There is a special Ming and Qing furniture museum in Shanghai Museum, a considerable part of which is Shanxi furniture.

At the home of a grave robber in shilou county, the reporter saw the funerary objects in the tomb for sale.

　　On December 6th, Qiu Xiaojun, a cultural relic scientist, a member of the National Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee and a famous treasure master, came to Shanxi. After a tour, he said helplessly, "As the hometown of ancient furniture in China, Shanxi can’t find a complete piece of Ming and Qing furniture in its own provincial museum." Before in the United States, he had seen a lot of Shanxi Ming and Qing furniture in a small auction, and there were dozens of such auctions every year. What kind of chain is behind these outflow of Shanxi cultural relics? This year is the third cultural relics survey since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and it is also the largest cultural relics survey. Recently, reporters went to many places to investigate the outflow of cultural relics in Shanxi.

　　Trading "Ghost Goods" in Antique Market

　　Taiyuan suffered a cold snap in early December, but the Nangong Antique Market, which is located next to Taiyuan Workers’ Cultural Palace, seems to have not been affected. At 7 o’clock in the morning on a weekend, there was already a lot of people here. "Is there a pot?" In a corner of the southwest corner of the market, a middle-aged man who stopped to watch for a long time asked in a low voice.

　　The vendor wrapped in sleeves looked up at the middle-aged man and made no noise.

　　Middle-aged people some worry, and whispered a sentence, "’ghost goods’? Pang Fat asked me to come to you and say that you have bronzes. " The vendor’s eyes narrowed, and he looked down at the middle-aged man for a while. He pulled the middle-aged man through the stall and reached the big leather box at his feet. He opened a crack in the trunk and took out an "artifact". When the packages of newspapers and tissues were unfolded, the middle-aged man was shocked. This was a pot-shaped bronze ware. Although the design of the pot body was mottled, he could still quickly judge that it was a bronze ware of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

　　After ten minutes of bargaining, the middle-aged man quickly took out a pile of money from his pocket, stuffed it in the hands of the vendor, wrapped the bronzes he bought in tissue paper and disappeared into the market in a hurry.

　　At first glance, most of the "Nangong Antique Market" are low-value antiques or rough imitations. But why does it attract collectors from all over the country? Kelvin wong (a pseudonym), a middle-aged man who bought the "ghost goods" mentioned above, told reporters that in fact, real collectors don’t look at the stalls, but those are "amateurs". They are interested in "antiques". There are two sources of "antique goods": one is the ancestral things bought by these vendors from the countryside, and the other is "ghost goods".

　　"’ghost goods’, in short, is the cultural relics obtained from grave robbery. These things are generally not shown to people without acquaintances, but they are all good things. " Kelvin wong, who bought the bronze pot, was very excited. He revealed to reporters that when he got it in Beijing, the price of this object could be at least 5-10 times.

　　Kelvin wong, a 43-year-old Beijinger, was originally a lecturer at a university in Beijing, but later resigned to engage in antique business. He has been in several antique markets in Beijing for more than 10 years. Shanxi, he has been here countless times. The reporter found from the license plates of cars parked at the entrance of Nangong Market that there are quite a few visitors from Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong and even Northeast China. According to industry insiders, many collectors come here and aim at the "ghost goods" mentioned above.

　　He made his fortune by buying and selling antiques

　　Pang Fat is a reference of kelvin wong. Introduced by kelvin wong, the reporter met this mysterious figure in a luxury residential area on Binhe East Road in Taiyuan. "Pang Fatty" is not surnamed Pang, because he is called "Pang Er" because of his overweight figure, which was misrepresented as "Pang Fatty" now. He was originally a farmer in Yidie Town, shilou county, and made a fortune after buying and selling antiques in the middle and late 1990s. "Haha, the reporter is here, welcome, I am not afraid of your exposure, I am now a legitimate business." The fat man burst into laughter. "I’m different from those who set up stalls!" " Pang fatty emphasized his "special".

　　What he said is not unreasonable. Now he has real estate in Beijing, Tianjin, Taiyuan and other places. He has been running in Hong Kong or abroad all the year round, and he has already left his stall career. "I am mainly receiving goods now, and the buyers are ready-made. As long as there is goods, I can make money immediately. I could have taken back the goods (referring to the bronze ware that kelvin wong bought in Nangong market) and given it back to him, but kelvin wong was a friend, so he didn’t want to make any money from him, so he had to take it himself. " "Those goods are in the tomb? Will it be a fake? " The reporter has some doubts.

　　"Fake, how can I be mistaken?" Pang Fat was annoyed, but soon he resumed his trademark laugh. "Ha, ha, ha, I’m not a cultural relic expert, but I know more about it than a cultural relic expert."

　　By "meticulous", Pang Fat refers not only to the characteristics of this ancient cultural relic, but also to the fact that he knows exactly where it was dug, which tomb it was dug in, and what else is in the tomb. "This thing was dug in our place (Shilou)," he said bluntly.

　　It makes sense for him to be so confident. Shilou county, now one of the three sites where cultural relics of Yin and Shang Dynasties were unearthed in China, has unearthed a large number of bronzes, and the treasure of the town hall of Shanxi Provincial Museum, the Dragon-shaped Wan, was unearthed here, and Pang Fatty’s home was also here. Today, it is one of the areas with the most serious loss of bronzes in our province.

　　A week later, Pangfatzi went back to Shilou to see "things", and he invited reporters to go with him. "You want to know for yourself, but don’t tell others that you are a reporter."

　　Peasant-style kang collects bronzes

　　After winter, shilou county is particularly deserted.

　　Pang fatty stayed with friends in a village. That night, a group of people came to the house.

　　Judging from their costumes, most of them are local farmers, with shabby clothes and gaunt faces. Everyone is holding a woven bag and putting things on the ground one by one in the dim light of the room.

　　All bronzes! The reporter carefully looked at it. There were swords, pots, cups, ding, chimes, all kinds of instruments, and some of them were still carrying the earth that had not been erased.

　　Pang fatty seriously picked it up. "This one has lost an ear, and it’s of little value … This one is not bad, is there anything else …" The room was filled with the smell of dust. After more than an hour of "appraisal", Pang Fatty picked six bronzes and negotiated the price. The chosen person seemed very happy, and he was close to the fat man, but the person who was not chosen left bitterly. After people were exhausted, Pang Fat said to reporters, "You see, this is what we have here. Many people make a fortune from this!" "Then where did these things come from?" The reporter asked. "Where did it come from? It was given by my ancestors!" Pang fatty laughed. "I’ll take you to see it tomorrow."

　　In the early morning of winter, the village is very quiet. Pang Fat woke up the reporter to go out and walked through a mountain road. Next to a mound on the hillside, the reporter saw a hole.

　　The hole about 1 square meter, looking in, is dark and can’t see anything. "Those things you saw last night came from these places. This is the tomb entrance. Look over there, there is another one."

　　The reporter walked around the hillside and found nearly ten such tombs. "shilou county has always had the story of digging a grave, since when, I couldn’t say for sure. However, since the 1990 s, there have been more people digging graves, first from Henan, and later from Linfen and Houma. " It was from then on that Pang Fatty came into contact with bronzes. He first met a native of Henan, and worked as a guide for that person, making money in 10 yuan one day. Later, he became a "royal guide" for these foreign grave robbers, helping them find graves, contacting vehicles, coordinating relations and so on. A year later, after many grave robberies, Pang Fatso also learned to start digging. He found several friends of the same age and used his own experience and learned grave robbery techniques to dig up many "treasures". "At that time, things were cheap, and a bronze ware with a good appearance was sold in dozens and hundreds. As soon as there were new goods, someone came to collect them, and they were everywhere. No one understands those pottery things, and they will be smashed when they are dug out, that is, they want copper guys. " In less than a year, Pang Fat became a local "ten thousand yuan household". "There are basically no good things now. Most of the tombs here have been stolen, and the rest are all broken." Pang fatty said that many grave robbers he knew had no work to do and began to steal things from the temple or sell stone carvings. "In fact, it is very simple to dig a tomb. Generally, there must be a Feng Shui gentleman. Before people were buried, they all talked about Feng Shui. With Mr. Feng Shui, it is easy to find the pyramid-shaped mound and location; With another guide, you need someone who is familiar with the village to dig in, and what you encounter is easy to solve.Next, several grave diggers divide their work. The tools are very simple-shovels, flashlights, small shovels (Luoyang shovels), and occasionally explosives are used. Generally, from the beginning to the excavation, it takes at most one week. "

　　Cultural relics are so quietly lost.

　　After the promulgation and implementation of the newly revised Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics in 2002, the government intensified its crackdown on illegal and criminal activities such as grave robbery and smuggling of cultural relics. It was at that time that Pang Fatty began to "transform".

　　He told reporters that his "transformation" was not because he was afraid of being caught, but because of an experience in Guangzhou.

　　In 2000, Pangfatzi went to Guangzhou with a batch of "goods" from the same cultural relic vendor, and he learned a new "market": there are many second-hand dealers of cultural relics in Guangzhou and Shenzhen. They took back bronzes from people like Pangfatzi and sold them to Hong Kong in reverse, earning dozens of times as much money as he dug graves.

　　"It’s less risky and more profitable". Pang Fatso began to learn how to "transform": "Smuggling cultural relics is illegal, but it is difficult to obtain evidence. If you want to be convicted, you must first know which tomb this cultural relic was dug up from, and it will be recorded after being stolen. After verification, it can be regarded as stealing and selling cultural relics. But there are so many cultural relics in the tombs, and no one has reported it. No one knows which tomb it is, and there is no way to convict without a master." At that time, Pang Fatty had his own set of "logic".

　　He gradually adapted to the change from grave robbers to cultural relics dealers. At that time, his main destination was Hong Kong. Hongkong is the largest distribution center of China antiques in Asia and the third largest cultural relics trading place in the world. Here, in addition to the China cultural relics auction held regularly by international old auction companies Sotheby’s and Christie’s every year, antique dealers from all over the world including China are gathered. They run hundreds of auction companies, antique shops and cultural relics companies, all of which are China cultural relics. Among these cultural relics in China, the largest proportion is unearthed cultural relics. More importantly, in Hong Kong, the sale of cultural relics is open and legal.

　　Pang Pangzi told reporters about the way to take the cultural relics from the tomb out of the country: at that time, there were many trucks traveling to and from the mainland and Hong Kong, so you could get a mezzanine on the truck and bring out a large number at a time; Or find that kind of handicraft dealer to mix cultural relics with other bronze handicrafts and take them out; The simplest one is the "people’s movement", which is aimed at ordinary residents, vegetable farmers and vendors who travel to and from the mainland and Hong Kong every day. They put small items directly in their bags and go through customs directly. Generally, no one will check them.

　　And he described a "more unique" trick: he would go to Hong Kong to buy what he sold. The reason is that it is legal to buy and sell cultural relics in Hong Kong. Once these smuggled cultural relics are bought in Hong Kong, the invoices are issued and stamped with "Customs Seal" when they are declared to the customs, they can be transformed into legal private property, and stolen cultural relics can be legally auctioned at domestic auctions with high profits.

　　Qiu Xiaojun, a China cultural relic connoisseur who opened an antique shop in Hong Kong, told reporters: This is not the final ownership of these bronzes. A large number of European and American buyers will come to Hong Kong to "choose goods", and then the price will be multiplied several times. Hong Kong has become a distribution center and transit point for cultural relics smuggling. Cultural relics from the mainland arrived in Hong Kong, and then dispersed to the United States, Japan, Southeast Asia and Taiwan, China. At present, there are a large number of bronzes from the mainland in hollywood road in Central Hong Kong and Moro Street in Sheung Wan. There are many categories and types, and quite a few of them come from Shanxi.

　　There is Shanxi Pavilion in foreign museums.

　　The experience like bronzes is not an isolated case in Shanxi cultural relics circle. The experience of Shanxi Ming and Qing furniture is very similar to that of bronzes.

　　Niu Runsheng, deputy secretary-general of Shanxi Collectors Association, told a story about the loss of Ming and Qing furniture in Shanxi in an interview: in the late 1980s, Ming and Qing furniture was sought after in Europe and America. At that time, Shanxi local people from the relevant departments, Ming and Qing furniture has not been listed as protected cultural relics, only that it is practical, at best, handicrafts. At this time, some collectors from Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei flocked. On weekends, the villages in Jinzhong, Shanxi Province are full of foreigners who collect Ming and Qing furniture. "Shanxi has the most Ming and Qing furniture in the country and the best appearance, especially in the Ming Dynasty. I also knew that furniture was a treasure at that time, but at that time, our folk collection power was too small. There was a bed. At that time, 90,000 yuan could be won, but most people couldn’t take it out with this 90,000 yuan. In May of this year, I saw an auction in Britain, which was the bed, and the final price was nearly 3.8 million yuan. " Niu Runsheng said that at that time, no one paid attention to it and no one studied it. Many good furniture was directly shipped overseas as wood on the Tianjin coast.

　　Qiu Xiaojun has been to many museums in the United States. "Many things are more complete than the Shanxi Provincial Museum or the National Museum of China. For example, there is a Shanxi Museum in the Metropolitan Museum of the United States, which has many cultural relics and even a complete Ming and Qing furniture. At first glance, the styles are from Shanxi … Buddha statues, murals, and many cultural and historical certificates of Shanxi also appear in foreign museums."

　　In recent years, with the warming of the domestic collection market, some of Shanxi’s cultural relics have shifted from abroad to China. "Ming and Qing furniture is the most obvious. Five years ago, as long as there is first-hand information, it must be to inform buyers in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei first, because Ma Weidou, a teacher who talked about furniture in Lecture Room, has been to Shanxi many times in that year, and I have also received it. We couldn’t keep it ourselves, so people bought it. " Niu Runsheng said helplessly. In sanxiang town, Zhuhai, it used to be the distribution center of ancient furniture in China. They repackaged the ancient furniture they bought from all over the country and then resold it. Among them, Shanxi furniture accounted for a large proportion.

　　"In recent years, the ancient furniture has not been collected and sold out." In Pingyao, the hometown of Shanxi merchants, a staff member of a cultural relics protection unit told reporters that many of the famous houses in Jinzhong are imitations of southern Ming and Qing furniture.

　　Cultural relics protection needs the concerted efforts of all parties.

　　In shilou county, Luliang City, where more bronzes have been unearthed, cultural relics protection funds are poor. The person in charge of the county cultural relics department told reporters that the specific gap in protection funds will not be determined until the third cultural relics survey is completed at the end of 2011. Now, their budget is only 20 thousand yuan a year. "Compared with the crazy robbery stimulated by huge profits, this money is not worth mentioning, but we are a poor county and really have no money!" The person in charge is very upset. The reporter learned that the local public security department wants to develop "informers" and have prizes to report in order to crack down on grave robbery, but the result of a few bonuses is that few people report cases.

　　Niu Runsheng said that although Shanxi has a large number of collectors and numerous categories, most of them are not refined and belong to miscellaneous categories. The value of cultural relics is not high, the grade of collections is not high, and there are many antique operators, but they lack industry leaders and their cognitive level is limited. He hopes that the rich people in Shanxi, who have recently risen in the collectible market, can pay more attention to the cultural relics with the regional culture of the province and contribute to the protection of cultural relics in Shanxi.

　　Qiu Xiaojun has visited the cultural relics protection in many countries around the world. He thinks that Shanxi might as well learn from some foreign cultural relics protection experiences. Since the country has no ability to ensure that cultural relics are not lost, it will leave some space for private museums and corporate culture museums. In Japan, some large enterprises can collect and exhibit artworks as long-term investments and promote corporate culture. (Liu Bin)

Editor: Li Xingcun

Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on printing and distributing the Measures for the Administration of Employment Subsidy Funds

All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, the finance department (bureau), the human resources and social security department (bureau), the Finance Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau:

In order to promote the implementation of the employment priority strategy, implement various employment and entrepreneurship support policies, standardize the management of employment subsidy funds, and improve the efficiency of the use of funds, we revised the Measures for the Administration of Employment Subsidies (Caishe [2017] No.164). It is hereby issued, please follow it.

Annex: Measures for the Administration of Employment Subsidy Funds

Ministry of Finance Human Resources and Social Security Department
December 20, 2023

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Measures for the administration of employment subsidy funds

Chapter I General Principles

Article 1 In order to promote the implementation of the employment priority strategy, implement various employment and entrepreneurship support policies, standardize the management of employment subsidy funds, and improve the efficiency in the use of funds, according to the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Employment Promotion Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations on the Implementation of the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the Full Implementation of Budget Performance Management, and the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Reform Plan for the Division of Central and Local Common Financial Affairs and Expenditure Responsibilities in the Basic Public Services (Guo Ban Fa [

Article 2 The employment subsidy funds mentioned in these Measures are special funds set up by the people’s governments at or above the county level, managed by the financial departments at the same level in conjunction with the human resources and social security departments, and arranged through the general public budget to promote employment and entrepreneurship.

Article 3 The management of employment subsidy funds shall follow the following principles:

(1) Pay attention to Pratt & Whitney and give priority to it. We will implement the national inclusive employment and entrepreneurship support policy, focus on supporting the employment and entrepreneurship of groups with employment difficulties, and moderately allocate the central government’s employment subsidy funds to the central and western regions and regions with heavy employment tasks, so as to promote fair employment for all types of workers and promote the coordinated development of employment among regions.

(two) the combination of awards and compensation, incentive compatibility. Optimize the mechanism design, combine rewards with compensation, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of policy enforcement departments and policy targets at all levels.

(three) scientific and reasonable, improve quality and efficiency. Improve the operability and accuracy of the policy, optimize the direction of capital expenditure, strengthen supervision and control, strengthen the management of employment subsidy funds with performance orientation and result orientation, and dynamically adjust the policy in combination with the changes in employment situation and work tasks.

Chapter II Scope of Capital Expenditure

Article 4 Employment subsidy funds are divided into two categories: subsidies for individuals and units and subsidies for capacity building of public employment services.

Subsidies for individuals and units are used for vocational training subsidies, vocational skills evaluation subsidies, employment trainee subsidies, one-time job-seeking subsidies, one-time entrepreneurship subsidies, social insurance subsidies, public welfare post subsidies and other expenses; Public employment service capacity building subsidy funds are used for employment and entrepreneurship service subsidies and high-skilled personnel training subsidies and other expenses.

If the employment subsidy fund subsidy and unemployment insurance subsidy of the same project are duplicated, individuals and units cannot enjoy them repeatedly.

Article 5 The scope of personnel who enjoy vocational training subsidies includes: the monitoring targets for preventing poverty return, college graduates in graduation year (including senior workers’ classes in technical colleges, preparatory technicians’ classes, technicians’ classes and vocational education graduates in special education colleges, the same below), fresh junior high school graduates who have not continued their studies in urban and rural areas, rural migrant workers, registered unemployed people in cities and towns, people with employment difficulties, etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as six categories of personnel), and qualified enterprise employees.

Vocational training subsidies are used in the following aspects:

(a) six categories of personnel employment skills training and entrepreneurship training. For six categories of personnel who have participated in employment skills training and entrepreneurship training, if they have obtained the required certificates after training (including vocational qualification certificates, vocational skill grade certificates, special vocational ability certificates and training qualification certificates, the same below), they will be given certain standards of vocational training subsidies. All localities should accurately meet the needs of industrial development and training targets, regularly publish the guidance catalogue of urgently needed occupations (jobs), and appropriately raise the subsidy standard for vocational training in the guidance catalogue. Training institutions that advance the training fees for the labor reserve system for fresh junior and senior high school graduates who have not continued their studies in urban and rural areas shall be given certain standards of vocational training subsidies. Among them, rural students and urban low-income family students who participate in the labor preparation training can be given a certain standard of cost of living allowance.

(2) Job skills training for qualified enterprise employees. For the six categories of personnel newly hired by the enterprise, they shall sign labor contracts with the enterprise for a period of more than one year, and participate in job skills training by the enterprise relying on the training institutions they belong to or the training institutions recognized by the government within one year from the date of signing the labor contract. Those who obtain certificates after training shall be given certain standards of vocational training subsidies to employees or enterprises. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state to participate in the enterprise new apprenticeship training, technician training of enterprise employees, after training to obtain certificates, give employees or enterprises a certain standard of vocational training subsidies.

(3) Project-based training for qualified personnel. Local human resources, social security and financial departments can purchase employment skills training or entrepreneurship training services from training institutions through the project system according to regulations, carry out vocational skills training for unemployed people in major national reforms according to regulations, and give certain standards of vocational training subsidies to training institutions that undertake project-based training tasks.

Vocational training subsidies shall be paid in advance and by credit, and each person may enjoy a maximum of 3 times. Conditional areas can explore the establishment of personal credit accounts for vocational training for trainees, encourage trainees to choose training institutions and courses independently, and pay training fees through credit accounts. ?

Article 6 Six categories of personnel who have passed the initial vocational skill evaluation and obtained the required certificates (including vocational qualification certificate, vocational skill grade certificate and special vocational ability certificate, excluding training certificate) shall be subsidized for vocational skill evaluation. The subsidy standard may be appropriately raised for professional jobs that are included in the catalogue of professional qualification evaluation and vocational skill level identification of key industries. Each person can enjoy a maximum of 3 times, and the same occupation (type of work) cannot be enjoyed repeatedly.

Article 7 The scope of persons who enjoy the employment internship subsidy is unemployed college graduates and registered unemployed youth aged 16-24 who have left school for two years. To absorb the employment internship units, to give a certain standard of employment internship subsidies, for the internship units to pay the basic living expenses of interns during the internship, to handle personal accident insurance for interns, and to guide and manage the interns. The trainee probation period retention rate reached more than 50% of the units, can be appropriately raised trainee subsidy standards.

Article 8 One-time job-seeking subsidies shall be given to college graduates from low-income families, zero-employment families, families subject to poverty prevention monitoring, and extremely poor people who are actively seeking jobs and starting businesses in the graduation school year, and college graduates who are disabled and have obtained national student loans.

Article 9 For those college graduates who have left school for two years, people with employment difficulties, and migrant workers who have returned to their hometowns, who have established small and micro enterprises or engaged in self-employment for the first time, and the established enterprises or individual industrial and commercial households have been operating normally for more than one year since the date of industrial and commercial registration, they can be given a one-time business start-up subsidy.

Article 10 The scope of persons enjoying social insurance subsidies includes: persons with employment difficulties and college graduates who meet the provisions of the Employment Promotion Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Social insurance subsidies are used in the following aspects:

(a) social insurance subsidies for people with employment difficulties. Units that employ people with employment difficulties and pay social insurance premiums, and units that place people with employment difficulties through public welfare posts and pay social insurance premiums, shall be subsidized according to the basic old-age insurance premiums, basic medical insurance premiums and unemployment insurance premiums actually paid for people with employment difficulties, excluding the part that individuals with employment difficulties should pay. A certain amount of social insurance subsidies shall be given to the social insurance premiums paid by people with employment difficulties after flexible employment, and the subsidy standard shall not exceed 2/3 of their actual contributions in principle. The term of social insurance subsidies for people with employment difficulties can be extended to retirement except for those with employment difficulties who are less than 5 years away from the statutory retirement age, and the rest of the staff can not exceed 3 years at the longest (subject to the age when they first approved to enjoy social insurance subsidies).

(2) Social insurance subsidies for college graduates. Small and micro enterprises that employ unemployed college graduates in the graduation year and within two years after leaving school, sign labor contracts with them for more than one year and pay social insurance premiums for them, are given social insurance subsidies for up to one year, excluding the part that college graduates should pay individually. A certain amount of social insurance subsidies shall be given to the social insurance premiums paid by college graduates who have not been employed within 2 years after leaving school. The subsidy standard shall not exceed 2/3 of their actual contributions in principle, and the maximum subsidy period shall not exceed 2 years.

Article 11 The range of people who enjoy public welfare post subsidies is those with employment difficulties, with emphasis on the elderly unemployed and zero-employment family members.

Post subsidies shall be given to the people with employment difficulties who are placed in public welfare posts, and the subsidy standards shall be implemented with reference to the local minimum wage standards.

The term of public welfare post subsidy can be extended to retirement except for those with employment difficulties who are less than 5 years away from the statutory retirement age, and the rest of the staff can not exceed 3 years at the longest (subject to the age when they first approved to enjoy public welfare post subsidy).

Older people with employment difficulties, people with employment difficulties in zero-employment families, severely disabled people, etc., who are still difficult to achieve employment through other channels after the expiration of public welfare post subsidies, can be resettled through public welfare posts again according to procedures, and the term of post subsidies and social insurance subsidies is recalculated, and submitted to the provincial human resources and social security and financial departments for the record. The cumulative number of resettlement is no more than 2 times.

Twelfth employment and entrepreneurship service subsidies are used to strengthen the service capacity building of public employment and entrepreneurship service institutions.

The human resources and social security and financial departments at or above the county level can support public employment service institutions to strengthen the construction and maintenance of employment information network system through employment and entrepreneurship service subsidy funds. For the free public employment service undertaken by grass-roots public employment service institutions (including employment service stations at home and odd jobs stations set up by the government) and the business incubation service carried out by business incubation bases, certain subsidies can be given according to workload, professionalism and effectiveness. The public employment and entrepreneurship service institutions and their recruitment activities and entrepreneurship services with universities can be given certain subsidies according to the number of service personnel, effectiveness and cost.

The human resources and social security and financial departments at or above the county level may purchase basic employment and entrepreneurship services from the society according to the relevant provisions of the government on purchasing services. The specific scope and measures shall be determined by the provincial human resources and social security and financial departments.

Thirteenth high-skilled personnel training subsidies are mainly used for the construction of high-skilled personnel training bases and the construction of skill master studios.

All localities can combine the needs of regional economic development, industrial revitalization and development planning and the development of emerging strategic industries, build high-skilled personnel training bases relying on enterprises, universities, vocational training institutions and other units with high-skilled personnel training capabilities, and focus on activities such as high-skilled personnel training and upgrading, high-skilled personnel evaluation, high-skilled personnel curriculum research and development, and high-skilled personnel achievement exchange.

All localities can give full play to the important role of high-skilled leading talents in skills transmission, skills research, skills inheritance and skills promotion, select outstanding high-skilled talents in the front line of production and service of industrial enterprises, build skills master studios based on their units, and carry out skills inheritance and upgrading activities such as training, research, research and communication.

The specific scope of the use of subsidy funds for the training of high-skilled talents shall be determined by the provincial human resources and social security and financial departments in light of the actual situation and according to the existing regulations.

Article 14 Other expenditures refer to the newly-added employment and entrepreneurship support policy expenditures approved by the State Council and approved by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security according to the changes in the employment situation, as well as the employment and entrepreneurship support policy expenditures approved by the provincial people’s government on the basis of ensuring the implementation of various employment subsidy policies determined by the state, which are in line with the national employment policy orientation, directly related to promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of key groups and cannot be covered by the existing subsidy policies.

Other expenditures shall comply with the relevant regulations on the management of transfer payments.

Fifteenth employment subsidy funds for individuals and units of the specific standards, in line with the above principles, based on the provincial human resources and social security, financial sector combined with local conditions to determine. All localities should reasonably determine and scientifically control the proportion of public welfare post subsidies, and strictly control the proportion of employment and entrepreneurship service subsidies and other expenditures.

Sixteenth employment subsidy funds shall not be used for the following expenses:

(a) office buildings, dormitory construction and maintenance, transportation purchase and operation and maintenance expenses.

(two) the payment of staff salaries, allowances and other expenses.

(3) "three public" expenditures.

(four) inclusive finance business guarantee loans (original small secured loans) discount and supplementary business guarantee loan fund related expenses. ?

(five) office equipment and consumables, newspapers and books subscription, visit condolences and other expenses.

(6) Expenditure on organizing and implementing the games, bonuses, etc.

(seven) according to the provisions should be arranged by other financial funds.

(eight) other expenses prohibited by laws and regulations.

Subsidies in these Measures shall not be granted to the staff of government agencies and institutions.

Individuals and units in accordance with these measures to apply for subsidies, the specific use can be determined by the applicant or the applicant, not subject to the provisions of this article.

Chapter III Allocation and Release of Funds

Article 17 The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shall allocate the central financial employment subsidy funds by combining the factor method with the project method.

The funds allocated by the factor method are divided between the eastern region and the central and western regions according to the level of regional economic and social development and the actual financial situation, and then allocated according to the factor method. The specific division ratio between the eastern region and the central and western regions is determined according to the overall employment situation and employment tasks. The eastern region includes Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong and Guangdong provinces (cities).

Appropriate support will be given to the advanced areas selected by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance for promoting employment when allocating the central financial employment subsidy funds.

The funds allocated by the project law shall be determined by competitive evaluation.

Article 18 The factors allocated by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security by factor method include basic factors, input factors, work achievement factors and key work factors, which are adjusted by performance adjustment coefficient and financial adjustment coefficient. Among them:

(a) the weight of the basic factors is 35%, and indicators such as the labor force population are set, with emphasis on the amount of employment tasks.

(two) the weight of the input factor is 15%, and the indicators such as the arrangement and use of local government employment subsidy funds are set, focusing on local investment and budget implementation, guiding local governments to increase investment and speed up budget implementation.

(3) The weight of work achievement factors is 15%, and indicators such as new employment in cities and towns are set, with emphasis on the completion of employment achievements.

(four) the weight of key work factors is 35%, and specific indicators are set according to the key tasks of employment work in the current year.

The factors, weights, methods and the upper and lower limits of the annual allocation of funds can be appropriately adjusted according to the overall employment situation and the focus of work tasks.

Performance adjustment coefficient and financial adjustment coefficient are determined by performance evaluation results and financial difficulty coefficient respectively.

Local finance, human resources and social security departments can determine the specific distribution method in combination with the actual situation.

Article 19 When allocating the central financial employment subsidy funds by factor method, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shall be responsible for providing the basic employment-related data, performance evaluation results and suggestions on fund allocation needed for fund calculation together with relevant departments. The Ministry of Finance is responsible for collecting and summarizing business-related data such as fund carry-over balance, budget implementation and financial difficulty coefficient. Local human resources, social security and financial departments at all levels should clearly define the division of labor, compact the responsibilities and strengthen the examination and control when submitting basic data related to the allocation of funds to higher-level units. Each unit shall be responsible for the accuracy, completeness and timeliness of the data provided in accordance with the principle of "whoever provides it is responsible".

Article 20 Local governments may implement project management for the subsidy funds for the training of high-skilled talents in the public employment service capacity-building grant funds, and local human resources and social security departments shall prepare medium-and long-term plans for the training of high-skilled talents and determine the key areas of high-skilled talents supported by local governments.

Every year, the provincial human resources and social security departments shall, jointly with the financial department, organize experts to review the national-level high-skilled personnel training projects declared by the local authorities, and the review results shall be reported to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance for the record. The provincial financial department shall, jointly with the human resources and social security department, give classified subsidies according to the record results.

Article 21 The Ministry of Finance, together with the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, will issue the estimated amount of the central financial employment subsidy funds for the next year to the provincial financial, human resources and social security departments before October 31 each year, and send a copy to the local supervision bureaus of the Ministry of Finance; Every year, within 30 days after the National People’s Congress examines and approves the central budget, the central financial employment subsidy fund budget is officially issued. The provincial finance, human resources and social security departments should formally reach the municipal and county finance departments and human resources and social security departments within 30 days after receiving the budget of the central finance employment subsidy funds, and send a copy of the allocation of funds to the local supervision bureau of the Ministry of Finance.

Local finance, human resources and social security departments at all levels should check the transfer payment budget of the central government before issuing it. If problems are found, they should immediately report to the superior financial, human resources and social security departments. Local authorities are not allowed to allocate and dispose of transfer payment funds in doubt without authorization.

Local finance, human resources and social security departments at all levels should put forward clear requirements for the fund management of the employment subsidy funds they use, and organize the implementation of various employment and entrepreneurship policies in a timely manner.

Article 22 The human resources, social security and financial departments at all levels should fully implement budget performance management for employment subsidy funds, and do a good job in setting, reviewing and issuing performance targets in accordance with the provisions of the Ministry of Finance on the management of budget performance targets for transfer payments; Establish the whole process budget performance management chain, strengthen the performance target management, and do a good job in performance operation monitoring and performance evaluation; Strengthen the application of performance results, increase the disclosure of performance information, and improve the efficiency of fund allocation and use efficiency.

Chapter IV Fund Management and Supervision

Twenty-third local human resources and social security departments at all levels should, on the basis of persisting in transforming government functions and improving administrative efficiency, sort out and make public the list of employment subsidy policies in the region, and clarify the application materials, application procedures, handling channels and processing time limit.

Local departments of human resources, social security and finance at all levels should accept applications from various units and individuals in a timely manner, complete material review and fund allocation as soon as possible, and make regular reconciliation. Do a good job in the basic management of employment subsidy funds, strengthen supervision after the event, effectively identify the authenticity of personnel and units enjoying subsidy policies, and prevent fraudulent behaviors, and strengthen verification and spot checks on subsidies with large amount, large number of people and long term to prevent fraudulent behaviors.

Local human resources, social security and financial departments at all levels should strengthen information construction according to regulations, and rely on the centralized employment information platform in the province to bring subsidy application, acceptance, review and disbursement into system management. For information and materials that can be obtained by relying on information systems or by information sharing and business collaboration with relevant units, paper materials are no longer required, and personal subsidies can be issued through social security cards if conditions permit.

Twenty-fourth central financial employment subsidy funds in accordance with the provisions of the grassroots cities and counties, in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the treasury centralized payment management system. In the process of using funds, involving government procurement, it should be implemented in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations and systems of government procurement.

Finance, human resources and social security departments at all levels should speed up the implementation of the budget, timely allocate funds in place, revitalize the existing funds, improve the efficiency of the use of funds, and carry forward the management of surplus funds in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Finance.

Article 25 Local finance, human resources and social security departments at all levels should establish and improve financial management rules and regulations, strengthen internal financial management, strictly follow the financial management regulations, implement the requirements of separate authority and incompatible authority for post setting, optimize business processes and strengthen internal risk prevention and control.

Article 26 The financial, human resources and social security departments at all levels should include the management and use of employment subsidy funds in the scope of key supervision and inspection, take the initiative to carry out self-inspection, mutual inspection, cross-inspection or entrust a third-party inspection, and consciously accept the inspection and social supervision by auditing departments.

Twenty-seventh local financial, human resources and social security departments at all levels should do a good job in the annual budget and final accounts in accordance with the overall requirements of financial budget and final accounts management, and make it public as required.

Twenty-eighth levels of human resources and social security, financial departments should do a good job of information disclosure, through the local media, departmental websites and other public annual employment objectives, the completion of tasks, the use of various subsidy funds.

The disclosure of the use of various subsidy funds includes: the name of the unit or the list of personnel who enjoy various subsidies (including the ID number with hidden digits), subsidy standards and specific amounts, etc. Among them, the public welfare post subsidy should also disclose the name of the public welfare post, the establishment unit, the list of resettlement personnel, and the time to enjoy the subsidy; One-time job-seeking subsidies should be publicized on campus before they are issued.

Human resources, social security and financial departments at all levels should strictly abide by the laws and regulations of the state on the protection of personal information, which not only ensures the openness and transparency of the use of funds, but also avoids the disclosure of sensitive personal information.

Twenty-ninth financial, human resources and social security departments at all levels should establish an accountability mechanism of "who uses and who is responsible" for employment subsidy funds.

Finance, human resources and social security departments at all levels and their staff in the employment subsidy funds allocation audit, use management and other work, there are violations of the provisions of these measures, as well as other violations of laws and regulations, such as abuse of power, dereliction of duty, shall be investigated for corresponding responsibilities. Anyone suspected of committing a crime shall be transferred to the relevant authorities for handling according to law.

For places that neglect management and use funds in violation of regulations, the central government will correspondingly deduct its employment subsidy funds for the next year; If the circumstances are serious, it will be disqualified from obtaining the central financial employment subsidy fund in the next year and will be notified nationwide.

Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

Thirtieth these Measures shall be interpreted by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

Provincial finance, human resources and social security departments should formulate specific implementation measures for the management and use of employment subsidy funds in accordance with these measures according to local actual conditions.

Thirty-first central government employment subsidy funds related expenses shall be implemented until 2025. Before the expiration, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, together with the Ministry of Finance, will organize performance evaluation according to relevant laws, administrative regulations, relevant provisions of the State Council and work needs, and determine whether to extend the subsidy policy and the extension period according to the evaluation results.

Article 32 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Printing and Distributing the Measures for the Administration of Employment Subsidies (Caishe [2017] No.164), Supplementary Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on the Measures for the Administration of Employment Subsidies (Caishe [2019] No.122), Supplementary Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on the Measures for the Administration of Employment Subsidies (Caishe)

In recent years, with the housing and construction departments stepping up efforts to rectify the chaos in the real estate market, the illegal sales behavior in the market has greatly improved. However, the People’s Daily reporter found that some developers still have problems such as disguised illegal sales and curve evasion of supervision.

Especially at the second anniversary of the implementation of Beijing’s commercial purchase restriction policy, some commercial projects still sell houses "out of shape" by handling shell companies, changing legal persons into buyers after registering company qualifications in advance, and initialling contracts with unqualified consumers, which violates the original intention of regulation and control and makes buyers face chain risks.

Initial the contract before the social security is full

Recently, the reporter walked into the sales office of a project located at the intersection of Binhe Middle Road and Tonghu Street in Tongzhou District as a buyer. The salesperson introduced that its main apartment type is a 77-111 square meter hardcover two-bedroom and three-bedroom business apartment, which can be purchased in the name of an individual who meets the qualification of buying a house in Beijing, and the down payment is 50%. The salesperson also said: "Most of the people who buy our projects are used for investment and are optimistic about the future development of Tongzhou."

The project is under construction. (Photo by People’s Mesh Haili)

However, when the reporter asked how to deal with the continuous payment of social security in this city for less than five years, the salesperson gave this answer: "If there is only one year left in social security, you can first sign the contract, you can pay the money normally, and then sign it online after the social security is enough. Some of our customers have done this before."

Regarding this kind of behavior, the staff of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development said in a conversation with reporters: "We only recognize transactions that meet the relevant requirements. In this way, buyers need to bear greater risks and should be carefully distinguished."

Lawyer Ma Yuzhen, a real estate lawyer of Beijing Longan Law Firm, believes that such an operation is risky for buyers. Before the house is officially traded, the payment for the house can’t really lock the house, which is a test of the developer’s credit. Moreover, once the performance fails, if the restrictions on breach of contract initialed by both parties are not detailed enough, or the developer’s return of funds is not smooth, it is easy to cause two-way losses of housing and funds.

Regarding this kind of policy-dodging practice, Zhao Xiuchi, vice-president and secretary-general of Beijing Real Estate Law Society and professor of capital university of economics and business, also said that developers evaded the purchase restriction policy, disrupted the market order, increased the risk of the real estate market, and provided opportunities for some speculators, which was not conducive to the realization of the positioning of "staying in the house but not speculating" and the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.

Selling in disguised form without pre-sale certificate leads to the problem of handing over the house

Four years after the million-dollar purchase price was paid, more than 80 owners of Jingxi Jingyuan Project in Shijingshan District, Beijing, are still empty-handed in the puzzle of "disguised unlicensed sales" of developers, among which, the responsibility determination of the Customized Development Agreement signed by both parties has caused controversy.

According to public information, the project development company of Jingxi Jingyuan is Beijing Jingxi Jingrong Real Estate Co., Ltd., which is an absolute holding subsidiary of Greenland Group.

"Since May 2015, each of us has paid one or two million house purchases. At that time, the sales staff promised to hand over the house by the end of 2015. After four years, we still can’t get the house." Lin Qiaoqiao, the owner of Jingxi Jingyuan, and her "prospective neighbors" told reporters that they learned from the sales staff and the filing information of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development that these vendors did not get the pre-sale certificate, and they did not apply for the property right certificate after the house was completed, which made it impossible to sign the house online.

The unfinished business of Jingxi Jingyuan. (Photo by People’s Mesh Haili)

People’s Daily reporter visited and found that at present, the two limited houses in Jingxi Jingyuan have been delivered to the residents, but the bottom business sold by the project is vacant. The staff of the Housing Construction Committee of Shijingshan District confirmed on the phone that the bottom business of Jingxi Jingyuan does not have a sales license, and it is currently in the state of an existing house. If it is to be handed over, it is necessary to apply for a property right certificate first, and then apply for an existing house sales record.

In this regard, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Business Department of Greenland Group replied to the reporter that the project was sold in the form of customized development in 2015, and the completion record was completed on September 13, 2017. The estimated commercial delivery time is November 30, 2017, but due to 2017. On September 1, the government introduced a new commercial policy for affordable housing projects. Therefore, it is necessary to complete the supporting handover before proceeding with the following procedures: actually measured record-actual forecast correspondence-completion adjustment-land price verification letter-title registration survey-large property certificate-cash transfer-small property certificate, etc. There are many supporting houses for the project, and the procedures are cumbersome and complicated, and the handover procedures progress slowly, which has a serious impact on cash transfer and delivery. At present, it has been processed to the stage of ownership investigation.

Similarly, the sale of commercial properties without pre-sale permit in the form of customized development occurred in the Greenland Global Cultural and Financial City project, which is 8 kilometers away from Jingxi Jingyuan, and the project was also developed and constructed by Beijing Jingxi Jingrong Real Estate Co., Ltd.

The buyer Zhen Cheng ‘an showed reporters some Customized Development Agreements of more than 90 rights-defending owners. The agreement showed that it was signed in July 2015. However, according to the information of official website of Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the pre-sale permits for Greenland Global Cultural and Financial City project were all obtained in November 2015 or later, and the underground business of Building No.3 purchased by Zhen Cheng ‘an in July 2016 was not included in the pre-sale.

Customized Development Agreement signed by some buyers and Beijing Jingxi Jingrong Real Estate Co., Ltd. (Photo courtesy of the purchaser)

The relevant staff of the Housing Construction Committee also confirmed that the houses that the owners defended their rights did not obtain the pre-sale certificate at the time of payment. In response, Greenland said that the "Customized Development Agreement" signed with the purchaser is not used as a sales basis.

The content of the agreement shows that the purchaser pays the corresponding deposit to the developer, which will be converted into the amount of house payment later, and each customized development agreement stipulates the delivery time of the house. The above-mentioned agreement signed in July 2015 stipulates that the delivery time of the house is June 30, 2017.

Regarding the definition of illegal sales behavior, the Notice on Further Strengthening the Supervision of the Real Estate Market and Improving the Pre-sale System of Commercial Housing issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development in 2010 pointed out that real estate development enterprises are not allowed to pre-sell commercial housing projects without pre-sale permission, and they are not allowed to subscribe, book, line up numbers, issue VIP cards, etc., or collect fees such as deposits and reservations in disguise from buyers, and are not allowed to participate in any exhibition activities.

In June 2018, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, together with seven ministries and commissions, once again stressed that before obtaining the pre-sale permit for commercial housing, real estate development enterprises collect deposits, reservations, numbers, cards and other fees from buyers or in disguised form, which are illegal and illegal.

Ma Yuzhen pointed out: "The Customized Development Agreement is a new sales method for developers to avoid the invalidation of the contract without obtaining the pre-sale permit, which belongs to the legal edge ball." He said that although the content of the agreement bypasses the relevant provisions of the pre-sale permit, it is indeed the true intention of both parties and does not violate the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations. It should be valid and an appointment contract.

He further pointed out that if the disputed house does not meet the performance conditions of house transfer, the owner can terminate the Custom Development Agreement according to the terms of the contract and ask the developer to bear the liability for breach of contract. If the liquidated damages are lower than the actual losses, it may be required to increase the amount of liquidated damages (the developer shall bear the corresponding liability for contracting negligence if he knows that he cannot transfer the ownership).

Ma Yuzhen reminded consumers that when buying a house, we must look at whether the five certificates of the project are complete and whether the project is consistent, and judge the qualifications, reputation, reputation and risk prevention ability of the developer. At the same time, we should pay attention to the relevant policies issued by the state, and don’t listen to the rhetoric of sales staff one-sidedly.

"At the same time, we should also look at the terms of the contract in detail to identify whether there are sales models and terms that evade the law in disguise. Don’t pay a large sum of money without signing a formal sales contract, otherwise the default situation will be complicated and high-risk. " Ma Yuzhen said.

Agency companies evade the qualification of buying houses.

On March 26, 2017, the new policy of commercial projects issued by Beijing prohibited the sale of commercial projects under construction to individuals. The purchase restriction policy has strengthened the office attributes of commercial projects and strictly controlled the purchase qualifications, which has led to the rapid cooling of the Beijing commercial market and weakened the investment attributes.

However, some business-run projects still evade supervision by "scratching the ball", and the practice of developers acting as agents for company qualifications has appeared in the market. Some projects even registered a number of companies in advance, and finally avoided the purchase restriction requirements for buyers by changing their legal representatives.

"Many customers are qualified to buy houses by registering new companies. Our purchasing department has a team responsible for this matter, and the cost is about 10,000 yuan." The sales staff of the sales office of Greenland Global Cultural and Financial City told the reporter that the unsold houses of the project can be accepted by stages. After the down payment is 50%, the remaining house payment can be paid in one year.

In fact, this mode of operation often occurs in the Beijing commercial market after the purchase restriction. Tongzhou R&F Canal No.10, Fuhua Land World Overseas Chinese Business Center, Chaobei 8080 and other projects all promised to have the channel recommendation for handling company qualifications in the reporter’s earlier visit: "The agency company has a cooperative relationship with many projects of the developer, and it takes about 20 days to register the company."

Many real estate agents who live in new houses told reporters that there are still developers who are selling commercial houses, and there are generally channels for handling company qualifications.

A consultant also calculated an account for the reporter. The maintenance cost of buying a business-run house as a company includes: 3,600 yuan in tax declaration, 0.84% of the total house price in property tax and land use tax, and the minimum amount of 3,500 yuan *12*1.7% in employment security for the disabled. If it is resold, it is also required to pay 6% value-added tax on the value-added part of the house payment and 20% personal income tax on the market value difference of the company. Take a commercial house with a price of 2 million yuan as an example. If the regional guidance price is 3 million yuan after 5 years, the cost of holding and transferring it will be 362,700 yuan.

Another way to avoid the purchase restriction is to change the legal representative of the company registered in advance. When the reporter asked the consultant of Juli New House as a buyer about the purchase of the first Xiyue Bay in Fangshan District, the other party said, "Like the first Xiyue Bay project, they have already helped you to handle the company well, and each house is hung under a different company name. By changing the legal representative of the company, the corresponding house will also be classified under the name of the purchaser." Subsequently, the sales staff of the first Xiyuewan sales office also confirmed this statement to reporters.

In this regard, the reporter called the relevant person in charge of the Shoukai Renxin Fangshan Company, which is responsible for the sales of Xiyuewan project. The person in charge responded that the sales online signing of Xiyuewan project has been completed, and the current sales behavior of the project has nothing to do with the shares of Shoukai. Previously, there were non-Shoukai personnel who illegally sold Xiyuewan houses in the name of Shoukai.

However, the above-mentioned residential new house consultants and sales staff of the sales office told reporters that it is necessary to sign a contract with the first opening to buy a house in Xiyuewan from their channels.

Zhang Zhitong, director of Beijing Jingrun Law Firm, reminded that the purchase, holding and transfer of commercial property with enterprise qualification need to bear significantly higher tax costs than those that individuals need to bear when purchasing, and the transfer of commercial property also needs to ensure that the other party has company qualification, which leads to sales problems. Buyers should pay attention to the general ledger.

The marketing manager of a large real estate enterprise in Beijing told reporters, "The risk of this kind of practice lies in whether the government will approve and supervise the enterprise qualifications of the buyers for a long time. After all, the red line of the commercial attributes of commercial projects cannot be crossed." (The owners involved in the article are all pseudonyms)　

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