a little, which means "more than one year."

　　With the improvement of living standards, people’s attitude towards New Year’s Eve has become more and more persistent, more and more loving and, of course, more rational. Those who go out to work, work outside the home, and relatives who are temporarily separated from their families for various reasons, whether they have made a fortune or are down and out of luck, are heading for home near the end of the year, all looking forward to catching up with this extraordinary dinner. However, few people bother about the New Year’s Eve. Because people don’t care what they eat or drink, and they don’t look forward to the delicious food that they can enjoy on the New Year’s Eve as before. The New Year’s Eve dinner has gone far beyond the simple appetite temptation. People are more concerned about and attached to the feelings between their loved ones and the warmth of home brought by the New Year’s Eve dinner. These are the most abundant New Year’s Eve dinners!

　　People’s Daily (January 29, 2014, 24th edition)

Notice of the State Press and Publication Administration on Carrying out the Verification of Newspapers in 2023

Guoxin Departure Letter [2024] No.2

The press and publication bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the ministries and commissions of the central and state organs, the newspaper departments of people’s organizations, and the Propaganda Bureau of the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission:

According to the "Regulations on the Administration of Newspaper Publishing", "Measures for the Annual Verification of Newspapers and Periodicals" and other relevant regulations, the notice on doing a good job in the verification of newspapers in 2023 is as follows.

I. Verification Time

20 February to 31 March 2024

Second, the key points of verification

(1) Key verification contents

1. Content orientation and quality. Whether newspaper publishing units always take studying, propagating and implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era as their primary task, thoroughly study, propagate and implement the Supreme Leader’s cultural thought, resolutely defend the "two establishments", strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two maintenances", persistently use the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era to forge a soul, and continue to push the party’s innovative theory armed forces to go deep and practical; Whether it is clear-cut to adhere to the correct political direction, public opinion orientation and value orientation, adhere to unity, stability, encouragement and positive publicity, sing the main theme, carry forward positive energy, and consolidate and expand the mainstream ideological public opinion in the new era of endeavor; Whether to put social benefits in the first place and realize the unity of social benefits and economic benefits; Whether to publish bad and harmful information content such as laws and regulations prohibiting publication, guiding problems, vulgarity and kitsch, and endangering social morality; Whether to compile and publish overseas news information products without authorization; Whether there are quality problems such as the quality of editing and proofreading, the quality of publishing form is unqualified, and the quality of publishing can not meet the prescribed standards for a long time.

2. Publishing qualification and ability. Whether the newspaper organizer strictly implements the ideological work responsibility system and fully performs the responsibility of "managing people, managing affairs and managing assets"; Whether there are non-public capital components in the capital structure of newspaper publishing units and competent organizers; Whether the newspaper publishing unit has a sound guidance and quality management rules and regulations, whether it strictly implements the editing management system such as separation of editing and management, "three audits and three schools", whether it can carry out publishing activities normally, and whether there is a situation that its business has deteriorated and it is insolvent; Whether the main person in charge of the newspaper publishing unit meets the relevant regulations and holds a valid post training certificate.

3. Compliance with the law. Whether the newspaper publishing unit changes the licensing matters such as the competent organizer and business scope without authorization, whether it establishes local institutions without authorization, whether it delivers the sample newspaper in time according to the regulations, whether it has not been put on record or closed for more than 180 days, whether it has published illegal advertisements and been notified and punished by the relevant departments, and whether there are illegal and illegal problems such as selling, renting, transferring the serial number, layout and publishing license; Whether the employees have any illegal issues such as publishing job information without authorization, illegally setting up new media accounts such as Weibo WeChat, illegally applying for a journalist’s card, news extortion and false news.

4. Media construction and management. Whether newspaper publishing units resolutely implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and further promote the construction of all-media communication system, whether to establish and improve an integrated system and mechanism that adapts to the production and communication of media, and whether to achieve unified online and offline guidance and management requirements for newspapers and new media; Whether there are irregularities in the operation and management of the new media and other serious violations of laws and regulations.

(2) Key verification units

1 newspaper publishing units whose newspaper names and business scope have changed in the last two years.

2 newspaper publishing units that have stopped publishing, stopped publishing, failed to publish normally for a long time, and have no publishing conditions.

3. Newspaper publishing units that have problems in violation of laws and regulations, are suspected of violating laws and regulations, or the masses report that there are content-oriented errors, news extortion, false news and other problems.

4 newspaper publishing units with low publishing quality and prominent editing and proofreading errors in recent years.

Third, organize the implementation

The press and publication bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps are responsible for the annual verification of local newspapers, and the Propaganda Bureau of the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission is responsible for the annual verification of military newspapers.

Newspapers published in Beijing by ministries and commissions of the central and state organs and people’s organizations are verified by the Beijing Municipal Press and Publication Bureau. The central and state organs, ministries and commissions, people’s organizations and newspaper departments should actively cooperate with the provincial press and publication management departments to do the annual verification work.

