Sinopec employees work on the site of the new refinery project in Kuwait. Kuwait is one of the first countries to respond to China’s "Belt and Road Initiative". Photo courtesy of Xinhua News Agency

　　As one of the highlights of the second "Belt and Road" summit forum, today’s forum will hold an entrepreneur conference for the first time. Yesterday, Chen Zhou, vice president of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, revealed at the press conference held at the summit forum that nearly 900 representatives from international organizations, government departments, trade and investment promotion institutions and associations, enterprises, etc. will attend the conference, including 90 Fortune 500 enterprises and 78 Fortune 500 enterprises in China. The conference will organize nearly 1,000 one-on-one talks between Chinese and foreign enterprises, and a number of cooperation projects will be signed on site.

　　achievement

　　The localization rate of overseas institutions of central enterprises exceeds 85%

　　According to Xia Qingfeng, director of the Propaganda Bureau of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, there are currently 3,120 projects undertaken by central enterprises along the Belt and Road, which are distributed in various fields such as infrastructure construction, energy resources development, international capacity cooperation and industrial park construction. At present, among the infrastructure projects that have started or are planned to start, the number of projects undertaken by central enterprises accounts for more than 60%, and the contract amount accounts for nearly 80%.

　　In terms of infrastructure construction, central enterprises have promoted the interconnection of countries along the route, and in terms of international capacity cooperation, central enterprises have also promoted the economic development of relevant countries. Xia Qingfeng introduced that central enterprises have successively carried out more than 60 oil and gas cooperation projects in more than 20 countries, strengthened technical exchanges and sharing with partners in mineral resources development, and effectively improved the capacity and level of energy and mineral resources development in relevant countries.

　　In addition, central enterprises have also helped the economic transformation and upgrading of the host country. For example, Xia Qingfeng said that the Sino-Belarus Industrial Park jointly developed by SINOMACH and China Merchants Group is the largest project of economic and trade cooperation between China and Belarus. At present, 43 enterprises have entered the park, with an agreed investment of nearly 1.1 billion US dollars, which has promoted local employment and tax revenue, and deepened the professional cooperation between Belarus and other countries, including China; The sugar factory project undertaken by SINOMACH and SDIC in Ethiopia has made Ethiopia the country with the largest sugar production capacity and the most advanced technology in Africa.

　　At the same time, central enterprises still insist on localized development in the local area. Nearly 85% of the employees in the overseas institutions of central enterprises are local, and the localization rate of some enterprises, such as the Indonesian branch of PetroChina and the Pakistani branch of China Mobile, is as high as 99%.

　　In addition to providing direct jobs, central enterprises have also promoted local indirect employment and provided high-quality training for overseas employees, such as selecting outstanding employees from CCCC for training in China, which has improved their professional quality and ability.

　　274 private enterprises participate in the construction of the "Belt and Road"

　　Since the "Belt and Road Initiative" was put forward in 2013, the willingness and ability of private enterprises to participate in the "Belt and Road" construction have been continuously enhanced, and the degree of internationalization and competitiveness have also been continuously improved.

　　Ma Jun, director of the Liaison Department of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, said that in 2017, the total import and export trade between private enterprises and countries along the Belt and Road was US$ 619.98 billion, accounting for 43% of the total trade volume between China and countries along the Belt and Road, with a growth rate of 12.1%. Among them, the export value was 432.54 billion US dollars, accounting for 55.9%, with an increase rate of 8.9%; The import value was US$ 187.44 billion, accounting for 28.1%, and the growth rate was 11.9%. According to the report of the Top 500 Private Enterprises in China, 274 private enterprises in China participated in the Belt and Road construction in 2017, accounting for more than 50%, such as Huawei, Geely, TCL and Sany Heavy Industry, which promoted the infrastructure improvement and economic development of the host country and made positive contributions to solving local employment.

　　"At present, China has established 113 overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, with private enterprises leading the majority." For example, Ma Jun said that the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone built in Cambodia by Jiangsu Hodo Group Co.,Ltd. attracted 153 enterprises from China, Europe, America, Japan, South Korea and other countries and regions to settle in and created 29,000 jobs. Up to now, 113 enterprises have settled in the Thai-Chinese Luo Yong Industrial Park built by Zhejiang Huali Group in Thailand, which has solved more than 30,000 local jobs and driven China enterprises to invest more than 3 billion US dollars in Thailand.

　　This year, in order to further improve the guidance service for private enterprises to participate in the "Belt and Road" construction, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce will regularly participate in bilateral and multilateral institutional activities under the framework of national cooperation, including in-depth participation in the 2019 China International Import Expo, full implementation of the four tasks of the Beijing Summit of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum in 2018, and holding activities such as the China-Africa Private Economic Cooperation Forum with the theme of "Helping China-Africa Manufacturing Cooperation".

　　scale

　　900 delegates attended the meeting.

　　Chen Zhou, vice president of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, said that this entrepreneur conference has three characteristics: large scale, high level and strong representation of participating enterprises. A total of nearly 900 representatives from international organizations, government departments, trade and investment promotion institutions, associations and enterprises attended the meeting, including 500 Chinese representatives and more than 300 foreign representatives.

　　Among the participating enterprises, Chinese enterprises include mainland and some Hong Kong and Macao enterprises, while foreign enterprises cover all 88 countries and regions attending the summit forum, achieving full coverage of foreign leaders attending the forum.

　　These enterprises include well-known enterprises such as Tesla, small and medium-sized enterprises, leading enterprises in traditional industries such as energy and agriculture, and outstanding representative enterprises in new economic formats such as cross-border e-commerce, including 90 Fortune 500 enterprises, 78 China Fortune 500 enterprises, more than 100 central enterprises and more than 200 private enterprises.

　　Chen Zhou introduced that the agenda of the entrepreneur conference includes four links, the first is the plenary session; The second is the signing ceremony. There will be a number of cooperative projects between Chinese and foreign enterprises involving a wide range of fields, covering a wide range of countries, with great basic role, strong demonstration effect and many livelihood projects for on-site signing, and follow-up services will be provided for the implementation of these projects after the meeting; The third is the docking negotiation between Chinese and foreign enterprises; The fourth is the closing ceremony, which gives a brief summary of this conference.

　　Text/reporter Dong Xin

1905 movie network news　On the evening of November 18th, the second Chinese documentary film conference "Golden Gull" was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong. Eight films stood out from the 32 entries and won nine honors. Before the closing ceremony, the conference also held the "Glory Avenue" ceremony, where many of the finalists first met the audience.

　

In the category of works, he won the special recommendation for the annual documentary film works; Get the recommended works of natural science; Get the recommended works of culture and history; "Just Run" won the recommended works of social documentary; Get the recommended works of international communication.

　

Among the individual honors, "The Direction of Savoie Flowing" Chen Danyan became the director specially recommended by the Organizing Committee; "Snow Leopard and Her Friends" became the photography specially recommended by the organizing committee; Become a special recommended clip of the organizing Committee; Chad Cannon became a special sound effect recommended by the organizing Committee.

　

"Thank you for the Chinese Documentary Film Conference, thank you for judging teachers, and thank you for all the people who have made this film. Film creation is an endless road, and we will continue to work hard." When receiving the award on stage, the producer of Snow Leopard and Her Friends said with great emotion. The film took six years to shoot, and it was not easy to go all the way. Not long ago, the film just won the Best Documentary Award in the 36th China Golden Rooster Award.

　

"This year’s competition is particularly fierce. There are works that have won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Documentary, as well as movies on the theme of Winter Olympics. It is really unexpected to win the award." Standing in the spotlight of the podium, the director of "Invisible Peak" shared his mental journey of winning the prize. At the same time, he also said that winning the film is not a personal victory, but a victory for all filmmakers. I hope that the Chinese documentary film will get better and better.

　

When the director of "Not an Island" frankly filmed the film, he was deeply impressed by the fact that the recording engineer was afraid to move because of the mosquito bites on his arm holding the equipment in order to ensure the radio quality. The music part of this film was completed online, and the composer Richard Cannon was deeply moved by the kindness of Chinese presented in the film.

　

In addition, Liu Shihua, an internationally renowned violinist and pianist, brought classic songs such as Meditation to the audience. It is worth mentioning that 45 years ago, the Central News Recording Film Studio filmed a documentary called "Spring Bud", and Lv Siqing, who was eight years old at that time, was one of the masters of the film.

　

This year’s Chinese Documentary Film Conference is organized with the concept of "China characteristics, international vision and humanistic feelings", aiming at paying tribute to ordinary people in the industry, attracting more high-quality resources into the industry to expand the market space, and promoting the high-quality development of documentary films in China.

Notice of the State Press and Publication Administration on Carrying out the Verification of Newspapers in 2023

Guoxin Departure Letter [2024] No.2

The press and publication bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the ministries and commissions of the central and state organs, the newspaper departments of people’s organizations, and the Propaganda Bureau of the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission:

According to the "Regulations on the Administration of Newspaper Publishing", "Measures for the Annual Verification of Newspapers and Periodicals" and other relevant regulations, the notice on doing a good job in the verification of newspapers in 2023 is as follows.

I. Verification Time

20 February to 31 March 2024

Second, the key points of verification

(1) Key verification contents

1. Content orientation and quality. Whether newspaper publishing units always take studying, propagating and implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era as their primary task, thoroughly study, propagate and implement the Supreme Leader’s cultural thought, resolutely defend the "two establishments", strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two maintenances", persistently use the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era to forge a soul, and continue to push the party’s innovative theory armed forces to go deep and practical; Whether it is clear-cut to adhere to the correct political direction, public opinion orientation and value orientation, adhere to unity, stability, encouragement and positive publicity, sing the main theme, carry forward positive energy, and consolidate and expand the mainstream ideological public opinion in the new era of endeavor; Whether to put social benefits in the first place and realize the unity of social benefits and economic benefits; Whether to publish bad and harmful information content such as laws and regulations prohibiting publication, guiding problems, vulgarity and kitsch, and endangering social morality; Whether to compile and publish overseas news information products without authorization; Whether there are quality problems such as the quality of editing and proofreading, the quality of publishing form is unqualified, and the quality of publishing can not meet the prescribed standards for a long time.

2. Publishing qualification and ability. Whether the newspaper organizer strictly implements the ideological work responsibility system and fully performs the responsibility of "managing people, managing affairs and managing assets"; Whether there are non-public capital components in the capital structure of newspaper publishing units and competent organizers; Whether the newspaper publishing unit has a sound guidance and quality management rules and regulations, whether it strictly implements the editing management system such as separation of editing and management, "three audits and three schools", whether it can carry out publishing activities normally, and whether there is a situation that its business has deteriorated and it is insolvent; Whether the main person in charge of the newspaper publishing unit meets the relevant regulations and holds a valid post training certificate.

3. Compliance with the law. Whether the newspaper publishing unit changes the licensing matters such as the competent organizer and business scope without authorization, whether it establishes local institutions without authorization, whether it delivers the sample newspaper in time according to the regulations, whether it has not been put on record or closed for more than 180 days, whether it has published illegal advertisements and been notified and punished by the relevant departments, and whether there are illegal and illegal problems such as selling, renting, transferring the serial number, layout and publishing license; Whether the employees have any illegal issues such as publishing job information without authorization, illegally setting up new media accounts such as Weibo WeChat, illegally applying for a journalist’s card, news extortion and false news.

4. Media construction and management. Whether newspaper publishing units resolutely implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and further promote the construction of all-media communication system, whether to establish and improve an integrated system and mechanism that adapts to the production and communication of media, and whether to achieve unified online and offline guidance and management requirements for newspapers and new media; Whether there are irregularities in the operation and management of the new media and other serious violations of laws and regulations.

(2) Key verification units

1 newspaper publishing units whose newspaper names and business scope have changed in the last two years.

2 newspaper publishing units that have stopped publishing, stopped publishing, failed to publish normally for a long time, and have no publishing conditions.

3. Newspaper publishing units that have problems in violation of laws and regulations, are suspected of violating laws and regulations, or the masses report that there are content-oriented errors, news extortion, false news and other problems.

4 newspaper publishing units with low publishing quality and prominent editing and proofreading errors in recent years.

Third, organize the implementation

The press and publication bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps are responsible for the annual verification of local newspapers, and the Propaganda Bureau of the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission is responsible for the annual verification of military newspapers.

Newspapers published in Beijing by ministries and commissions of the central and state organs and people’s organizations are verified by the Beijing Municipal Press and Publication Bureau. The central and state organs, ministries and commissions, people’s organizations and newspaper departments should actively cooperate with the provincial press and publication management departments to do the annual verification work.

The State Press and Publication Administration is responsible for the unified organization, deployment, supervision and guidance of the annual verification of national newspapers.

Iv. verification procedures

(1) Unit self-inspection. The newspaper publishing units shall carefully conduct self-examination and self-correction according to the requirements of this notice, write an annual self-inspection report, log in to the "2023 Annual Newspaper Verification System" on China reporter website, fill in and print the "2023 Annual Newspaper Verification Form".

(two) report to the competent organizer for inspection. Each newspaper publishing unit will submit the annual self-inspection report and the paper materials of the 2023 Annual Newspaper Verification Form to the organizer and the competent unit, and the competent organizer will conduct inspection, issue audit opinions and affix the official seal on the 2023 Annual Newspaper Verification Form.

(three) reported to the provincial press and publication management department for verification. Each newspaper publishing unit will submit the 2023 Annual Newspaper Verification Form stamped with the official seal of the competent organizer, together with the annual self-inspection report, newspaper sample report and other verification materials, to the provincial press and publication management department. Provincial press and publication management departments shall carefully verify paper materials according to laws and regulations, log in to the "2023 Annual Newspaper Verification System" to review the information provided by newspaper publishing units and approve the verification opinions. For key verification units, the verification opinions should be approved on the basis of investigation, conversation and on-the-spot inspection.

(4) Submitting it to the State Press and Publication Administration. The provincial press and publication management departments shall summarize and submit the 2023 annual newspaper verification report and the 2023 annual newspaper verification results catalogue of local newspapers through the "2023 annual newspaper verification system". The annual verification report should include the annual verification measures and results, the basic situation of newspaper publishing and achievements, compliance and discipline, the effectiveness of integration and development, as well as existing problems, difficulties and suggestions. The annual verification report in 2023 and the catalogue of newspaper verification results must be submitted in another paper document.

The State Press and Publication Administration will supervise and inspect the work in key areas, conduct targeted spot checks on key verification units this year, and inform the provincial press and publication management departments of the annual verification work as appropriate.

V. Verification requirements

(a) focus on strengthening the organization and implementation. All relevant management departments should strengthen responsibility, strengthen organization and leadership, act quickly and make careful arrangements. Combined with the actual situation of the local department, we carefully formulated specific work plans, innovated management methods, adjusted and optimized verification measures, strengthened supervision and inspection and spot checks, and ensured that the annual verification work was completed with high standards and high quality. All newspaper publishing units should implement the main responsibility, refine measures according to the annual verification requirements, and arrange special classes to implement them, so as to ensure the efficient completion of the annual verification materials filling and submission within the prescribed time limit.

(2) Adhere to strict examination and control. All relevant administrative departments should adhere to the word "strictness", strictly verify procedures, strictly regulate standards, severely punish accountability, and strictly block management loopholes. It is necessary to highlight key verification, establish key supervision files in combination with the actual daily supervision work such as newspaper review, quality inspection, social benefit evaluation and case investigation, and conduct comprehensive inspection and strict verification one by one according to the requirements of verification work. It is necessary to strictly examine and verify the verification conclusion in accordance with the Measures for Annual Verification of Newspapers and Periodicals. Those who suspend the verification, fail to pass the verification and do not participate in the verification should explain the reasons and the treatment measures to be taken.

(three) to ensure the quality of verification data. All relevant management departments should tighten the compaction responsibility chain, strengthen the verification data audit and check, and focus on the important verification data by comparing it with previous verification data and daily management data to ensure that the verification data is complete, true, standardized and accurate. If the verification data reported by the newspaper publishing unit is incomplete, untrue and irregular, it shall be returned, and if it still does not meet the requirements after re-reporting, the verification shall be suspended. Newspaper publishing units should strengthen the awareness of verifying data quality, carefully collect and standardize the filling, do not resort to deceit or perfunctory things, and lay a solid foundation for the quality of source data.

(4) Do a good job in follow-up work. It is necessary to do a good job in the follow-up work of annual verification in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Administration of Newspaper Publishing and the Notice on Standardizing the Procedures for Cancellation of Newspapers. For newspapers that fail to participate in the annual verification as required, fail to participate in the annual verification after being urged, and fail to pass the annual verification, the local provincial press and publication administration department shall apply to the State Press and Publication Administration for revoking its newspaper publishing license. For newspapers that are closed, closed, unable to be published normally for a long time, and no longer have publishing conditions, practical measures should be taken to promote their deadline for transfer or closure. On the initiative of the organizer in charge of the newspaper, it should be submitted to the State Press and Publication Administration in a timely manner for filing and cancellation of registration.

State Press and Publication Administration

January 11, 2024

(Contact: Wang Qi, Tel: 010-83138397, Address: No.40, Xuanwumenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing)

　　Japanese rite of passage

　　Overseas network April 1 STAccording to Japan’s Yomiuri Shimbun, the amendment to Japan’s Civil Law came into effect on April 1, and the adult age in Japan was officially lowered from 20 to 18. According to the amendment, at the age of 18, you can independently sign financial contracts such as credit card processing, investment and consumption, but you still need to be at least 20 years old to smoke, drink or participate in public gambling.

　　In 1876, Japan in Meiji era defined 20 years old as the age of adulthood for the first time. Japanese media pointed out that this is the first time that Japan has adjusted the age of majority in the Civil Law after 146 years. Since most countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) adopt the form of "18-year-old adults", Japan has also decided to adjust to international standards. Specifically, Japanese adults over the age of 18 can sign contracts such as mobile phones and credit cards without their parents’ consent, and can also apply for passports valid for 10 years. The marriage age of women is adjusted from 16 to 18, just like that of men.

　　Earlier, some media pointed out that the aging of Japanese society is becoming more and more serious, and lowering the age standard for adults is intended to encourage young people to enter society early and participate in social life. However, some experts worry that many 18-and 19-year-olds lack social experience and are easily deceived without the protection of guardians. The current Japanese law stipulates that minors or their guardians have the right to cancel contracts signed without the consent of their guardians. After the new regulations come into effect, people aged 18 and 19 will lose relevant legal protection. (Overseas Network-Wang Shanning)

During my first few years in Japan, my interests were mainly focused on two things: one was to study media law, and the other was to try to run the media. The former is the main business and the latter is a sideline, but this sideline takes up a lot of my time. In those years, I participated in the establishment of Japanese Students Abroad, China Economic Times, and Japanese-Chinese Medicine Exchange. At this time, the Japanese newspaper industry is surging-according to a survey by the Japan Press Association, the circulation of Japanese newspapers in 1997 was as high as 53.77 million copies, so I can count it as a success.

Compared with other countries, Japanese newspaper industry has several remarkable characteristics: first, the number of publications is huge; Second, newspapers are issued directly, and the sales network covers the whole country; Then the major newspapers belong to the "senior mass newspaper", unlike the European and American newspapers, the "senior newspaper" and "mass newspaper" are completely different.

Today, with the decline of paper media, there are still more than 100 newspapers "alive" in Japan, and one third of them are divided into two versions: "Korean issue" and "evening issue". The largest Yomiuri Shimbun is published nearly 10 million times a day. Japanese people are the people who love reading newspapers in the world. Many families subscribe to two newspapers, a national newspaper and a local newspaper. According to a survey in 2008, 90% of Japanese people have the habit of reading newspapers every day.

In the 1990s, domestic weekly newspapers and metropolis newspapers rose, and the China Newspaper Association sent many delegations to visit Japan. I have set up a bridge between China Press Association and Japan Press Association, and have done many projects to promote exchanges between the two sides. At that time, the domestic newspaper industry was in a period of rapid expansion, and many places lacked newspapers, newsprint and even ink. The exchanges between the two sides mainly focused on operation and management. For the Japanese newspaper industry, the domestic media is very yearning.

In Japan, newspapers belong to the private sector and are self-financing for the market. The state neither "owns" newspapers, nor subsidizes them, nor is it in a position to dictate their contents. More than half of the income of the paper media comes from sales, and the readers are the parents of food and clothing, so the distribution and service of Japanese newspapers are also directly oriented to readers. In Japan, 95% newspapers are delivered directly to subscribers’ homes by newspaper couriers, rain or shine. It is a part of many Japanese people’s life to have breakfast and read morning newspapers. Day after day, they gradually develop their attachment to type and paper.

High-quality distribution and service are considered to be one of the main reasons for Japanese newspapers to retain readers. In my opinion, the best service of newspapers comes from truth. Japanese newspapers have a good record of objectivity. This stems from the "freedom of the press" guaranteed by the postwar constitution. In 1947, the Japanese Constitution prohibited any form of news censorship. On this basis, the principle of "objectivity" and "neutrality" of newspapers becomes possible. Unlike European and American media, Japanese newspapers keep a distance from politics while presenting facts. Politicians do not directly intervene in the media, and journalists will not turn to politics. Subscribers rarely subscribe to a newspaper because of their political stance, because the editorials of these newspapers are not very different. In a survey last year, the credibility score of newspapers reached 68.7 points (out of 100 points), which was significantly better than the 51.4 points of online new media.

However, the crisis is also obvious. In the Heisei era, the paper media experienced a process of reaching the peak and then slipping. Last year, Japanese newspapers published 39.9 million copies a day, which greatly exceeded the global level, but it has shrunk by about a quarter compared with the peak of 20 years ago. As mentioned earlier, the revenue of Japanese newspapers mainly depends on selling newspapers, and the shrinking circulation means that the income of publishers decreases. According to statistics, the total sales of Japanese newspapers decreased by about 458 billion yen (about 29.1 billion yuan) in the decade from 2003 to 2013. In the late Heisei generation, it has become normal for print media to attack each other in order to compete for declining subscribers.

There are cracks in the business model on which Japanese newspapers depend, and this crack will become more and more obvious with the aging of the "lump generation". The so-called "mass generation" was born shortly after the war, and has developed the habit of reading newspapers since childhood, and is the most loyal reader of newspapers. These people are now over 70 years old. According to statistics, the "healthy life expectancy" of Japanese men is 71 years old, while that of Japanese women is 74 years old. Later, they will either enter the nursing home or gradually become too tired to read. At that time, the wave of newspaper subscription cancellation will come.

Young people who grew up in the internet age are not attached to newspapers, and they don’t even watch TV. Surfing the internet is their daily life, and more than 90% of Japanese in their twenties and thirties are netizens. According to a survey conducted by the Press and Communication Research Association last year, in Japan, the number of people browsing news through mobile phones or computers has exceeded the readers of early newspapers.

Personally, I have less and less time to read newspapers. This is not just a matter of time, but that newspapers are no longer an irreplaceable source of information. In the past, news that could only be obtained by reading newspapers and watching TV can now be easily obtained online, even without the need for professional news organizations to provide it.

In the early 1990s, when I first arrived in Japan, there was often no news of China in the mainstream Japanese media for several days, as if there was no such country as "China" on the earth. My fellow students and I founded China Overseas Students Daily and China Economic Times to fill this gap. The former is aimed at the minority group of "Japanese students studying abroad" and published in both Chinese and Japanese languages; The latter is for Japanese readers and published in Japanese. Later, the two newspapers both disappeared at the door of the internet age, unable to find a new position, and lack of editing and editing power, which were the main reasons for the suspension of publication.

1995 was called the "first year of the Internet" in Japan. In that year, traditional media began to enter the network, and the media performance became more diversified. In 1997, the circulation of Japanese newspapers reached its peak, and has been shrinking year by year since then. People generally attribute this to the impact of the internet age. In fact, Achilles’ heel is different for different newspapers. For western mainstream media, the loss of advertising is a fatal blow, but the main income of Japanese newspapers does not depend on advertising. What Japanese newspapers lack is, I think, in-depth information and investigative reports that only professional media can provide. This shortcoming has always existed, but it is only in the Internet age that Japanese newspapers have accelerated their depreciation.

Reporters Without Borders released media freedom in 180 countries and regions around the world in April this year, and Japan ranked only 67th, ranking last in the Group of Seven. Why is this happening? As mentioned above, Japan’s Constitution guarantees freedom of the press, which is the same as other countries in the G-7, except that there is a "press club" system in Japan.

"Journalists’ Club" is an exclusive organization established by Japanese government departments and business clubs at all levels for the media. Only club members can obtain the first-hand information and data provided by the government and relevant clubs. There are hundreds of such press clubs all over Japan, and there are special "press rooms" from the Prime Minister’s Office to the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Through the club, journalists and so-called authoritative sources have formed a mutually beneficial "non-confrontational" relationship-journalists can easily get fed without having to chase after them, and sources regulate information release to realize public opinion management.

This system has been criticized by foreign countries, thinking that it has actually caused "self-censorship" of the media. Japanese newspapers are full of news from journalists’ clubs, and there are few in-depth investigative reports and even few critical reports. As mentioned above, Japanese newspapers don’t tell lies, but truth doesn’t mean truth, which is often hidden under fragmented facts and needs to be excavated by journalists. The reason why the media is important to a democratic society is that it builds an information base for people’s political participation. Only when people are fully informed can people’s autonomy become possible. Unfortunately, Japanese newspapers are not so conscious.

Martin Fackler, former director of The New York Times branch in Japan, noticed that the media are very popular with Japanese fresh graduates because of their high salaries and comparable treatment to banks, securities companies and trading houses. This kind of "motivation" makes Japanese journalists more like "wage earners". Unlike American journalists from the grassroots, they lack professional passion and confidence in questioning dignitaries.

At present, Shinzo Abe has become one of the longest-serving prime ministers in Japan, thanks in part to the media. Every major newspaper in Japan has a column of "The Prime Minister’s Movement" to report the whereabouts of the Prime Minister. It is not difficult to find that almost all the heads of major media are Abe’s guests. According to some statistics, since returning to the post of Prime Minister in 2012, the number of times Abe has had dinner with media people has greatly increased. Today’s Japanese media have little criticism of Abe’s government. "I’m not so much worried about the Abe regime that controls the media," Martin Fakler sighed. "I’m more worried about the Japanese media so easily."

In the 2010s, the life of Japanese newspapers became more and more difficult. Of course, they will not sit still. Many newspapers publish online editions and offer them to subscribers at very low prices. In addition, there are various plans and promotions for specific groups, such as launching special topics for women or "student subscription prices" for young people to attract more subscribers and readers. However, the declining sales volume year by year shows that these methods are not effective, at least not enough to reverse the decline. Perhaps it is time for Japanese newspapers to consider a reporting strategy outside the press club.

Near the Dome Gymnasium in Tokyo, there is a dormitory for international students named "Houleliao". The entrance and floor are inlaid with green glazed tiles, which is full of ancient meaning. It used to be the "Manchukuo Students’ Club for Studying in Japan", but it has been transformed into the dormitory for international students of the Japan-China Friendship Club. I remember that my room was Room 104, which was once the editorial department of China Overseas Students.

In the past 30 years, only the Japanese-Chinese Medicine Exchange magazine, the three media I participated in, has survived, and I heard that it has developed well. Perhaps, yesterday’s "public" has collapsed, people no longer read the same newspaper at the same time, and today’s media must satisfy countless "minorities" with varied tastes.

—–

Author Darren Liu is a professor at the Department of Comprehensive Policy and Graduate School of Xinglin University.

　　Refine the definition of domestic violence and make it clear that it is also domestic violence that commits violations through the internet; Improve the mandatory reporting system, and include those who are unable to report due to old age, disability, serious illness, coercion, intimidation and other reasons into the protection object; Creatively expand the protection object, and make it clear that minors who witness domestic violence are victims of domestic violence …

　　A few days ago, the Measures for the Implementation of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Guangdong Province (hereinafter referred to as the Measures) was voted by the 22nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress of Guangdong Province and will be implemented on October 1, 2020.

　　It is understood that the "Measures" have a number of highlights reflecting Guangdong characteristics. The relevant person in charge of the Guangdong Women’s Federation, the drafting unit, said that it is of great significance for the Measures to innovate relevant work systems and measures and strive to build an anti-domestic violence prevention and control system with Guangdong characteristics to promote the province’s anti-domestic violence work, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women and children, promote family harmony and maintain social stability.

　　Chen Yongkang, deputy director of the Social Committee of the Guangdong Provincial People’s Congress, introduced that during the drafting of the Measures (Draft), relevant systems were established to solve the problems existing in the current anti-domestic violence work, such as unclear division of responsibilities among departments, nonstandard handling of complaints, difficulty in giving evidence to victims of domestic violence, and insufficient assistance to victims, and efforts were made to legislate against the problems and solve the problems through legislation. At the same time, learn from the experience of brother provinces, adapt to local conditions, and do not simply transplant.

　　Li Mingshun, secretary of the Party Committee and professor of China Women’s University, believes that the overall characteristics of the Measures are the most striking: First, it highlights the responsibility of public power to moderately intervene in domestic violence; Second, it is emphasized that the prevention and treatment of domestic violence must adhere to the victim-oriented principle and give priority to the rescue of victims.

　　It is understood that the "Measures" innovate relevant work systems and measures, presenting ten highlights.

　　Highlight 1: Domestic violence is expressed by sub-items, and "freezing hunger", "stalking", "harassing" and "spreading privacy" are clearly defined as domestic violence.

　　The Measures itemize domestic violence from five aspects: injury, restriction of personal freedom, threat to personal safety, mental aggression and other domestic violence. According to the needs of work practice and in response to social concerns, freezing hunger, confinement, stalking, harassment, slander and spreading privacy are clearly defined as domestic violence. Clearly through the Internet and other means to implement the relevant violations, but also domestic violence.

　　Highlight 2: Anti-domestic violence implements social co-governance, and if the victim is found to face personal safety threats, he should call the police in time.

　　Several articles of the Measures respectively stipulate the responsibilities and obligations of people’s organizations, village (neighborhood) committees, social organizations, enterprises and institutions to carry out anti-domestic violence. It is stipulated that any unit or individual has the right to dissuade the ongoing domestic violence, and the victim who is threatened by personal safety shall report the case to the public security organ in time.

　　Highlight 3: Build a comprehensive prevention system for anti-domestic violence work, and bring domestic violence prevention work into grid management.

　　The "Measures" respectively define the responsibilities of all parties concerned around strengthening the publicity and education of family virtues and anti-domestic violence laws and regulations, conducting business training, promoting the construction and sharing of information resources, and resolving conflicts and disputes between marriage and family. Among them, people’s governments at all levels are required to incorporate family education guidance services into the urban and rural public service system; Require the civil affairs department to guide the marriage registration authority and provide marriage and family counseling services for the parties involved in marriage registration; Schools and kindergartens are required to carry out self-protection awareness publicity and education for students and children.

　　Highlight 4: Establish and improve the linkage mechanism of anti-domestic violence, and handle major cases with bad social impact together.

　　The Measures clarify the responsibilities of the people’s governments at or above the county level to establish and improve the linkage mechanism against domestic violence. Require the first department and unit to do a good job of acceptance, follow-up and referral according to their job responsibilities; Major cases of domestic violence involving the responsibilities of multiple departments and units or cases of domestic violence with bad social impact shall be handled jointly with other relevant departments and units.

　　Highlight 5: Improve the mandatory reporting system and expand the protected objects and reporting subjects.

　　In terms of mandatory reporting, people who cannot report due to old age, disability, serious illness, coercion, intimidation and other reasons are included in the protection object, and people’s mediation organizations and their staff are added as the subject of mandatory reporting.

　　Highlight 6: Standardize the public security organs to receive the police, and issue a warning in "four situations".

　　The public security organs are explicitly required to include the domestic violence alarm in the scope of the "110" police service. After receiving the domestic violence report, they should go to the police in time, make a police record, and do a good job in stopping domestic violence, collecting evidence, finding out basic facts, assisting in rescue, identifying injuries, assisting in asylum, and informing victims of their rights. The public security organ shall accept and investigate domestic violence in violation of public security administration according to law; Anyone suspected of committing a crime shall file a case for investigation according to law. The public security organ shall issue a warning if the circumstances of domestic violence are relatively minor, and the public security administration punishment is not given according to law, which is in line with one of the four situations, such as "failure to obtain mediation from the victim".

　　Highlight 7: Enrich the measures of personal safety protection orders, and you can apply for multiple protection measures, and the court will make them in batches.

　　The Measures stipulate that the personal safety protection order can take the following measures: prohibition order, departure order and removal order. Where the applicant is required to apply for a number of habeas corpus measures, the people’s court may make them several times in batches.

　　Highlight 8: Special chapter provides assistance to victims of domestic violence, and temporary shelters should protect the privacy of victims.

　　Attach importance to the assistance to victims, and set up a special chapter on "assistance to victims of domestic violence" to provide victims with multi-level, diversified and three-dimensional assistance from temporary shelter, social assistance, legal aid and judicial assistance, covering temporary accommodation, legal needs, psychological services and difficult assistance.

　　Highlight 9: Improve the family investigation system and the lawyer’s investigation and evidence collection system, and promote the solution to the problem of difficult proof.

　　It is clear that in the civil action of domestic violence, if the victim cannot collect evidence by himself due to objective reasons, he can entrust a lawyer to investigate and collect relevant evidence according to law.

　　Highlight 10: Creatively expand the object of protection, and minors who witness domestic violence are victims of domestic violence.

　　Strengthen the protection of minors and make it clear that minors who witness domestic violence are victims of domestic violence.

Original Bajiuling Wu Xiaobo Channel

It may be difficult for pharmaceutical companies to embark on the road of OEM, but it is not a long-term solution after all.

Text/Ba Jiuling (WeChat WeChat official account: Wu Xiaobo Channel)

01

These things you bought online are probably branded products.

Have you bought scar cream, hair tonic, warm palace stickers, diet pills and other health care products online? If these products come from well-known pharmaceutical companies such as Renhe, Tongrentang and Xiuzheng, will you have more trust, even if its price is higher than similar products, will you pay for them?

But in fact, the products you bought are probably not from the pharmaceutical companies’ own factories, but are OEM products.

For example, Tmall’s "Medicine Capital Renhe Flagship Store" has a monthly sales of 10,000+and more than 7,000 comments. According to the product details page, this product is from Renhe Pharmaceutical, but it does not appear in the product list of Renhe Pharmaceutical official website.

According to the approval number of this product "G20180064", minibus found the registration information of this product in official website of the Food and Drug Administration, which showed that the manufacturer was "Guangzhou Aifuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.", and the last remark information also stated that its actual manufacturer was: Guangzhou Tengyu Cosmetics Co., Ltd.

Enterprise investigation shows that Guangzhou Aifuyi and Guangzhou Tengyu have no equity relationship with Renhe Pharmaceutical. This is a typical OEM product.

On the platform of investor interaction, many investors have raised a similar topic to Renhe Pharmaceutical, such as "What is the relationship between anti-alopecia lotion and Renhe Pharmaceutical", and they are concerned about the actual relationship between such branded products and Renhe Pharmaceutical.

02

The OEM model has spread to the medical field.

Today, the OEM model has been very popular in all walks of life. The most typical is the Antarctic people. Open a shopping platform, there will be many shops related to Antarctic people, and the products are countless, from shoes and clothing to bedding, from electric irons to gas stoves.

Antarctic people were originally a company that started from making underwear. Since 2008, Antarctic people have closed all the production lines of their own factories, and since then they have changed from "selling products" to "brand authorization", earning a lot of money. In 2019, Antarctic people earned 1.3 billion yuan through brand authorization. In 2020, the gross profit margin of Antarctic OEM service will reach 93.26%.

In recent years, the OEM model has spread to the medical and health care industries. Renhe, Tongrentang, Xiuzheng, Sunflower and many other well-known pharmaceutical companies increase their income through brand authorization.

Taking Renhe Pharmaceutical as an example, according to its 2020 annual report, the company achieved a total operating income of 4.106 billion yuan. The company’s products are divided into self-owned products and OEM products. From the perspective of income, self-owned products and OEM products basically account for half.

The OEM model supports half of the revenue of an old pharmaceutical company, which is enough to prove the dependence of well-known pharmaceutical companies on the OEM model.

Compared with R&D, OEM is obviously an easier shortcut. Accustomed to taking shortcuts, they are even more reluctant to take the difficult but correct path.

According to the third quarterly report of 2021 disclosed by Renhe Pharmaceutical, in the first three quarters, the company’s R&D expenses were 42.76 million yuan, and its revenue was about 3.659 billion yuan. The proportion of R&D expenses in revenue was only 1.1%. According to the annual report of Renhe Pharmaceutical for nearly 4 years, its annual sales expenses are 14-26 times as much as R&D expenses. Renhe’s characteristics of "emphasizing marketing and neglecting research and development" are often criticized by the outside world.

However, this is not the problem of Renhe. According to the survey report of the consulting industry in China, the R&D expenditure of large international pharmaceutical companies generally accounts for 15%-20% of the total sales, while the R&D investment of domestic pharmaceutical companies accounts for only 2%-3% of the sales revenue on average.

03

Want to win by branding? I’m afraid not.

Although the road to OEM is easy, it is not once and for all.

Just like Antarctic people, they thought they could "win" by brand authorization, but these two years have not been easy.

Since July last year, the share price of Antarctic e-commerce has dropped from the highest point of 24.41 yuan to around 7 yuan today, and its market value has evaporated by nearly 40 billion yuan. According to its 2021 semi-annual report, in the first half of 2021, the net profit of Antarctic e-commerce attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 246 million yuan, down 42.85% year-on-year.

The OEM model is like a double-edged sword, which not only contributes a lot of profit to the enterprise, but also brings various negative problems to the brand, such as product quality, word of mouth and even false propaganda.

There are many complaints about branded products of pharmaceutical companies on the websites of Black Cat Complaint and 315 Consumer Protection Complaint. Most of the complaints revolve around "invalid products", "fake goods", "no refund" and "false propaganda".

Minibus searched Pinduoduo for a wound care ointment. According to the industry details page, this product comes from a national brand-Amendment. Its function is "scar removal without leaving any trace", and it has been put on record by the Drug Administration, with good safety effect.

The actual manufacturer of this ointment is "Jiangxi Bingshuangjiefu Industrial Co., Ltd.", which has no equity relationship with Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical and belongs to OEM products.

According to the record number "Ganzhang Machinery Equipment No.20190083" provided by it, the minibus made an inquiry on the website of National Medical Products Administration, and the record information showed: "This product is ointment. The contained components have no pharmacological effects. The ingredients contained cannot be absorbed by the human body. Non-sterile. "

The "intended use" item is blank.

The minibus inquired about other brands of scar-removing ointment of the same type, and the column of "expected use" said "suitable for inhibiting and relieving hyperplastic scars caused by burns, trauma, surgery and other reasons".

In other words, this ointment probably has no scar removal effect. If so, then this product has the problem of false propaganda.

04

How can you post it? Who is responsible for the problem?

Who should be responsible for the quality problems of OEM products? The minibus consulted Chang Dongyue, the director of Shanghai Law and Craftsman Law Firm, and he thought that once the branded goods had quality problems, the brand supplier was the direct responsible person, and the processor was also liable under normal circumstances. Moreover, this is based on the quality problems of legally produced products, and it is necessary to bear civil liability.

However, more and more enterprises don’t talk about "martial arts", and many enterprises alienate OEM into pure lending brands, which is very problematic without any quality supervision on quality. In this case, if the illegal production leads to extremely bad social consequences, the brand and producer of OEM products not only need to bear civil liability, but also need to bear administrative responsibility and even criminal responsibility.

Chang Dongyue also said that the safety of food and drugs is related to people’s right to health and even life. Quality problems may cause irreversible damage to the body, and no matter how strict the quality supervision of food and drugs is. Regrettably, although China’s Food Safety Law, Drug Administration Law and Product Quality Law all stipulate product quality responsibility, the sanctions for violating food and drug safety are still too light, so that the food and drug field in China is still not safe enough. In this regard, the United States and Japan’s practice of using heavy codes to control food and drug safety is quite good and worth learning.

Relying on legal sanctions is the last step. As an enterprise, it should be its duty to abide by the rules. How can have no martial ethics, a post it?

According to Shi Lichen, the founder and strategic marketing expert of Beijing Dingchen Management Consulting Co., Ltd., OEM is not illegal, and the key is how to continue to control quality while authorizing. Whether you are OEM or OEM, consumers only know that they are buying your brand. Pharmaceutical companies should pay special attention to quality, otherwise, as the authorized products become more and more miscellaneous, the quality can not be controlled, and finally the reputation of the main business will be affected, which will not be worth the candle.

05

Difficulties and new ways for pharmaceutical companies

The advantages and disadvantages of OEM mode are very clear, and it can easily make money, but it is difficult to control the quality and the brand is easily damaged. The reason is very simple. The question is, those old pharmaceutical companies that have spent a hundred years settling down should have cherished their feathers. Why are they addicted to OEM?

Shi Lichen explained the reasons behind it: in recent years, the competition in the pharmaceutical industry has been fierce, and the operating pressure of pharmaceutical companies has increased. The old pharmaceutical companies have to find a way out. First, solve the fundamental problems and increase investment in research and development; Second, based on its own cost advantage, to achieve economies of scale. But these two roads are not easy to walk.

"In contrast, the OEM business has almost no cost and high net profit, so those pharmaceutical companies with brand awareness and strong premium ability naturally embarked on this road."

From this point of view, it is difficult for the old pharmaceutical companies to embark on the road of OEM, but this is not a long-term solution after all. Is it possible to open up a new road?

There is indeed a new road that has emerged-the field of cross-border beauty cosmetics and daily chemicals for pharmaceutical companies.

With the strong growth of functional skin care products, pharmaceutical companies such as Renhe, Pien Tze Huang, Tongrentang, Ma Yinglong, Yunnan Baiyao, Panlong Yunhai, Dong ‘e Ejiao and Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical have all set foot in the cosmetic and daily chemical industry.

Pien Tze Huang disclosed the 2020 financial report, and the company achieved operating income of 6.511 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.78%; The net profit was 1.672 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 21.62%. Behind the growth, the cosmetics sector contributed a bit. Its holding subsidiary Fujian Pien Tze Huang Cosmetics Co., Ltd. achieved revenue of 611 million yuan, up 42.01% year-on-year, and net profit of 114 million yuan, up 41.23% year-on-year.

In July this year, Renhe Pharmaceutical announced that it planned to acquire 80% equity of seven cosmetics companies for 719 million yuan. One of them, Shenzhen Miura Natural Cosmetics, has been independently producing Renhe brand cosmetics, and some of the products distributed by the other six target companies come from this company.

In this regard, Shi Lichen analyzed that there is a huge Japanese industry called cosmeceuticals, which is not available in China, but we can make some functional cosmetics. Well-known pharmaceutical companies have natural advantages in making cosmetics across borders. For example, if brands can support the premium of products, they can get higher profit points. In addition, pharmaceutical companies themselves already have strong management teams, marketing teams and capital levels, which are not available to ordinary enterprises.

"The difference is nothing more than that some pharmaceutical companies, such as Renhe, have cultivated Renhe brand cosmetics related products through OEM before, and some products already have a certain market share, brand awareness and user base. At this time, it is logical to conduct mergers and acquisitions. Some pharmaceutical companies have had less involvement in this area before, so they may have to do it from scratch. "

In this way, pharmaceutical companies cross-border to make beauty cosmetics and daily chemical products. Originally, they just wanted to be a sideline through brand authorization. In the future, they may become one of their main businesses and gain new profit growth points by creating explosive IP products.

Author | Li Mengqing | Duty Editor | Zhang Wenlong

Editor | He Mengfei | Editor | Zheng Yuanmei | Tuyuan | vision china

Original title: "Old pharmaceutical companies learn from online celebrity brand. Have you ever bought such branded products? 》

Read the original text

　　The General Administration of Customs announced today (6th) that in the first half of this year, the national customs suspended the export to China of 144 food enterprises that suffered from the COVID-19 outbreak, and at the same time, returned or destroyed the risky imported food to prevent unqualified food from entering the country.

　　According to customs statistics, this year 1-mdash; In June, the national customs conducted a total of 1,098,700 samples of imported cold-chain food, animal and plant products for COVID-19 virus detection; A total of 27,114,400 imported cold-chain foods were supervised for preventive disinfection at ports.

　　Kong Xiaobang, Director of General Department of Import and Export Food Safety Bureau of General Administration of Customs:Since the outbreak of the epidemic, as of July 1st this year, we have randomly selected 296 overseas food enterprises in 60 countries and regions through remote video, and suspended the export of 144 overseas food enterprises with COVID-19 outbreak employees to China, effectively ensuring the safety of imported food in China.

　　At the same time, the customs strictly returns or destroys the imported food with risks to prevent unqualified food from entering the country. 1-mdash this year; In June, the national customs detected 1,070 batches of food that were not allowed to enter the country due to unqualified safety and hygiene items in port supervision, and all of them were returned or destroyed.

　　In addition, the customs has also enhanced the understanding of the safety of imported and exported food in various ways. Today, in addition to Hangzhou, other customs across the country have also launched the "National Food Safety Publicity Week" in 2021, with a variety of publicity, display and Q&A activities to publicize and interpret imported food safety and port food hygiene and safety laws and regulations to import and export enterprises and consumers, and strictly supervise imported food.

　　Zang Juan, Inspection Section of Qianjiang Customs Office in Yuhang, Hangzhou Customs:Consumers can first check whether the food is labeled or labeled in Chinese, and whether the product name, country of origin (region), ingredient list, production date and other information are marked on the label.

　　If there is no such Chinese label on imported food sold in the market, it can be regarded as an informal channel. Secondly, you can also ask the sellers for the Inspection and Quarantine Certificate of Entry Goods issued by the Customs or log on to the website of the General Administration of Customs to check whether the imported food meets the access requirements, so as to ensure that the imported food you buy is imported in compliance.

　　CCTV News:During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the maritime industry flourished, and colored gems and jade from various countries entered China with merchant ships. In the jewelry category exhibition being exhibited in Changsha Museum, about 300 pieces of collected treasures show the beauty of the blending of Chinese and Western cultures.

　　With the continuous development of navigation and trade, China is rich in precious stones and stored in by going up one flight of stairs. Jewelry inlay technology developed rapidly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This Ming Dynasty’s "gold inlaid with precious silk and five phoenix crowns" is very rich in decorative elements, including the flower shape of peony, dragons, phoenixes, butterflies and other forms of decoration, using a variety of complex techniques such as tired silk and hammering.

　　The continuous export of China’s artworks has also made westerners know and understand China culture. These two French cosmetic boxes, dating from about 1920, are rich in China elements in design.

　　Bronze decoration embodies the cultural characteristics of Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

　　At the special exhibition of Shang and Zhou cultural relics on display in Tianjin Museum, more than 150 pieces (sets) of Oracle bones, bronzes and other cultural relics provide important clues for studying the origin of Chinese civilization.

　　The typical animal face pattern in Shang bronzes is the reorganization and deformation of many animals based on people’s imagination. All kinds of animal-faced tripod in the exhibition reflect the reverence and worship of nature by the ancestors of Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

　　Cicada pattern is also a common animal pattern decoration on bronzes, which means it is high in food and dew, clean and valuable. This cicada-patterned tripod in the late Shang Dynasty has a complicated craft, which embodies the exquisite skills of ancient craftsmen.

　　Zhaoji civilization sees the origin of Chinese characters from cultural relics

　　Through this special exhibition, we can learn about the history and culture of that period from the Oracle bones and bronzes with inscriptions.

　　The word "China" combined together first appeared on the bronze ware "He Zun" more than 3,000 years ago. In fact, the earliest Chinese characters "Zhong" and "Guo" can also be found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty.

　　Oracle Bone Inscriptions can not only reflect the political and military situation at that time, but also reflect the ecological environment at that time. From the Oracle inscriptions carved on this piece of Oracle bones, we can see that the Central Plains at that time had traces of elephant survival and reproduction.

　　In Shang dynasty, people not only carved words on Oracle bones, but also wrote on wooden slips and silks with brush. Although it is no longer possible to see the Shang dynasty classics written with a brush, the inscriptions on bronzes basically retain the form of brush writing. In the inscription of Xin Ding, the father of the Shang Dynasty, we can intuitively see the trace of the writing of the word "father" with a brush.

　　Catalogue

　　Foreword

　　First, take the road of high-quality energy development in the new era

　　(A) the new strategy of energy security

　　(B) the new era of energy policy ideas

　　II. Historic achievements have been made in energy development

　　(A) the ability to ensure energy supply has been continuously enhanced.

　　(B) Energy conservation and consumption structure optimization have achieved remarkable results.

　　(3) The level of energy science and technology has improved rapidly.

　　(4) The friendliness between energy and ecological environment has been significantly improved.

　　(V) The energy governance mechanism has been continuously improved.

　　(VI) Energy benefits the people with fruitful results.

　　Third, comprehensively promote the transformation of energy consumption patterns

　　(A) the implementation of dual control of energy consumption.

　　(2) Improve the energy-saving laws, regulations and standards system.

　　(C) Improve energy-saving and low-carbon incentive policies

　　(4) Improve the energy efficiency level in key areas.

　　(5) Promote the cleanness of terminal energy consumption.

　　Fourth, building a diversified and clean energy supply system

　　(A) giving priority to the development of non-fossil energy.

　　(2) Clean and efficient development and utilization of fossil energy.

　　(3) Strengthen the construction of energy storage, transportation and peak shaving system.

　　(D) Support energy development in rural and poverty-stricken areas.

　　Fifth, give play to the role of scientific and technological innovation as the first driving force

　　(A) improve the top-level design of energy science and technology innovation policy

　　(2) Building a diversified and multi-level energy science and technology innovation platform

　　(3) Carry out collaborative scientific and technological innovation in major energy fields.

　　(D) relying on major energy projects to improve the level of energy technology and equipment.

　　(V) Support the development of new technologies, new models and new formats.

　　Sixth, comprehensively deepen the reform of the energy system

　　(A) to build an effective competitive energy market

　　(2) Improve the mechanism that energy prices are mainly determined by the market.

　　(3) Innovative scientific energy management and optimized services

　　(4) Improve the energy legal system.

　　Vii. strengthening international cooperation in energy in all directions

　　(1) Continue to deepen the opening up of the energy sector.

　　(2) Efforts will be made to promote the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" energy cooperation

　　(3) Actively participate in global energy governance.

　　(D) Work together to address global climate change

　　(E) China’s proposition of jointly promoting the sustainable development of global energy.

　　Concluding remarks

　　Foreword

　　Energy is the foundation and motive force of human civilization and progress, which is related to the national economy, people’s livelihood and national security, human survival and development, and is of vital importance to promoting economic and social development and enhancing people’s well-being.

　　Since the founding of New China, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, China has gradually built a relatively complete energy industry system through self-reliance and hard work. Since the reform and opening up, China has adapted to the needs of rapid economic and social development, promoted comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable energy development, and become the largest energy producer and consumer in the world and the country with the fastest improvement in energy utilization efficiency.

　　Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the development of China has entered a new era, and the energy development of China has also entered a new era. The new energy security strategy of "four revolutions and one cooperation" put forward by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader has pointed out the direction for China’s energy development in the new era and opened up a new road for China’s characteristic energy development. China adheres to the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, with the theme of promoting high-quality development and the main line of deepening supply-side structural reform, comprehensively promotes the reform of energy consumption mode, builds a diversified and clean energy supply system, implements the innovation-driven development strategy, continuously deepens the reform of energy system, and continuously promotes international cooperation in the energy field, so that China’s energy has entered a new stage of high-quality development.

　　Ecological prosperity leads to civilized prosperity. Facing the increasingly serious global problems such as climate change, environmental risk challenges and energy resource constraints, China has established the concept of a community of human destiny, promoted the overall green transformation of economic and social development, actively participated in global energy governance while striving to promote the clean and low-carbon development of its own energy, and worked with other countries to seek a new way to accelerate the sustainable development of global energy. At the general debate of the 75th United Nations General Assembly, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader announced that China will enhance its national independent contribution, adopt more effective policies and measures, and strive to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. China’s energy development in the new era provides strong support for China’s sustained and healthy economic and social development, and also makes positive contributions to safeguarding world energy security, coping with global climate change and promoting world economic growth.

　　In order to introduce China’s achievements in energy development in the new era and comprehensively expound China’s major policies and major measures to promote energy revolution, this white paper is issued.

　　First, take the road of high-quality energy development in the new era

　　China’s energy development in the new era actively adapts to the new development and new requirements of the domestic and international situation, unswervingly follows a new path of quality development, better serves economic and social development, better serves the construction of beautiful China and healthy China, and better promotes the construction of a clean and beautiful world.

　　(A) the new strategy of energy security

　　China’s energy development in the new era will implement the new energy security strategy of "four revolutions and one cooperation".

　　— — Promote the energy consumption revolution and curb unreasonable energy consumption. Adhere to the principle of giving priority to energy conservation, improve the management of total energy consumption, strengthen the control of energy consumption intensity, and make energy conservation run through the whole process of economic and social development and all fields. Firmly adjust the industrial structure, attach great importance to urbanization and energy conservation, and promote the formation of a green and low-carbon transportation system. Advocate the concept of thrift in the whole society, cultivate a production and lifestyle that saves energy and uses green energy, and accelerate the formation of an energy-saving society.

　　— — Promote the energy supply revolution and establish a diversified supply system. Adhere to the green development orientation, vigorously promote the clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, give priority to the development of renewable energy, develop nuclear power in a safe and orderly manner, and accelerate the increase of the proportion of non-fossil energy in energy supply. Vigorously promote oil and gas exploration and development, and promote oil and gas storage and production. We will promote the construction of coal, electricity, oil and gas production, supply, storage and marketing systems, improve energy transmission networks and storage facilities, improve the emergency system for energy storage, transportation and peak shaving, and continuously improve the quality and security of energy supply.

　　— — Promote the energy technology revolution and promote industrial upgrading. We will further implement the innovation-driven development strategy, build a green energy technology innovation system, and comprehensively improve the level of energy technology and equipment. Strengthen basic research in the energy field, as well as common and subversive technological innovations, and strengthen original and integrated innovations. Efforts will be made to promote the integration and innovation of digitalization, big data, artificial intelligence technology and clean and efficient energy development and utilization technology, vigorously develop smart energy technology, and cultivate energy technology and its related industries into new growth points that drive industrial upgrading.

　　— — Promote the energy system revolution and open up the fast lane of energy development. Unswervingly promote the market-oriented reform in the energy field, restore the attributes of energy commodities, and form a unified, open and competitive energy market. Promote the reform of energy prices and form a mechanism in which energy prices are mainly determined by the market. Improve the energy legal system, innovate the scientific management mode of energy, promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, strengthen planning and policy guidance, and improve the industry supervision system.

　　— — Strengthen international cooperation in all directions to achieve energy security under open conditions. Adhere to the principles of mutual benefit, equality and reciprocity, expand opening up in an all-round way and actively integrate into the world. Promote the green and sustainable development of the "Belt and Road" energy and promote the interconnection of energy infrastructure. Actively participate in global energy governance, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in the energy field, smooth international trade in energy, promote the facilitation of energy investment, jointly build a new pattern of international cooperation in energy, and safeguard the stability and common security of the global energy market.

　　(B) the new era of energy policy ideas

　　— — Adhere to the people as the center. Firmly establish the concept of energy development for the people, relying on the people and serving the people, take ensuring and improving the energy consumption of people’s livelihood and the energy consumption of poor people as the priority goal of energy development, strengthen the construction of energy and people’s livelihood infrastructure and public service capacity, and improve the universal service level of energy. Combine the promotion of energy development with tackling poverty, implement energy poverty alleviation projects, and give play to the basic role of energy infrastructure and energy supply services in poverty alleviation.

　　— — Adhere to the clean and low-carbon orientation. Establish the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, take clean and low carbon as the leading direction of energy development, promote green energy production and consumption, optimize energy production layout and consumption structure, accelerate the increase of the proportion of clean energy and non-fossil energy consumption, greatly reduce the intensity of carbon dioxide emission and pollutant emission level, accelerate the transformation of green and low carbon energy, and build a beautiful China.

　　— — Adhere to the core position of innovation. Take improving the level of energy science and technology as the breakthrough of energy transformation and development, accelerate the pace of independent innovation of energy science and technology, strengthen the national energy strategic scientific and technological strength, give full play to the main role of enterprise technological innovation, promote the deep integration of Industry-University-Research, and promote the transformation of energy technology from introduction to independent innovation, so as to form an integrated innovation with upstream and downstream linkage of energy science and technology innovation and a collaborative technology development model of the whole industry chain.

　　— — Insist on promoting development through reform. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, further promote the market-oriented reform of competitive links in the energy industry, give play to the role of the market mechanism, and build a high-standard energy market system. Strengthen the guiding role of energy development strategy and planning, improve the energy legal system and industry-wide supervision system, further improve the fiscal and taxation financial system that supports the green and low-carbon transformation of energy, release the vitality of energy development, and provide support for high-quality energy development.

　　— — Persist in promoting the building of a community of human destiny. In the face of the increasingly severe global climate change situation, we should establish a sense of community of human destiny, deepen global energy governance cooperation, accelerate a new round of energy reform oriented to clean and low carbon, jointly promote the sustainable development of global energy and build a clean and beautiful world.

　　II. Historic achievements have been made in energy development

　　China unswervingly pushes forward the energy revolution, with major changes in energy production and utilization, and historic achievements in energy development. The structure of energy production and consumption has been continuously optimized, the efficiency of energy utilization has been significantly improved, the conditions for energy use in production and life have been significantly improved, and the ability of energy security has been continuously enhanced, which has provided important support for the high-quality development of the service economy, winning the battle against poverty and building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　(A) the ability to ensure energy supply has been continuously enhanced.

　　An energy production system driven by coal, oil, gas, electricity, nuclear energy, new energy and renewable energy has basically been formed. According to preliminary calculation, the total primary energy production in China in 2019 reached 3.97 billion tons of standard coal, making it the largest energy producer in the world. Coal is still the basic energy to ensure energy supply, and the annual output of raw coal has remained at 3.41 billion-&mdash since 2012; 3.97 billion tons. Strive to maintain the stability of crude oil production, and the annual output of crude oil has remained at 190 million-&mdash since 2012; 210 million tons. Natural gas production has increased significantly, from 110.6 billion cubic meters in 2012 to 176.2 billion cubic meters in 2019. The power supply capacity has been continuously enhanced, with a cumulative installed power generation capacity of 2.01 billion kilowatts. In 2019, the power generation capacity was 7.5 trillion kWh, up 75% and 50% respectively compared with 2012. The scale of development and utilization of renewable energy has expanded rapidly, and the cumulative installed capacity of hydropower, wind power and photovoltaic power generation ranks first in the world. By the end of 2019, the installed capacity of nuclear power under construction was 65.93 million kilowatts, ranking second in the world, and the installed capacity of nuclear power under construction ranked first in the world.

　　The energy transmission capacity has been significantly improved. More than 87,000 kilometers of natural gas trunk pipelines, 55,000 kilometers of oil trunk pipelines and 302,000 kilometers of transmission lines of 3.30 kV and above have been built. (See Figure 1)

　　The energy reserve system has been continuously improved. Nine national oil reserve bases have been built, the construction of natural gas production, supply, storage and marketing system has achieved initial results, the coordinated support system for coal production and transportation has been gradually improved, the safe and stable operation of electric power has reached the world advanced level, and the comprehensive emergency support capability of energy has been significantly enhanced. (See Box 1)

　　(B) Energy conservation and consumption structure optimization have achieved remarkable results.

　　The efficiency of energy utilization has been significantly improved. Since 2012, energy consumption per unit of GDP has decreased by 24.4%, which is equivalent to reducing energy consumption by 1.27 billion tons of standard coal. From 2012 to 2019, an average annual growth of 2.8% in energy consumption supported an average annual growth of 7% in the national economy.

　　The energy consumption structure is changing to clean and low carbon. According to preliminary accounting, coal consumption accounted for 57.7% of the total energy consumption in 2019, 10.8 percentage points lower than that in 2012; The consumption of clean energy such as natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power and wind power accounted for 23.4% of the total energy consumption, an increase of 8.9 percentage points over 2012; Non-fossil energy accounts for 15.3% of the total energy consumption, 5.6 percentage points higher than that in 2012, and the goal of non-fossil energy consumption reaching about 15% by 2020 has been achieved ahead of schedule. New energy vehicles have developed rapidly. In 2019, the number of new vehicles and the number of new vehicles reached 1.2 million and 3.8 million respectively, accounting for more than half of the global total; By the end of 2019, there were 1.2 million electric vehicle charging infrastructures in China, and the world’s largest charging network was built, which effectively promoted the improvement of energy efficiency in the transportation field and the optimization of energy consumption structure. (See Figure 2)

　　(3) The level of energy science and technology has improved rapidly.

　　We will continue to promote energy science and technology innovation, and the level of energy technology will continue to improve. Technological progress has become the basic force to promote the dynamic change of energy development. Establish a complete manufacturing industrial chain of clean energy equipment such as hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and solar power generation, successfully develop and manufacture the world’s largest hydropower unit with a single unit capacity of 1 million kilowatts, and have the manufacturing capacity of a full range of wind turbines with a maximum single unit capacity of 10 MW, constantly refreshing the world record of photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency. A number of nuclear power plants with advanced third-generation technologies have been built, and many nuclear energy utilization technologies such as new-generation nuclear power and small reactors have made significant breakthroughs. The technical ability of oil and gas exploration and development has been continuously improved, and technologies such as efficient development of low-permeability crude oil and heavy oil and new-generation compound chemical flooding are leading the world. The technology and equipment level of shale oil and gas exploration and development have been greatly improved, and the natural gas hydrate test has been successfully adopted. Develop green, efficient and intelligent coal mining technology, the mechanization degree of coal mining in large coal mines reaches 98%, and master the industrialization technology of coal-to-oil gas. Build the largest, safe and reliable power grid in the world, and the reliability of power supply ranks among the top in the world. A large number of new energy technologies, models and formats such as "internet plus" smart energy, energy storage, blockchain and comprehensive energy services are booming.

　　(4) The friendliness between energy and ecological environment has been significantly improved.

　　China regards promoting the green development of energy as an important measure to promote the construction of ecological civilization, and resolutely fights the tough battle of pollution prevention and control and wins the battle of defending the blue sky. The level of clean coal mining and utilization has been greatly improved, and remarkable achievements have been made in the treatment of coal mining subsidence areas and the construction of green mines. Implement the revised Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, and intensify the prevention and control of coal-burning and other energy pollution. Promote the implementation of coal equivalent or reduced substitution in new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects in key areas of national air pollution prevention and control. The green development of energy has significantly promoted the improvement of air quality, and the emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and soot have dropped significantly. The green development of energy plays an important role in the reduction of carbon emission intensity. In 2019, the carbon emission intensity decreased by 48.1% compared with 2005, which was 40% lower than that in 2020 & mdash; The goal of 45% has reversed the rapid growth of carbon dioxide emissions. (See Box 2)

　　(V) The energy governance mechanism has been continuously improved.

　　Comprehensively improve the level of marketization in the energy sector, continuously optimize the business environment, significantly enhance market vitality, and make it more convenient for market players and people to do business. Further relax the market access of foreign capital in the energy sector, private investment continues to grow, and investment entities are more diversified. The power generation and consumption plan was released in an orderly manner, trading institutions operated independently and standardized, and the power market construction was further promoted. We will accelerate the liberalization of oil and gas exploration and exploitation market, the transfer of mining rights, the reform of pipeline network operation mechanism, and the dynamic management of crude oil imports, and improve the construction of oil and gas trading centers. Promote the marketization of energy prices, further liberalize the price of competitive links, and initially establish a scientific pricing system for power and oil and gas network links. Work together to promote energy reform and the rule of law, and constantly improve the energy legal system. An energy governance mechanism covering strategy, planning, policies, standards, supervision and services has basically taken shape.

　　(VI) Energy benefits the people with fruitful results.

　　Taking safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood as the fundamental starting point of energy development, ensuring urban and rural residents to obtain basic energy supply and services, and playing the role of basic guarantee of energy supply in building a well-off society in an all-round way and revitalizing rural areas. From 2016 to 2019, the total investment in the renovation and upgrading of rural power grids reached 830 billion yuan, the average power outage time in rural areas was reduced to about 15 hours, and the electricity consumption conditions of rural residents were significantly improved. From 2013 to 2015, we will implement the action plan to solve the problem of electricity consumption for the population without electricity, and complete the historic task of providing electricity for all the population by the end of 2015. The implementation of photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects and other energy poverty alleviation projects, giving priority to the layout of energy development projects in poverty-stricken areas, and the implementation of energy benefit projects have promoted the economic development of poverty-stricken areas and increased the income of poor people. Improve the infrastructure construction of natural gas utilization, expand the supply area of natural gas, and improve the gas security capacity of people’s livelihood. Significant progress has been made in clean heating in the northern region, which has improved the energy consumption conditions and living environment of urban and rural residents. By the end of 2019, the clean heating area in the northern region reached 11.6 billion square meters, an increase of 5.1 billion square meters over 2016. (See Figure 3)

　　Third, comprehensively promote the transformation of energy consumption patterns

　　Adhere to the basic national policy of saving resources and protecting the environment, adhere to the principle of giving priority to energy conservation, establish the concept that energy conservation means increasing resources, reducing pollution and benefiting mankind, and put energy conservation throughout the whole process of economic and social development and in all fields.

　　(A) the implementation of dual control of energy consumption.

　　The total energy consumption and intensity of dual control, according to the administrative regions of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, set the total energy consumption and intensity control targets, and supervise and evaluate local governments at all levels. Incorporate energy-saving indicators into performance evaluation index systems such as ecological civilization and green development, and guide the transformation of development concepts. Decompose energy consumption dual control targets for key energy-using units, carry out target responsibility evaluation and assessment, and promote key energy-using units to strengthen energy-saving management.

　　(2) Improve the energy-saving laws, regulations and standards system.

　　Revise and implement the Energy Conservation Law, establish and improve energy conservation systems in key areas such as industry, construction and transportation, and public institutions, and improve supporting legal systems such as energy conservation supervision, energy efficiency labeling, energy conservation review of fixed assets investment projects, and energy conservation management of key energy-using units. Strengthen the leading role of standards, improve the energy-saving standard system, implement 100 energy efficiency standards promotion projects, issue and implement more than 340 national energy-saving standards, including nearly 200 mandatory standards, and achieve full coverage of major energy-intensive industries and end-use products. Strengthen the supervision of energy-saving law enforcement, strengthen the supervision after the event, strictly enforce the accountability, and ensure the effective implementation of energy-saving laws, regulations and mandatory standards.

　　(C) Improve energy-saving and low-carbon incentive policies

　　We will implement preferential policies of enterprise income tax and value-added tax to promote energy conservation. Encourage the import of advanced energy-saving technologies and equipment, and control the export of products with high energy consumption and heavy pollution. Improve the green financial system and support energy-saving projects by using energy-efficient credit and green bonds. Innovate and improve the price mechanism to promote green development, implement differential electricity price, peak-valley time-of-use electricity price, ladder electricity price, ladder gas price, etc., improve the environmental protection electricity price policy, and mobilize the enthusiasm of market participants and residents for energy conservation. Pilot projects for paid use and trading of energy rights will be carried out in four provinces and cities such as Zhejiang, and pilot projects for trading of carbon emission rights will be carried out in seven provinces and cities such as Beijing. Vigorously promote contract energy management, encourage innovation in energy-saving technologies and business models, and develop comprehensive energy services. Strengthen the power demand side management, implement the market-oriented mechanism of power demand side response, and guide the economical, orderly and rational use of electricity. Establish an energy efficiency "leader" system, and promote end-use products, high-energy-consuming industries and public institutions to improve energy efficiency.

　　(4) Improve the energy efficiency level in key areas.

　　Actively optimize the industrial structure, vigorously develop advanced manufacturing, high-tech industries and modern service industries with low energy consumption, and promote the intelligent and clean transformation of traditional industries. Promote industrial green recycling and low-carbon transformation and upgrading, fully implement green manufacturing, establish and improve energy-saving supervision and law enforcement and energy-saving diagnostic service mechanisms, and carry out energy efficiency benchmarking. Improve the energy efficiency standards of new buildings, deepen the energy efficiency transformation of existing buildings, and optimize the energy consumption structure of buildings. Build an energy-saving and efficient comprehensive transportation system, promote the cleanliness of transportation energy, and improve the energy efficiency of transportation tools. We will build a conservation-oriented public institution in an all-round way and promote public institutions to set an example for the energy-saving work of the whole society. Build a market-oriented green technology innovation system and promote the research, development, transformation and popularization of green technology. Promote national key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies, industrial energy-saving technologies and equipment, and key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies in the transportation industry. Promote energy conservation for all, guide the establishment of a frugal consumption concept, advocate a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, and oppose extravagance and waste and unreasonable consumption. (See Box 3)

　　(5) Promote the cleanness of terminal energy consumption.

　　Focusing on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Fenwei Plain, we will implement coal consumption reduction substitution and comprehensive management of loose coal, promote clean and efficient coal-fired boilers, and promote the use of natural gas, electricity and renewable energy to replace inefficient and highly polluting coal. Formulate financial and price support policies, actively promote clean heating in winter in the northern region, and promote the improvement of atmospheric environmental quality. We will promote the substitution of electricity for coal and oil in the field of terminal energy use, and promote new energy consumption methods such as new energy vehicles, heat pumps and electric kilns. Strengthen the construction and interconnection of natural gas infrastructure and promote the efficient use of natural gas in urban gas, industrial fuel, gas-fired power generation, transportation and other fields. Vigorously promote the energy supply mode of natural gas cogeneration, promote the development of distributed renewable energy, and promote multi-energy coordination and comprehensive cascade utilization of energy in the field of terminal energy use. (See Box 4)

　　Fourth, building a diversified and clean energy supply system

　　Based on the basic national conditions and development stages, we should establish the orientation of ecological priority and green development, adhere to development in protection and protection in development, deepen the structural reform of energy supply side, give priority to the development of non-fossil energy, promote the clean and efficient development and utilization of fossil energy, improve the peak-shaving system of energy storage and transportation, and promote the coordinated development of regional multi-energy.

　　(A) giving priority to the development of non-fossil energy.

　　The development and utilization of non-fossil energy is the main way to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of energy. China gives priority to non-fossil energy, and vigorously promotes low-carbon energy to replace high-carbon energy and renewable energy to replace fossil energy.

　　Promote the diversified use of solar energy. In accordance with the principles of technological progress, cost reduction, market expansion and system improvement, we will comprehensively promote the multi-mode and diversified utilization of solar energy. Coordinate the layout and market consumption of photovoltaic power generation, carry out photovoltaic power generation construction in a centralized and distributed way, implement the "leader" plan of photovoltaic power generation, allocate projects by market competition, and accelerate the technological progress and cost reduction of photovoltaic power generation. Photovoltaic industry has become an advantageous industry with international competitiveness. Improve the service mechanism such as grid access for distributed application of photovoltaic power generation, promote the comprehensive development of photovoltaic, agriculture, aquaculture and sand control, and form a diversified photovoltaic power generation development model. Promote the industrialization development of solar thermal power generation through the construction of demonstration projects, and provide market support for the development of related industrial chains. We will promote the continuous expansion of market fields and utilization modes of solar thermal utilization, promote centralized hot water engineering in the fields of industry, commerce and public services, and carry out pilot projects in solar energy heating.

　　Comprehensively coordinate and promote wind power development. In accordance with the principles of overall planning, simultaneous distribution, land and sea development and effective utilization, the development and utilization of wind power and the construction of large-scale wind power bases will be promoted in an orderly manner on the premise of connecting wind power development with power transmission and market consumption. Actively develop scattered wind energy resources in the central and eastern regions. Actively and steadily develop offshore wind power. Give priority to the development of affordable wind power projects and implement market-oriented competition to allocate wind power projects. The large-scale development and utilization of wind power will promote the development of wind power manufacturing industry, the innovation ability and international competitiveness of wind power manufacturing industry will be continuously improved, and the industrial service system will be gradually improved.

　　Promote the green development of hydropower. Adhere to ecological priority and green development, promote hydropower development in a scientific and orderly manner on the premise of ecological environment protection and resettlement, and pay equal attention to development and protection, construction and management. Focusing on major rivers in southwest China, we will promote the construction of large-scale hydropower bases in the basin in an orderly manner and reasonably control the development of small and medium-sized hydropower. Promote the green development of small hydropower, increase financial investment in the implementation of river ecological restoration, and promote the ecological health of rivers. We will improve the benefit-sharing policy for migrants in hydropower development, persist in hydropower development to promote local economic and social development and help migrants get rid of poverty and become rich, and strive to "develop one side’s resources, develop one side’s economy, improve one side’s environment and benefit one side’s people".

　　Safe and orderly development of nuclear power. China regards nuclear safety as the lifeline of nuclear power development, insists on paying equal attention to development and safety, implements the policy of safe and orderly development of nuclear power, strengthens the management and supervision of nuclear power planning, site selection, design, construction, operation and decommissioning, and insists on adopting the most advanced technology and the most stringent standards to develop nuclear power. We will improve the multi-level nuclear energy and nuclear safety regulations and standards system, strengthen the construction of nuclear emergency plans and legal systems, systems and mechanisms, and form a national nuclear emergency response capability system that effectively responds to nuclear accidents. Strengthen nuclear security and control of nuclear materials, strictly fulfill international obligations of nuclear security and nuclear non-proliferation, and always maintain a good nuclear security record. Up to now, the overall safety status of nuclear power units in operation is good, and there have been no incidents or accidents with international nuclear event classification level 2 or above.

　　Develop biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy according to local conditions. Adopt advanced technologies that meet environmental protection standards to develop municipal solid waste incineration power generation, and promote the transformation and upgrading of biomass power generation to cogeneration. Actively promote the development of biogas industrialization and the transformation and upgrading of rural biogas. Adhere to the principle of not competing with people for grain and land, strictly control the expansion of fuel ethanol processing capacity, focus on improving the quality of biodiesel products, and promote the industrial development of non-grain bio-liquid fuel technology. Innovate the development and utilization mode of geothermal energy, carry out central heating in geothermal energy towns, build a demonstration zone for efficient development and utilization of geothermal energy, and carry out geothermal power generation in an orderly manner. Actively promote the research and development and demonstration application of ocean energy technologies such as tidal current energy and wave energy.

　　Comprehensively improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. We will improve the full-guaranteed acquisition system for renewable energy power generation. Implement the clean energy consumption action plan and take measures to promote the use of clean energy. Improve the overall coordination of power planning, optimize the power supply structure and layout, give full play to the market regulation function, form an institutional mechanism conducive to the utilization of renewable energy, and comprehensively improve the flexibility and regulation ability of the power system. The implementation of renewable energy power consumption guarantee mechanism, the administrative regions of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall determine the minimum proportion of renewable energy in power consumption on an annual basis, and require power sales enterprises and power users to jointly fulfill the responsibility of renewable energy power consumption. Give play to the role of power grid as a platform for optimizing resource allocation, promote the interaction and coordination between source, grid and storage, and improve the assessment and supervision mechanism for renewable energy consumption. The utilization rate of renewable energy power has improved significantly. In 2019, the national average utilization rate of wind power reached 96%, the utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation reached 98%, and the utilization rate of hydropower in major river basins reached 96%. (See Box 5)

　　(2) Clean and efficient development and utilization of fossil energy.

　　According to the domestic resource endowment, based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, we will coordinate the development and utilization of fossil energy and ecological environment protection, develop advanced production capacity in an orderly manner, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, promote the clean and efficient utilization of coal, enhance the exploration and development of oil and gas, promote the increase of reserves and production, and improve the self-sufficiency of oil and gas.

　　Promote the safe, intelligent and green development and utilization of coal. Strive to build an intensive, safe, efficient and clean coal industry system. We will promote the structural reform of the coal supply side, improve the coal production capacity replacement policy, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, release high-quality production capacity in an orderly manner, greatly optimize the coal development layout and production capacity structure, and make large modern coal mines the main body of coal production. From 2016 to 2019, the backward coal production capacity has been withdrawn by more than 900 million tons/year. Increase investment in safety production, improve the long-term mechanism of safety production, speed up the construction of mechanization, automation, informationization and intelligence in coal mines, and comprehensively improve the safety production efficiency and safety guarantee level of coal mines. Promote the green mining and transformation of large coal bases, develop coal washing and processing, develop circular economy in mining areas, strengthen ecological environment management in mining areas, build a number of green mines, and comprehensively improve the level of comprehensive utilization of resources. The implementation of clean and efficient utilization of coal has further increased the proportion of power generation in coal consumption. Positive progress has been made in the industrialization demonstration of coal deep processing, such as coal-to-oil gas and low-rank coal utilization.

　　Clean and efficient development of thermal power. Adhere to the principle of cleanliness and high efficiency and develop thermal power. Promote the optimization of coal-fired power distribution and technical upgrading, and actively and steadily resolve the excess capacity of coal-fired power. Establish and improve the risk early warning mechanism of coal-fired power planning and construction, strictly control coal-fired power planning and construction, and accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity. By the end of 2019, the backward production capacity of coal-fired power has been eliminated by more than 100 million kilowatts, and the proportion of coal-fired power installed capacity in total power generation has dropped from 65.7% in 2012 to 52% in 2019. We will upgrade and transform coal-fired power plants to save energy and reduce emissions, and implement stricter energy efficiency and environmental protection standards. The power generation efficiency and pollutant emission control of coal-fired generating units have reached the world advanced level. Reasonable layout and moderate development of natural gas power generation, encourage the construction of natural gas peak-shaving power stations in power load centers, and improve the level of power system security.

　　Improve natural gas production capacity. Strengthen basic geological survey and resource evaluation, strengthen scientific and technological innovation and industrial support, promote the increase of conventional natural gas production, focus on breaking through the exploration and development of unconventional natural gas such as shale gas and coalbed methane, promote the large-scale development of shale gas, and increase domestic natural gas supply. Improve the policy system of unconventional natural gas industry and promote the development and utilization of shale gas and coalbed methane. Focusing on Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin and Tarim Basin, several natural gas production bases of 10 billion cubic meters will be built. Since 2017, the annual natural gas production has exceeded 10 billion cubic meters. (See Box 6)

　　Improve the level of petroleum exploration, development and processing. Strengthen domestic exploration and development, deepen the reform of system and mechanism, promote scientific research and development and the application of new technologies, intensify the exploration and development of low-grade resources, and promote the increase of crude oil reserves and production. Develop advanced oil recovery technology, improve crude oil recovery, and stabilize the output of old oil fields in the east, such as Songliao Basin and Bohai Bay Basin. Focusing on Xinjiang and Ordos basin, we will promote new oil fields in the west to increase reserves and increase production. Strengthen offshore oil and gas exploration and development in Bohai Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea, and promote deep-sea foreign cooperation. In 2019, the output of offshore oil fields will be about 40 million tons. Promote the transformation and upgrading of the refining industry. Implement the upgrading of refined oil quality, improve fuel quality, and promote the reduction of vehicle exhaust pollutant emissions.

　　(3) Strengthen the construction of energy storage, transportation and peak shaving system.

　　Coordinate the development of various energy transportation modes of coal, electricity, oil and gas, build an interconnected transmission and distribution network, build a stable and reliable peak-shaving system for storage and transportation, and enhance emergency support capabilities.

　　Strengthen the construction of energy transmission and distribution network. We will continue to strengthen the construction of trans-provincial and trans-regional backbone energy transmission channels, enhance the accessibility between major energy producing areas and major consumption areas, and promote the complementary and coordinated development of regional advantages. Improve the transportation capacity of the existing railway coal transportation special line, and continuously improve the railway transportation ratio and coal transportation efficiency. Promote the interconnection of natural gas trunk pipelines with provincial pipeline networks, lng terminal and gas storage, speed up the construction of "one national network", and initially form a flexible, safe and reliable natural gas transportation system. We will steadily promote the construction of trans-provincial and trans-regional transmission channels and expand the scope of clean energy allocation in northwest, north, northeast and southwest regions. Improve the main grid of regional power grid and strengthen the construction of provincial internal power grid. Carry out the construction of flexible DC transmission demonstration projects, actively build energy internet, and promote the construction of a safe and reliable power system with reasonable scale, stratification and zoning.

　　Improve the emergency system of energy reserves. Establish an energy reserve system that combines national reserves with enterprise reserves, strategic reserves with commercial reserves, and improve the reserve capacity of oil, natural gas and coal. Improve the national oil reserve system and speed up the construction of oil reserve bases. Establish and improve the multi-level natural gas storage and peak regulation system of local governments, gas supply enterprises, pipeline transportation enterprises and urban gas enterprises. Improve the coal reserve system with corporate social responsibility reserve as the main body and local government reserve as the supplement. Improve the national emergency mechanism for large-scale power outages, and comprehensively improve the reliability of power supply and emergency support capabilities. Establish and improve the transmission and distribution guarantee system that matches the energy reserve capacity, build a standardized system of purchasing, storage, rotation and utilization, and improve the supervision mechanism for decision-making.

　　Improve the energy peaking system. Adhere to both the supply side and the demand side, improve the market mechanism, strengthen technical support, enhance the peak shaving ability, and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the energy system. Accelerate the construction of pumped storage power stations, rationally arrange natural gas peak-shaving power stations, implement the flexible transformation of existing coal-fired cogeneration units and coal-fired power units, improve the peak-shaving performance of power systems, and promote the consumption of clean energy. Promote the coordinated and optimized operation of energy storage, new energy power generation and power system, and carry out peak-shaving pilot projects such as electrochemical energy storage. Promote the construction of natural gas storage and peak-shaving facilities, improve the market-oriented mechanism of natural gas storage and peak-shaving auxiliary services, and enhance the peak-shaving capacity of natural gas. Improve electricity and gas price policies, guide power and natural gas users to participate in peak shaving and peak shifting independently, and improve demand-side response. Improve the interruptible and adjustable management system of power and natural gas load, and tap the demand side potential.

　　(D) Support energy development in rural and poverty-stricken areas.

　　Implement the rural revitalization strategy, improve the level of rural life energy security, and let rural residents have more real sense of acquisition, happiness and security.

　　Accelerate the improvement of rural energy infrastructure. Making electricity available to all is the basic condition for building a well-off society in an all-round way. We implemented a three-year action plan to comprehensively solve the problem of people without electricity, and by the end of 2015, the problem of electricity consumption for people without electricity was completely solved. China attaches great importance to the transformation and upgrading of rural power grid, and strives to fill the shortcomings of rural power grid development. We will implement special projects to upgrade the rural power grid in central villages of small towns, electrify wells in plain rural areas and connect poor villages with power and electricity. Since 2018, we will focus on promoting the transformation and upgrading of rural power grids in deep poverty-stricken areas and border villages. Accelerate the construction of natural gas branch pipeline network and infrastructure, and expand the coverage of pipeline network. Promote the construction of liquefied natural gas, compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas supply outlets in areas not covered by natural gas pipeline network, develop and utilize renewable energy according to local conditions, and improve rural energy supply conditions.

　　Accurately implement energy poverty alleviation projects. Energy is not only the driving force of economic development, but also an important support for poverty alleviation. China rationally develops and utilizes energy resources in poverty-stricken areas, actively promotes the construction of major energy projects in poverty-stricken areas, enhances their own hematopoietic capacity, and adds new momentum to economic development in poverty-stricken areas. Priority will be given to energy development projects in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas, and clean power delivery bases will be built, making important contributions to the economic growth of the region. In the development and construction of hydropower, a sustainable development model of "moving out, staying steady and getting rich" has been formed for reservoir immigrants, so that the poor people can share the benefits of resource development more. Strengthen financial input and policy support to support the development of clean energy such as biomass energy, wind energy, solar energy and small hydropower in poor areas. We have carried out various forms of photovoltaic and agricultural integration development models, implemented photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects, and built thousands of "sunshine banks" all over poor rural areas.

　　Promote clean heating in northern rural areas in winter. Winter cleaning and heating in the northern region is related to the lives of the broad masses of people, and it is a major livelihood project and popular project. Taking the protection of the broad masses in the northern region to warm the winter and reduce air pollution as a foothold, clean heating should be carried out in rural areas in the north according to local conditions. In accordance with the principle of giving priority to enterprises, promoting by the government and being affordable to residents, we will steadily promote "coal to gas" and "coal to electricity" and support the use of clean biomass fuel, geothermal energy, solar energy heating and the application of heat pump technology. By the end of 2019, the clean heating rate in northern rural areas was about 31%, an increase of 21.6 percentage points over 2016; In northern rural areas, about 23 million households have completed the replacement of loose coal, of which about 18 million households have completed the clean replacement of loose coal in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, surrounding areas and Fenwei Plain. (See Box 7)

　　Fifth, give play to the role of scientific and technological innovation as the first driving force

　　Seize the opportunity of the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, vigorously implement the innovation-driven development strategy in the energy field, enhance the ability of energy science and technology innovation, and solve major problems and challenges such as energy resource constraints, ecological environment protection and climate change through technological progress.

　　(A) improve the top-level design of energy science and technology innovation policy

　　China regards energy as an important part of the national innovation-driven development strategy, and puts energy science and technology innovation in a more prominent position. The Outline of National Innovation-Driven Development Strategy takes safe, clean and efficient modern energy technology as an important strategic direction and key field. We formulated the energy and resources science and technology innovation plan and the strategic plan for the development of energy and resources science and technology in 2035, deployed major measures and tasks for energy science and technology innovation, and strived to enhance the leading and supporting role of science and technology innovation. Formulate the energy technology innovation plan and the energy technology revolution innovation action plan (2016— 2030), put forward the key direction and technical roadmap of energy technology innovation. Deepen the reform of energy science and technology system, and form an energy technology innovation system with government guidance, market leading, enterprises as the main body, social participation and multi-party cooperation. Increase investment in scientific and technological innovation in important energy fields and emerging energy industries, strengthen the construction of talent teams, and enhance the innovation capabilities of various subjects.

　　(2) Building a diversified and multi-level energy science and technology innovation platform

　　Relying on key enterprises, research institutes and universities, a number of high-level energy technology innovation platforms have been built, which effectively stimulated the innovation vitality of various subjects. More than 40 national key laboratories and a number of national engineering research centers will be laid out, and relevant research will be carried out focusing on technologies such as safe, green and intelligent coal mining, efficient utilization of renewable energy, energy storage and distributed energy, so as to promote the progress of energy science and technology. More than 80 national energy R&D centers and national energy key laboratories will be laid out to carry out research around key areas and key links of coal, oil, natural gas, thermal power, nuclear power, renewable energy and energy equipment, covering the key areas and frontier directions of current energy technology innovation. Large-scale energy enterprises adapt to their own development and industry needs, constantly strengthen the construction of scientific and technological capabilities, and form influential research institutions in several professional fields. Local governments combine the advantages of local industries and adopt various ways to strengthen the construction of scientific research capabilities. With the support of the policy of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", various social subjects actively carry out scientific and technological innovation, forming many innovative enterprises in energy science and technology.

　　(3) Carry out collaborative scientific and technological innovation in major energy fields.

　　Implement major scientific and technological projects and projects to realize the leap-forward development of key technologies in the energy field. Focus on major national strategic industrialization goals, implement major projects of oil and gas science and technology, focus on breaking through new theories of oil and gas geology and key technologies for efficient exploration and development, and carry out technical research on economic and efficient development of unconventional resources such as shale oil, shale gas and natural gas hydrate. We will implement major nuclear power science and technology projects, focus on the technologies of third-generation pressurized water reactors and fourth-generation high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, tackle key core technologies, and continue to promote independent innovation in nuclear power. Facing major common key technologies, we will deploy and carry out research on new energy vehicles, smart grid technology and equipment, intelligent mining technology and equipment in coal mines, clean and efficient utilization of coal and new energy-saving technologies, renewable energy and hydrogen energy technologies. Facing the major strategic tasks of the country, we will focus on the deployment of basic physical and chemical research on efficient and clean utilization and transformation of energy, and promote the breakthrough of applied technology with basic research. (See Box 8)

　　(D) relying on major energy projects to improve the level of energy technology and equipment.

　　Under the development trend of global energy green and low-carbon transformation, we will accelerate the upgrading of traditional energy technologies and equipment, strengthen the independent innovation of emerging energy technologies and equipment, and significantly improve the technical level of clean and low-carbon energy. Relying on major equipment manufacturing and major demonstration projects, we will promote key energy equipment technology research, test demonstration and popularization and application. Improve the measurement, standard, testing and certification system of energy equipment, and improve the research and development, design, manufacturing and complete sets of major energy equipment. Focusing on the three major directions of energy security supply, clean energy development and clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, efforts will be made to break through the bottlenecks of key technologies, materials and parts in energy equipment manufacturing and promote technological innovation in the whole industry chain. Carry out the construction of major energy demonstration projects with advanced energy technology and equipment, and improve the technical level of equipment in the fields of clean and intelligent coal mining and washing, deep-water and unconventional oil and gas exploration and development, oil and gas storage and transportation, clean and efficient coal-fired power generation, advanced nuclear power, renewable energy power generation, gas turbines, energy storage, advanced power grid and coal deep processing.

　　(V) Support the development of new technologies, new models and new formats.

　　At present, the world is at the intersection of the new scientific and technological revolution and the industrial revolution. The breakthrough of new technology accelerates the industrial transformation and promotes the emergence of new energy models and new formats. Vigorously promote the deep integration of energy technology with modern information, materials and advanced manufacturing technologies, and explore new modes of energy production and consumption relying on the construction of "internet plus" smart energy. Accelerate the innovation and upgrading of smart photovoltaic, promote the integrated development of photovoltaic power generation with agriculture, fishery, animal husbandry and construction, expand the new space for complementary application of photovoltaic power generation, and form a new model for extensive development and utilization of new energy. Accelerate the development of hydrogen energy industrial chain technology and equipment such as green hydrogen production, storage and transportation and application, and promote the development of hydrogen energy fuel cell technology chain and hydrogen fuel cell automobile industrial chain. Support the application of energy storage in all aspects and scenarios of energy, and strive to promote the complementary development of energy storage and renewable energy. Support the construction of new energy microgrid and form an integrated local clean energy supply system for power generation, storage and use. Promote a new mode of comprehensive energy services, and realize multi-energy complementarity, synergy and high efficiency of terminal energy. Guided and driven by pilot demonstration projects, various new energy technologies, new models and new formats continue to emerge, forming a "fusion effect" of energy innovation and development.

　　Sixth, comprehensively deepen the reform of the energy system

　　Give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of energy resources, give better play to the role of the government, deepen market-oriented reforms in key areas and key links, remove institutional and institutional obstacles that hinder development, focus on solving problems such as imperfect market system, and provide institutional guarantee for safeguarding national energy security and promoting high-quality energy development.

　　(A) to build an effective competitive energy market

　　Vigorously cultivate diversified market players, break monopoly, relax access, encourage competition, build a unified, open and orderly energy market system, focus on eliminating market barriers, and improve the efficiency and fairness of energy resource allocation.

　　Cultivate multiple energy market players. Support all kinds of market players to enter the energy field outside the negative list on an equal footing according to law, and form a pattern in which multiple market players participate together. Deepen the reform of oil and gas exploration and exploitation system, open the oil and gas exploration and exploitation market, and implement competitive transfer of exploration blocks and stricter block withdrawal mechanism. Support qualified enterprises to import crude oil. Reform the operation mechanism of oil and gas pipeline network to realize the separation of pipeline transportation and sales business. We will steadily promote the reform of the power sales side, open the power distribution business to social capital in an orderly manner, and deepen the separation of the main and auxiliary power grid enterprises. Actively cultivate emerging market players such as power distribution, energy storage and comprehensive energy services. Deepen the reform of state-owned energy enterprises, support the development of non-public ownership, actively and steadily carry out the reform of mixed ownership in the energy field, and stimulate the vitality of enterprises.

　　Build a unified, open and competitive energy market system. According to the characteristics of different energy sources, build a trading platform for coal, electricity, oil and natural gas to promote the interaction between supply and demand. Promote the construction of a modern coal market system and develop futures trading of thermal coal, coking coal and crude oil and spot trading of natural gas. We will fully liberalize the power generation and consumption plans of operating power users, and build a power market that combines long-term transactions, spot transactions and other electric energy transactions with auxiliary service transactions. Actively promote the construction of a unified national electricity market and a national carbon emission trading market. (See Box 9)

　　(2) Improve the mechanism that energy prices are mainly determined by the market.

　　In accordance with the general idea of "controlling the middle and letting go of both ends", we will steadily liberalize prices in competitive areas and competitive links, promote prices to reflect market supply and demand, and guide resource allocation; Strict government pricing cost supervision and examination, and promote scientific and reasonable pricing.

　　Orderly liberalize the price of competitive links. Promote the step-by-step realization that the sale price of electricity other than public welfare is formed by the market, and power users or power sales entities can determine the transaction price with power generation enterprises through marketization. We will further deepen the reform of the on-grid electricity price mechanism for coal-fired power generation and implement a market-oriented price mechanism of "benchmark price+fluctuation". Steadily promote the determination of the on-grid electricity price of new wind power and photovoltaic power generation projects by competitive bidding. Promote the formation of inter-provincial and inter-regional power transmission prices through negotiation or marketization in accordance with the principle of "risk sharing and benefit sharing". Improve the formation mechanism of refined oil prices and promote the market-oriented reform of natural gas prices. Adhere to the principle of ensuring basics and promoting economy, and fully implement the residential ladder electricity price and ladder gas price system.

　　Scientifically verify the price of natural monopoly links. According to the principle of "allowable cost+reasonable income", the transmission and distribution prices of power grid and natural gas pipeline network are reasonably formulated. Carry out two regulatory cycles of transmission and distribution pricing cost supervision and examination and electricity price verification. Strengthen the price supervision of gas transmission and distribution, carry out cost supervision and examination, and build a price supervision system for all links in the field of natural gas transmission and distribution. (See Box 10)

　　(3) Innovative scientific energy management and optimized services

　　Further transform government functions, simplify administration and decentralize power, combine management with decentralization, optimize services, and strive to build a service-oriented government. Give play to the guiding role of energy strategic planning and macro-policies, and concentrate on major events. Strengthen energy market supervision, improve supervision efficiency, and promote fair competition among various market players. Adhere to the concept of people first and life first, and firmly hold the bottom line of energy safety production.

　　Stimulate the vitality of market players. Deepen the energy "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, reduce the approval of energy projects at the central government level, delegate the approval authority of some energy projects to local governments, and cancel the approval of energy projects that can be independently decided by market players. Reduce pre-approval items, lower market access thresholds, and strengthen and standardize post-event supervision. Improve the service level of "access to electricity" and reduce the time, link and cost of running electricity. Carry out the "internet plus Government Affairs" service, promote the "one-window acceptance" and "one-stop" service of energy government affairs, and improve the "one-stop" service level. (See Box 11)

　　Guide the direction of resource allocation. Formulate and implement the Strategy of Energy Production and Consumption Revolution (2016— 2030), as well as energy development planning and a series of special plans and action plans, to clarify the overall goals and key tasks of energy development and guide the investment direction of social subjects. We will improve fiscal, taxation, industrial and investment and financing policies in the energy sector, fully implement ad valorem taxation of crude oil, natural gas and coal resources, increase consumption tax on refined oil, and guide market players to rationally develop and utilize energy resources. Build a positive incentive system for green finance, promote new energy vehicles and develop clean energy. Support RMB pricing and settlement of bulk energy commodity trade.

　　Promote fair competition in the market. Straighten out the responsibility relationship of energy supervision and gradually realize the transformation from electricity supervision to comprehensive energy supervision. Strict supervision of power trading, dispatching, power supply services and market order, and strengthening supervision of fair access to power grid, power grid investment behavior, cost and investment operation efficiency. Strengthen the fair and open supervision of oil and gas pipeline network facilities, promote the information disclosure of oil and gas pipeline network facilities enterprises, and improve the utilization rate of oil and gas pipeline network facilities. Fully implement the "double random and one open" supervision to improve the fairness and impartiality of supervision. Strengthen the construction of the credit system in the energy industry, establish a list system of serious untrustworthy subjects according to laws and regulations, implement the punishment of dishonesty, and improve the efficiency of credit supervision. Inclusive and prudent supervision of emerging formats to promote the development and growth of new kinetic energy. Open the energy supervision hotline and play the role of social supervision.

　　Build a safe production bottom line. Improve the responsibility system for coal mine safety production, improve the efficiency of coal mine safety supervision and law enforcement, build a standardized management system for coal mine safety production, enhance the ability of disaster prevention and control, and the overall situation of coal mine safety production has improved. Implement the main responsibility of electric power safety enterprises, industry supervision responsibility and territorial management responsibility, improve the supervision and management of power system network security, and strengthen the construction safety supervision and quality supervision of electric power construction projects. The safety risks of power system are generally controllable, and no large-scale power outage accidents have occurred. Strengthen the safety supervision of the whole oil and gas industry chain, and keep the situation of oil and gas safety production stable. We will continue to strengthen the construction of nuclear safety supervision system and improve the ability of nuclear safety supervision. The overall safety status of nuclear power plants and research reactors is good, and the construction quality of projects under construction is under overall control.

　　(4) Improve the energy legal system.

　　Give full play to the role of the rule of law in ensuring stability, stability and long-term benefits, adhere to the convergence of energy legislation with reform and development, and timely amend and abolish laws and regulations that do not meet the requirements of reform and development; Adhere to the statutory duties must be, the law is not authorized, and fully perform government functions according to law.

　　Improve the energy legal system. Promote the revision of laws and administrative regulations in the field of energy, strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of laws and regulations in the field of energy, accelerate the process of "changing regulations and normative documents in the fields of electricity, coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power and new energy", and reflect the reform results in laws, regulations and major policies.

　　Promote energy management according to law. Promote the construction of a government ruled by law, and promote the rule of law throughout the whole process of formulating, implementing, supervising and managing energy strategies, plans, policies and standards. We will build a new pattern of energy law popularization in which government and enterprises are linked and supported each other, and form a good atmosphere of respecting, learning, abiding by and using the law. Innovate the way of administrative law enforcement, fully implement the publicity system of administrative law enforcement, the record system of the whole process of administrative law enforcement, and the legal review system of major law enforcement decisions, and fully implement the responsibility system of administrative law enforcement. Smooth the channels of administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation, ensure that cases are handled according to laws and regulations, protect the legitimate rights and interests of administrative counterparts according to law, and let people feel fairness and justice in every case.

　　Vii. strengthening international cooperation in energy in all directions

　　China practices the concept of green development, follows the principle of mutual benefit and win-win, carries out international cooperation, strives to achieve energy security under open conditions, expands the opening-up of the energy sector, promotes the high-quality construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, actively participates in global energy governance, guides international cooperation in tackling climate change, and promotes the building of a community of human destiny.

　　(1) Continue to deepen the opening up of the energy sector.

　　China steadfastly maintains the stability of the global energy market and opens wider to the outside world in the energy field. We will greatly relax foreign investment access, create a market-oriented and legalized international business environment, and promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation. We will fully implement the system of pre-entry national treatment plus negative list management, and the access restrictions for foreign investment in the energy sector will continue to decrease. Completely cancel the restrictions on foreign investment in coal, oil and gas, electric power (except nuclear power) and new energy. Promote the development of energy industry in Guangdong, Hubei, Chongqing, Hainan and other free trade pilot zones, and support the open development of the entire oil and gas industry chain in Zhejiang Free Trade Zone. The investment scale of international energy companies such as ExxonMobil, General Electric, Bibi, EDF and Siemens has increased steadily in China. Major foreign-funded projects such as Shanghai Tesla electric vehicles have landed in China one after another, and the number of foreign-funded gas stations has increased rapidly. (See Box 12)

　　(2) Efforts will be made to promote the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" energy cooperation

　　China adheres to the principle of cooperation, co-construction and sharing, adheres to the concept of openness, greenness and honesty, strives to achieve high standards, benefits people’s livelihood and sustainability, and strengthens energy cooperation with other countries under the framework of jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, so as to benefit other countries and people while realizing its own development and create favorable conditions for promoting common development.

　　Promote mutually beneficial and win-win energy cooperation. China has carried out extensive cooperation with more than 100 countries and regions in the fields of energy trade, investment, production capacity, equipment, technology and standards. Enterprises in China build high-standard energy projects that meet the urgent needs of cooperative countries, help local enterprises to transform their resource advantages into development advantages, promote local technological progress, employment expansion, economic growth and improvement of people’s livelihood, and realize complementary advantages and common development. Through third-party market cooperation, we will cooperate with some countries and large multinational companies in the field of clean energy and promote the formation of an open, transparent, mutually beneficial and win-win energy cooperation pattern. In 2019, 30 countries including China jointly established the Belt and Road energy partnership.

　　Building a Green Silk Road. China is the world’s largest renewable energy market and the largest manufacturer of clean energy equipment. Actively promote the green and low-carbon transformation of global energy, and extensively carry out renewable energy cooperation, such as the hydropower project in Careta, Guinea, the photovoltaic power plant in Kaubosburg, Hungary, the wind power project in Morula, Montenegro, the photovoltaic hybrid power generation project in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, the photovoltaic project in carlot, Pakistan and the first phase of Jinnah Photovoltaic Park. The wide application of renewable energy technology in China market has promoted the reduction of the cost of renewable energy worldwide and accelerated the process of global energy transformation.

　　Strengthen the interconnection of energy infrastructure. Actively promote cross-border and cross-regional energy infrastructure connectivity, and create conditions for complementary cooperation and mutually beneficial trade in energy resources. China, Russia and China — A number of landmark major energy projects, such as oil and gas pipelines in Central Asia and China-Myanmar, have been completed and put into operation. China has realized power interconnection with seven neighboring countries, and the interconnection level of energy infrastructure has been significantly improved, which has promoted the optimal allocation of energy resources in a wider scope and promoted economic cooperation among regional countries.

　　Improve global energy accessibility. Actively promote the domestic implementation of the sustainable development goal of "ensuring affordable, reliable and sustainable modern energy for all", actively participate in international cooperation on energy accessibility, adopt various financing models to develop grid-connected, microgrid and off-grid power projects for areas without electricity according to local conditions, donate clean stoves to areas using traditional cooking fuels, improve the energy popularization level of cooperative countries, and benefit local people’s livelihood.

　　(3) Actively participate in global energy governance.

　　China firmly supports multilateralism, conducts bilateral and multilateral energy cooperation in accordance with the principle of mutual benefit and win-win, actively supports the role of international energy organizations and cooperation mechanisms in global energy governance, actively promotes the stability and security of global energy market and the green transformation and development of energy under the framework of international multilateral cooperation, and contributes China’s wisdom and China’s strength to the sustainable development of global energy.

　　Integrate into multilateral energy governance. Actively participate in international energy cooperation under multilateral mechanisms such as the United Nations, G20, APEC and BRICS, and make positive progress in joint research and publication of reports and establishment of institutions. China has established intergovernmental energy cooperation mechanisms with more than 90 countries and regions, and established cooperative relations with more than 30 international organizations and multilateral mechanisms in the energy field. Since 2012, China has successively become a member of the International Renewable Energy Agency, a signatory observer of the International Energy Charter and a member of the International Energy Agency Union.

　　Advocate regional energy cooperation. China has established regional energy cooperation platforms with ASEAN, the Arab League, the African Union, Central and Eastern Europe, and established the East Asia Summit Clean Energy Forum. China has promoted cooperation in capacity building and technological innovation, and provided 18 countries with training in the fields of clean energy utilization and energy efficiency. (See Box 13)

　　(D) Work together to address global climate change

　　China adheres to the concept of a community of human destiny, unites and cooperates with other countries to cope with global climate change, and actively promotes green and low-carbon energy transformation.

　　Strengthen international cooperation on climate change. With the support of the United Nations, the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility, the Asian Development Bank and German countries, China has carried out extensive and sustained bilateral and multilateral cooperation with relevant countries in the fields of renewable energy development and utilization, low-carbon city demonstration and so on through experience sharing, technical exchange and project docking.

　　Support developing countries to improve their ability to cope with climate change. Deepen South-South cooperation in the field of climate change and support the least developed countries, small island countries, African countries and other developing countries to meet the challenges of climate change. Starting from 2016, China has launched 10 low-carbon demonstration zones, 100 climate change mitigation and adaptation projects and 1,000 cooperative projects on climate change training places in developing countries to help developing countries develop clean and low-carbon energy and jointly cope with global climate change.

　　(E) China’s proposition of jointly promoting the sustainable development of global energy.

　　Mankind has entered the era of interconnection, and maintaining energy security and coping with global climate change have become major challenges facing the world. At present, the COVID-19 epidemic, which continues to spread, highlights that the interests of all countries are closely related and their destinies are closely linked. China proposes that the international community make joint efforts to promote the sustainable development of global energy, meet the challenge of climate change and build a clean and beautiful world.

　　Work together to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of energy and promote the construction of a clean and beautiful world. To meet the challenge of climate change and improve the global ecological environment requires the joint efforts of all countries. Countries should choose the green development path, adopt a green and low-carbon cycle and sustainable production and life style, promote energy transformation, coordinate and solve problems in energy development, work together to cope with global climate change, and make positive contributions to building a clean and beautiful world.

　　Collaborate to consolidate multilateral cooperation in the energy field and accelerate the green recovery and growth of the economy. Improve the international energy governance mechanism and maintain an open, inclusive, inclusive, balanced and win-win multilateral international energy cooperation pattern. Deepen dialogue, communication and pragmatic cooperation in the energy field to promote economic recovery and integrated development. Strengthen transnational and trans-regional clean and low-carbon energy technology innovation and standard cooperation, promote energy technology transfer and popularization, and improve international collaborative intellectual property protection.

　　Cooperate with international energy trade and investment to maintain the stability of the global energy market. Eliminate energy trade and investment barriers, promote trade and investment facilitation, carry out energy resources and capacity cooperation, deepen energy infrastructure cooperation, improve the level of interconnection, and promote efficient allocation of resources and deep market integration. Adhere to the principle of cooperation, joint construction and sharing, actively seek the greatest common denominator of development interests, promote the sustainable development of global energy, and jointly safeguard global energy security.

　　Cooperate to promote energy accessibility in underdeveloped areas and strive to solve the problem of energy poverty. Work together to achieve the goal of sustainable development in the energy field, and support people in underdeveloped countries and regions who lack modern energy supply to obtain basic energy services such as electricity. Help underdeveloped countries and regions to popularize and apply advanced green energy technologies, train energy professionals, improve the energy service system, and form a new model of integrating green energy development with energy poverty eradication.

　　Concluding remarks

　　China is about to embark on a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. Entering a new stage of development, China will continue to unswervingly push forward the energy revolution, accelerate the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, and provide a strong energy guarantee for basically realizing socialist modernization in 2035 and building a socialist modernization power in the middle of this century.

　　The world today is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a hundred years. The ecological environment is related to human survival and sustainable development, and all countries need to unite and cooperate to meet challenges together. Adhering to the concept of a community of human destiny, China will continue to work with other countries to deepen global energy governance cooperation, promote global energy sustainable development, safeguard global energy security, strive to achieve more inclusive, balanced and equal development, and build a cleaner, more beautiful, prosperous and livable world.

　　(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 21st)

　　People’s Daily (10th edition, December 22, 2020)