The State Press and Publication Administration is responsible for the unified organization, deployment, supervision and guidance of the annual verification of national newspapers.

Iv. verification procedures

(1) Unit self-inspection. The newspaper publishing units shall carefully conduct self-examination and self-correction according to the requirements of this notice, write an annual self-inspection report, log in to the "2023 Annual Newspaper Verification System" on China reporter website, fill in and print the "2023 Annual Newspaper Verification Form".

(two) report to the competent organizer for inspection. Each newspaper publishing unit will submit the annual self-inspection report and the paper materials of the 2023 Annual Newspaper Verification Form to the organizer and the competent unit, and the competent organizer will conduct inspection, issue audit opinions and affix the official seal on the 2023 Annual Newspaper Verification Form.

(three) reported to the provincial press and publication management department for verification. Each newspaper publishing unit will submit the 2023 Annual Newspaper Verification Form stamped with the official seal of the competent organizer, together with the annual self-inspection report, newspaper sample report and other verification materials, to the provincial press and publication management department. Provincial press and publication management departments shall carefully verify paper materials according to laws and regulations, log in to the "2023 Annual Newspaper Verification System" to review the information provided by newspaper publishing units and approve the verification opinions. For key verification units, the verification opinions should be approved on the basis of investigation, conversation and on-the-spot inspection.

(4) Submitting it to the State Press and Publication Administration. The provincial press and publication management departments shall summarize and submit the 2023 annual newspaper verification report and the 2023 annual newspaper verification results catalogue of local newspapers through the "2023 annual newspaper verification system". The annual verification report should include the annual verification measures and results, the basic situation of newspaper publishing and achievements, compliance and discipline, the effectiveness of integration and development, as well as existing problems, difficulties and suggestions. The annual verification report in 2023 and the catalogue of newspaper verification results must be submitted in another paper document.

The State Press and Publication Administration will supervise and inspect the work in key areas, conduct targeted spot checks on key verification units this year, and inform the provincial press and publication management departments of the annual verification work as appropriate.

V. Verification requirements

(a) focus on strengthening the organization and implementation. All relevant management departments should strengthen responsibility, strengthen organization and leadership, act quickly and make careful arrangements. Combined with the actual situation of the local department, we carefully formulated specific work plans, innovated management methods, adjusted and optimized verification measures, strengthened supervision and inspection and spot checks, and ensured that the annual verification work was completed with high standards and high quality. All newspaper publishing units should implement the main responsibility, refine measures according to the annual verification requirements, and arrange special classes to implement them, so as to ensure the efficient completion of the annual verification materials filling and submission within the prescribed time limit.

(2) Adhere to strict examination and control. All relevant administrative departments should adhere to the word "strictness", strictly verify procedures, strictly regulate standards, severely punish accountability, and strictly block management loopholes. It is necessary to highlight key verification, establish key supervision files in combination with the actual daily supervision work such as newspaper review, quality inspection, social benefit evaluation and case investigation, and conduct comprehensive inspection and strict verification one by one according to the requirements of verification work. It is necessary to strictly examine and verify the verification conclusion in accordance with the Measures for Annual Verification of Newspapers and Periodicals. Those who suspend the verification, fail to pass the verification and do not participate in the verification should explain the reasons and the treatment measures to be taken.

(three) to ensure the quality of verification data. All relevant management departments should tighten the compaction responsibility chain, strengthen the verification data audit and check, and focus on the important verification data by comparing it with previous verification data and daily management data to ensure that the verification data is complete, true, standardized and accurate. If the verification data reported by the newspaper publishing unit is incomplete, untrue and irregular, it shall be returned, and if it still does not meet the requirements after re-reporting, the verification shall be suspended. Newspaper publishing units should strengthen the awareness of verifying data quality, carefully collect and standardize the filling, do not resort to deceit or perfunctory things, and lay a solid foundation for the quality of source data.

(4) Do a good job in follow-up work. It is necessary to do a good job in the follow-up work of annual verification in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Administration of Newspaper Publishing and the Notice on Standardizing the Procedures for Cancellation of Newspapers. For newspapers that fail to participate in the annual verification as required, fail to participate in the annual verification after being urged, and fail to pass the annual verification, the local provincial press and publication administration department shall apply to the State Press and Publication Administration for revoking its newspaper publishing license. For newspapers that are closed, closed, unable to be published normally for a long time, and no longer have publishing conditions, practical measures should be taken to promote their deadline for transfer or closure. On the initiative of the organizer in charge of the newspaper, it should be submitted to the State Press and Publication Administration in a timely manner for filing and cancellation of registration.

State Press and Publication Administration

January 11, 2024

(Contact: Wang Qi, Tel: 010-83138397, Address: No.40, Xuanwumenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing)