Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising

(Promulgated by Order No.72 of the State Administration of Market Supervision on February 25, 2023 and effective as of May 1, 2023)

 

　　the first　In order to regulate Internet advertising activities, protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, promote the healthy development of Internet advertising industry, and maintain the market economic order of fair competition, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Advertising Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Advertising Law), the Electronic Commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Electronic Commerce Law) and other laws and administrative regulations.

　　the second　In People’s Republic of China (PRC), the provisions of the Advertising Law and these Measures shall apply to commercial advertising activities that directly or indirectly promote goods or services in the form of words, pictures, audio, video or other forms by using Internet media such as websites, webpages and Internet applications.

　　Laws, administrative regulations, departmental rules, mandatory national standards and other relevant provisions of the state require information to be displayed, marked and informed, in accordance with its provisions.

　　Article　Internet advertising should be true and legal, adhere to the correct orientation, and express the advertising content in a healthy form, which is in line with the requirements of socialist spiritual civilization construction and the promotion of Chinese excellent traditional culture.

　　Advertising activities using the Internet shall abide by laws and regulations, be honest and trustworthy, and compete fairly.

　　The state encourages and supports public service advertising activities on the Internet, spreads socialist core values and Chinese excellent traditional culture, and advocates civilized fashion.

　　Article 4　Natural persons, legal persons or other organizations that use the Internet to publish advertisements for advertisers or advertising agents entrusted by advertisers shall apply the provisions of the Advertising Law and these Measures on advertisement publishers.

　　The provisions of the Advertising Law and these Measures on Internet information service providers shall apply to natural persons, legal persons or other organizations that provide information services through the Internet; Engaged in Internet advertising design, production, agency, release and other activities, shall apply the provisions of the Advertising Law and these Measures on advertising agents, publishers and other subjects.

　　Article 5　Advertising industry organizations shall, in accordance with laws, regulations, departmental rules and articles of association, formulate industry norms, self-discipline conventions and group standards, strengthen industry self-discipline, guide members to actively practice socialist core values, engage in Internet advertising activities according to law, promote integrity building and promote the healthy development of the industry.

　　Article 6　No unit or individual may use the Internet to design, produce, act as an agent or publish advertisements for products or services whose production and sale are prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, or for goods or services whose advertising is prohibited.

　　It is forbidden to use the Internet to publish tobacco (including electronic cigarettes) advertisements.

　　It is forbidden to use the Internet to publish prescription drug advertisements. Where there are other provisions in laws and administrative regulations, such provisions shall prevail.

　　Article 7　Advertisements that should be examined according to laws and administrative regulations such as advertisements for medical treatment, medicines, medical devices, pesticides, veterinary drugs, health foods and formula foods for special medical purposes shall be examined by the advertisement examination organ before publication; Without review, it shall not be published.

　　Internet advertisements subject to censorship shall be published in strict accordance with the contents examined and approved, and shall not be edited, spliced or modified. If the contents of advertisements that have been examined and approved need to be changed, they shall re-apply for advertisement examination.

　　Article 8　It is forbidden to publish advertisements for medical treatment, medicines, medical devices, health foods and formula foods for special medical purposes in disguised form by introducing health and health preservation knowledge.

　　When introducing health and health preserving knowledge, the address, contact information, shopping links and other contents of commodity operators or service providers related to medical treatment, medicines, medical devices, health food and formula food for special medical purposes shall not appear on the same page or at the same time.

　　Article 9　Internet advertisements should be identifiable and enable consumers to identify them as advertisements.

　　For the goods or services ranked by bidding, the advertisement publisher should clearly mark "advertisement", which is obviously different from the natural search results.

　　Except in cases where laws and administrative regulations prohibit the publication or disguised publication of advertisements, if a commodity or service is promoted through knowledge introduction, experience sharing, consumption evaluation and other forms, and a shopping link is attached, the advertisement publisher shall clearly indicate "advertisement".

　　Article 10　When publishing Internet advertisements in the form of pop-ups, advertisers and advertisement publishers shall clearly mark the closure sign to ensure one-click closure, and shall not have any of the following circumstances:

　　(1) The advertisement can only be closed if there is no closing sign or the time is over;

　　(two) the closure sign is false, unclear or difficult to locate, etc., which sets obstacles for the closure of advertisements;

　　(three) to close the advertisement, it must be clicked twice or more;

　　(four) in the process of browsing the same page and the same document, continue to pop up advertisements after closing, which will affect the normal use of the network by users;

　　(five) other acts that affect the one-button closure.

　　The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to the open-screen advertisements displayed and released when the Internet application is started.

　　Article 11　Do not cheat or mislead users to click or browse advertisements in the following ways:

　　(a) false system or software update, error reporting, cleaning, notification and other tips;

　　(two) false signs such as playing, starting, pausing, stopping and returning;

　　(3) False reward promises;

　　(four) other ways to deceive and mislead users to click and browse advertisements.

　　Article 12　Advertisements for medical treatment, medicines, health foods, formula foods for special medical purposes, medical devices, cosmetics, alcohol, beauty, and online game advertisements that are not conducive to the physical and mental health of minors shall not be published on websites, webpages, internet applications, WeChat official account and other Internet media aimed at minors.

　　Article 13　Advertisers should be responsible for the authenticity of Internet advertising content.

　　When an advertiser publishes an Internet advertisement, the subject qualification, administrative license, citation content, etc. shall meet the requirements of laws and regulations, and the relevant certification documents shall be true, legal and effective.

　　Advertisers can publish their own advertisements through self-built websites, their own clients, Internet applications, WeChat official account, online shop pages and other Internet media, or they can entrust advertising agents and publishers to publish advertisements.

　　Advertisers who publish Internet advertisements by themselves shall comply with the requirements of laws and regulations, establish advertisement files and update them in time. The relevant files shall be kept for not less than three years from the date of termination of advertising.

　　When an advertiser entrusts to publish an Internet advertisement, it shall notify the advertising agents and publishers who provide services to it in a timely manner in written form or in other ways that can be confirmed.

　　Article 14　Advertising agents and publishers shall, in accordance with the following provisions, establish, improve and implement the registration, audit and file management system for Internet advertising business:

　　(a) check and register the real identity, address and effective contact information of advertisers, establish advertising files and regularly check and update them, and record and save relevant electronic data of advertising activities; The preservation time of relevant files shall be no less than three years from the date of the end of advertising;

　　(2) Examining relevant supporting documents and checking the contents of advertisements. Advertising agents shall not provide design, production or agency services for advertisements with inconsistent contents or incomplete supporting documents, and advertisement publishers shall not publish them;

　　(three) equipped with advertising audit personnel familiar with advertising laws and regulations or set up advertising audit institutions.

　　The term "identity information" as mentioned in these Measures includes name (name), unified social credit code (ID number), etc.

　　Advertising agents and publishers shall, in accordance with the law, cooperate with the Internet advertising industry survey conducted by the market supervision and management department and provide true, accurate and complete information in a timely manner.

　　Article 15　Where an Internet advertisement is published by means of algorithmic recommendation, the relevant rules of algorithmic recommendation service and advertisement delivery records shall be recorded in the advertisement file.

　　Article 16　Internet platform operators shall take measures to prevent and stop illegal advertisements in the process of providing Internet information services, and abide by the following provisions:

　　(1) Recording and preserving the true identity information of users who use their information services to publish advertisements, and the information recording and preservation time shall be no less than three years from the date of the end of information service provision;

　　(two) to monitor and investigate the contents of advertisements published by using its information services, and if illegal advertisements are found, necessary measures such as notice to correct, delete, block and disconnect the publishing links shall be taken to stop them, and relevant records shall be kept;

　　(three) to establish an effective mechanism for accepting and handling complaints and reports, set up a convenient entrance for complaints and reports, or publish the way of complaints and reports, and accept and handle complaints and reports in a timely manner;

　　(four) shall not obstruct or hinder the market supervision and management departments to carry out advertising monitoring by technical means or other means;

　　(5) Cooperate with the market supervision and management departments to investigate illegal Internet advertisements, and take timely technical measures to preserve evidence materials suspected of illegal advertisements according to the requirements of the market supervision and management departments, and truthfully provide the true identity information of relevant advertisement publishers, advertisement modification records and transaction information of related commodities or services;

　　(six) according to the service agreement and platform rules, users who use their information services to publish illegal advertisements shall be warned, suspended or terminated.

　　Article 17　The use of the Internet to publish and send advertisements shall not affect users’ normal use of the Internet, and shall not insert bidding advertisements into the results of searching government service websites, webpages, Internet applications, WeChat official account, etc.

　　Without the user’s consent, request or clear refusal, no Internet advertisement shall be sent to his means of transportation, navigation equipment, smart home appliances, etc., and no advertisement or advertisement link shall be attached to the e-mail or Internet instant messaging information sent by the user.

　　Article 18　When publishing Internet advertisements with links, advertisers, advertising agents and advertisement publishers should check the advertising contents related to front-end advertisements in the next link.

　　Article 19　Where a commodity seller or service provider promotes a commodity or service through live Internet broadcast, which constitutes a commercial advertisement, it shall bear the responsibilities and obligations of the advertiser according to law.

　　If the operator of the live broadcast room is entrusted to provide advertising design, production, agency and publishing services, it shall bear the responsibilities and obligations of the advertising operator and publisher according to law.

　　Live marketing personnel who are entrusted to provide advertising design, production, agency and publishing services shall bear the responsibilities and obligations of advertising operators and publishers according to law.

　　Live marketing personnel who recommend and prove goods and services in their own names or images, which constitute advertising endorsements, shall bear the responsibilities and obligations of advertising spokespersons according to law.

　　Article 20　Administrative penalties for illegal Internet advertisements shall be under the jurisdiction of the market supervision and administration department where the advertisement publisher is located. Where it is difficult for the market supervision and administration department where the advertisement publisher is located to have jurisdiction over advertisers, advertising agents, advertising spokespersons and Internet information service providers in different places, it may transfer the illegal situation to the market supervision and administration department where it is located for handling. If the advertising spokesperson is a natural person, the location of the agency providing brokerage services for the advertising spokesperson, the domicile or habitual residence of the advertising spokesperson shall be its location.

　　Where the market supervision and management department of the place where the advertiser is located or where the advertising operator is located first discovers illegal clues or receives complaints or reports, it may also exercise jurisdiction.

　　The implementation of administrative penalties for advertisers to publish illegal advertisements by themselves shall be under the jurisdiction of the market supervision and management department where the advertisers are located.

　　Article 21　The market supervision and management department may exercise the following functions and powers according to law when investigating and handling illegal Internet advertisements:

　　(a) to conduct on-site inspection of places suspected of engaging in illegal advertising activities;

　　(2) Asking the party suspected of violating the law or its legal representative, principal responsible person and other relevant personnel, and investigating the relevant units or individuals;

　　(three) require the parties suspected of violating the law to provide relevant documents within a time limit;

　　(4) consulting and copying contracts, bills, account books, advertising works and Internet advertising-related data related to suspected illegal advertisements, including saving Internet advertising content by means of screen capture, screen recording, webpage retention, photographing, audio recording and video recording;

　　(5) sealing up and detaining advertising articles, business tools, equipment and other property directly related to suspected illegal advertisements;

　　(six) ordered to suspend the publication of suspected illegal advertisements that may cause serious consequences;

　　(seven) other functions and powers as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations.

　　When the market supervision and management department exercises the functions and powers stipulated in the preceding paragraph according to law, the parties concerned shall assist and cooperate, and shall not refuse, obstruct or conceal the real situation.

　　Article 22　The technical monitoring records of Internet advertisements by market supervision and management departments can be used as evidence for administrative punishment or administrative measures against illegal advertisements.

　　Article 23　Violation of the provisions of Article 6 and Article 12 of these Measures shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 57 of the Advertising Law.

　　Article 24　Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of Article 7 of these Measures, publishes an Internet advertisement without review or according to the content approved by the advertisement review shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 58 of the Advertising Law.

　　Article 25　In violation of the provisions of Article 8 and Article 9 of these measures, advertisements for medical treatment, medicines, medical devices, health foods and formula foods for special medical purposes are published in disguised form, or Internet advertisements are not identifiable, and shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 59 of the Advertising Law.

　　Article 26　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Article 10 of these Measures, publishes Internet advertisements in the form of pop-ups and so on, without clearly indicating the closure sign, ensures one-click closure, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 62 of the Advertising Law.

　　Advertisers who commit the acts specified in the preceding paragraph shall be ordered by the market supervision and administration department at or above the county level to make corrections, and those who refuse to make corrections shall be fined between 5,000 yuan and 30,000 yuan.

　　Article 27　In violation of the provisions of Article 11 of these Measures, deceiving or misleading users to click and browse advertisements, if there are provisions in laws and administrative regulations, such provisions shall prevail; Where there are no provisions in laws and administrative regulations, the market supervision and management department at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan on advertisers, advertising agents and publishers.

　　Article 28　In violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 14, Article 15 and Article 18 of these measures, advertising agents and publishers fail to establish and improve the advertising business management system according to the provisions, or fail to check the advertising content, they shall be punished according to the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 60 of the Advertising Law.

　　In violation of the provisions of the fourth paragraph of Article 13, Article 15 and Article 18 of these measures, advertisers fail to establish advertising files according to the provisions, or fail to check the contents of advertisements, the market supervision and management departments at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections and may impose a fine of not more than 50,000 yuan.

　　Advertisers, advertising agents and publishers can prove that they have fulfilled relevant responsibilities, take measures to prevent the linked advertising content from being tampered with, and provide the real name, address and effective contact information of the subject of illegal advertising activities, and can be given a lighter, mitigated or no administrative punishment according to law.

　　In violation of the third paragraph of Article 14 of these measures, advertising agents and publishers refuse to cooperate with the Internet advertising industry survey conducted by the market supervision and administration department, or provide false information, the market supervision and administration department at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections and may impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan.

　　Article 29　Internet platform operators violate the provisions of Item 1, Item 3 to Item 5 of Article 16 of these Measures, and if there are provisions in laws and administrative regulations, such provisions shall prevail; Where there are no provisions in laws and administrative regulations, the market supervision and management department at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan.

　　Internet platform operators who violate the second paragraph of Article 16 of these Measures and know or should know that Internet advertising activities are illegal and will not be stopped shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 63 of the Advertising Law.

　　Article 30　In violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of article seventeenth of these measures, if there are provisions in laws and administrative regulations, such provisions shall prevail; Where there are no provisions in laws and administrative regulations, the market supervision and management department at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan on advertisers, advertising agents and publishers.

　　Whoever, in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 17 of these Measures, sends Internet advertisements to his means of transportation, navigation equipment, smart home appliances, etc. without the user’s consent, request or explicit refusal, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 62 of the Advertising Law; If an advertisement or an advertisement link is attached to the e-mail or Internet instant messaging information sent by a user, the market supervision and management department at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan.

　　Article 31　The administrative punishment decision made by the market supervision and management department in accordance with the provisions of the Advertising Law and these Measures shall be publicized to the public through the national enterprise credit information publicity system according to law; If the nature is bad, the circumstances are serious, and the social harm is great, it will be included in the list of serious violations of law and dishonesty in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Measures for the Administration of the List of Serious Violations of Law and Trustworthiness in Market Supervision and Management.

　　Article 32　These Measures shall come into force as of May 1, 2023. The Interim Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising promulgated by Order No.87 of the former State Administration for Industry and Commerce on July 4, 2016 shall be abolished at the same time.

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　　Yang Guangwang Harbin April 25 th news (Reporter Pang Wei)April 25th is the National Child Vaccination Day.,This year’s publicity theme is "vaccination, disease prevention and control, health protection, life protection". Vaccination is the most economical and effective measure to prevent and control infectious diseases.,To this end,Heilongjiang ProvinceProvincial CDCPublish 61 articlesCommon knowledge of vaccinationquestions and answers.

Data Map Source: vision china

　　1 Q: What is a vaccine?

　　A: It refers to the preventive biological products used for human immunization in order to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of diseases, including immunization planning vaccines and non-immunization planning vaccines.

　　Q: What is an EPI vaccine?

　　A: It refers to the vaccines that residents should be vaccinated according to government regulations, including those determined by the national immunization program, those added by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government when implementing the national immunization program, and those used by the people’s governments at or above the county level or their health authorities for emergency vaccination or mass vaccination.

　　Q: What is a non-EPI vaccine?

　　A: It refers to other vaccines voluntarily vaccinated by residents.

　　Q: What is a vaccine marketing license holder?

　　A: It refers to an enterprise that has obtained the registration certificate of vaccine drugs and the drug production license according to law.

　　Q: What is immunization program?

　　A: Immunization planning refers to the plans, plans and strategies formulated by using effective vaccines to vaccinate susceptible people according to the national infectious disease prevention and control plan, and to vaccinate people in a planned way according to the vaccine varieties, immunization procedures or vaccination programs determined by the state or provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, so as to prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of specific infectious diseases, and to improve people’s health level and health civilization level through the implementation of national immunization planning.

　　Q: What kind of immunization planning system does the country implement?

　　A: Residents living in China have the right to be vaccinated with EPI according to law and fulfill their obligations to be vaccinated with EPI. The government provides free immunization program vaccines to residents. The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization programs. The guardian shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with EPI vaccine on time according to law.

　　7 Q: What are the immunization program vaccines for school-age children in our province?

　　A: At present, the immunization programs for school-age children in our province include hepatitis B vaccine, BCG vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, live attenuated polio vaccine, DTP vaccine, measles vaccine, live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine, live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine and group A+C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine.

　　Q: What is routine vaccination?

　　Answer: It refers to the vaccination service provided by the vaccination unit for the vaccinated object within a relatively fixed vaccination service cycle time in accordance with the national immunization program, vaccine use guidelines and vaccine use instructions.

　　Q: What is mass vaccination?

　　A: It refers to the organized and centralized vaccination activities for a specific group of people who may be threatened by an infectious disease within a specific scope and time. Supplementary immunization (formerly called "booster immunization") is a commonly used form of mass vaccination.

　　Q: What is emergency vaccination?

　　Answer: When the epidemic situation of infectious diseases begins or has an epidemic trend, vaccination activities are carried out for the target population in order to control the spread of infectious diseases.

　　Q: Why can vaccination prevent diseases?

　　A: Scientific research shows that when bacteria or viruses invade the human body, the body will produce a substance that resists the bacteria or viruses. This substance is called antibody. Different bacteria or viruses will produce different antibodies, which are called specific antibodies. After recovery, this specific antibody still remains in the body. If the corresponding bacteria or viruses invade the body again, this specific antibody can protect the body from these bacteria or viruses. Vaccination is to artificially inoculate a small amount of bacteria or viruses and their metabolites after being attenuated or inactivated, so that the body can produce specific antibodies or cellular immune responses, thus producing resistance against this pathogen.

　　Q: Why do you have to take vaccination according to the immunization program?

　　A: Different vaccines have different immunization procedures, which are based on clinical trials and years of scientific practice. Such as hepatitis B vaccine, pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine, polio vaccine, etc., at least three doses of vaccination are needed to make children have sufficient immunity. As children grow up, the immunity acquired by vaccination in the body will gradually decline. Therefore, some vaccines need to be strengthened.

　　Q: Can different vaccines be vaccinated at the same time?

　　A: Two or more injectable vaccines should be inoculated in different parts. It is forbidden to mix two or more vaccines and inhale them into the same syringe for inoculation. At present, all the vaccines in the national immunization program can be vaccinated at the same time according to the immunization procedure or the principle of replanting. Immunization planning vaccine and non-immunization planning vaccine can be vaccinated at the same time. If you choose not to vaccinate at the same time, priority should be given to ensuring immunization planning vaccine vaccination.

　　Q: How long does it take for different vaccines not to be vaccinated at the same time?

　　A: If two or more live attenuated vaccines for injection are not vaccinated at the same time, they should be vaccinated at an interval of ≥28 days. Inactivated vaccine and oral attenuated live vaccine, if they are not inoculated at the same time with other kinds of vaccines (including attenuated and inactivated), there is no restriction on the inoculation interval.

　　Q: How do migrant children get vaccinated?

　　A: In China, the vaccination of floating children is managed locally (that is, where they live), and floating children enjoy the same vaccination services as local children. If children under 6 years old move to other cities (regions) and counties (districts), they can directly carry the vaccination certificate issued by the health department of their original place of residence to the vaccination unit where they live now. If the vaccination certificate has not been handled before or is lost, the vaccination certificate can be reissued at the vaccination unit in the current residence.

　　Q: Which is better, imported vaccine or domestic vaccine?

　　A: Both domestic and imported vaccines have strict quality control systems to ensure the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. There is no obvious difference in performance between domestic vaccines and imported vaccines. No matter domestic or imported vaccines, all vaccines will have a certain level of adverse reactions, and there is no obvious difference in the level of adverse reactions between imported vaccines and domestic vaccines. Compared with domestic vaccines, imported vaccines have higher investment in R&D, and there is a certain gap between the prices of imported vaccines and domestic vaccines due to factors such as tariffs, freight and marketing costs. The choice of domestic vaccine or imported vaccine depends on the importance that individuals attach to the performance and price of the vaccine. If economic conditions permit, you can choose to vaccinate imported vaccines at your own expense, but if you consider the cost performance, it is also good to choose domestic vaccines. Don’t fall into the misunderstanding that the higher the price, the better.

　　Q: Why should BCG be vaccinated at birth?

　　Answer: After inoculation with BCG, the body can have specific immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can prevent the reproduction and spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the human body, so it has a good effect on preventing tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. The World Health Organization suggests that newborns should be vaccinated with BCG as soon as possible in areas with high and moderate tuberculosis prevalence. China’s immunization program is to vaccinate newborns with one dose of BCG at birth.

　　Q: Why should newborns be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth?

　　A: Most carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in China come from vertical transmission from mother to child and early childhood infection. Because newborns have no immunity to hepatitis B virus and their immune function is not perfect, once they are infected with hepatitis B virus, they will easily become carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. After infants less than one year old are infected with hepatitis B virus, more than 90% of them will become chronic hepatitis B virus surface antigen carriers. Thus, it is particularly important for newborns to prevent hepatitis B. All newborns should be vaccinated with the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible within 24 hours after birth, and complete the whole course of three doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the immunization program of 0, 1 and 6 months old.

　　Q: Is it necessary to strengthen immunization after the whole vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine is completed?

　　A: At present, neither the World Health Organization nor China advocates the complete vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and the booster immunization after successful immunization. This is because: after the successful initial immunization of hepatitis B vaccine, the immune persistence is good. According to domestic observation, the protection rate is still as high as 88.6% 15 years after vaccination. After natural exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV), the memory B lymphocytes of successful immunization recipients inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine can rapidly proliferate, differentiate and produce specific antibodies after being attacked by HBV. It has been proved that humoral immune memory reaction still exists even among immunocompetents with low antibody or no antibody after 5 years. There is cellular immunity, and it has been observed that there is also specific cellular immune memory in addition to humoral immune memory response after vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine. Under the protection of hepatitis B vaccine, children can safely pass through the high-risk period of HBV infection (1 ~ 3 years old) without strengthening immunization, and with the function of immune barrier, the chances of infection of immunized children are greatly reduced. However, high-risk groups (such as hemodialysis patients, medical staff, etc.) should be tested for antibodies every 6 ~ 12 months, and when anti-HBS is less than 10 miu/ml, intensive vaccination can be carried out.

　　Q: How long will it take to have antibodies after hepatitis B vaccination? How long can it be protected?

　　A: Vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective measure to prevent HBV infection. The effective component of hepatitis B vaccine is HBsAg, which induces human body to produce anti -HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) and plays a role. After the first vaccination, most anti -HBs were still negative or below the lower limit of detection value; Anti -HBs turned positive about 1 week after the second injection, that is, it was immune to HBV 35-40 days after the start of inoculation; Inoculation with the third dose can significantly increase the level of anti -HBs and prolong the protection period. The positive conversion rate of anti -HBs is as high as 95%-100% after the whole vaccination of newborns, and the protection period can reach more than 22 years. After the human body actively produces anti -HBs, it has immune memory. Even if the anti -HBs turns negative and is exposed to HBV again, the body can produce anti -HBs in a short time. Therefore, it is not necessary for non-high-risk people to strengthen hepatitis B vaccination.

　　Q: What should adults do if they don’t produce antibodies after hepatitis B vaccination?

　　Answer: For those who fail to respond after three doses of hepatitis B vaccine, they can be vaccinated with one dose of 60μg or three doses of 20μg hepatitis B vaccine, and their serum anti -HBs will be detected 1-2 months after the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine. If there is still no response, they can be vaccinated with one dose of 60μg recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine.

　　Q: Can newborns of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) breastfeed?

　　A: Although HBsAg and HBV DNA can be detected in the milk of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus, and some scholars believe that chapped nipples, excessive sucking of infants and even biting of nipples may transmit the virus to infants, these are theoretical analysis and lack of evidence-based medical evidence. Even without immunization, the infection rate of breast-fed and artificially fed newborns is almost the same. More evidence proves that even if pregnant women are HBeAg positive, breastfeeding does not increase the risk of infection. Therefore, after formal prevention, whether pregnant women are HBsAg positive or negative, their newborns can breastfeed, and there is no need to test whether there is HBV DNA in the milk.

　　Q: What should medical staff and others who accidentally expose hepatitis B virus do?

　　Answer: (1) Squeeze gently around the wound to discharge the blood in the wound, then rinse the wound with 0.9%NaCl solution, and then treat it with disinfectant. (2) HBV DNA and HBsAg should be detected immediately and rechecked after 3-6 months. (3) Those who have been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and are known to be positive for anti -HBs (anti -HBs≥10mIU/ml) may not be treated. If you have not been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, or if you have been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, but the anti -HBs is less than 10 miu/ml or the anti-HBS is unknown, you should immediately inject 200-400 IU of HBIG, and at the same time, inoculate one dose of hepatitis B vaccine (20μg) in different parts, and then inoculate the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine (20μg) one month and six months later, respectively.

　　Q: Why should I stay on observation for at least 30 minutes after vaccination?

　　A: After vaccination, due to individual reasons, very few people may have allergic reactions. Monitoring data show that anaphylactic shock mostly occurs within 30 minutes after inoculation. After anaphylactic shock, if it is not under the supervision of medical staff, it is easy to be life-threatening. Therefore, doctors and first-aid drugs must be equipped at the inoculation site, mainly to prevent accidents. If the guardian suspects that his child has an adverse reaction to vaccination, he should consult or report to the vaccinator or the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in time.

　　Q: What is a suspected adverse reaction to vaccination?

　　A: It refers to the reaction or event that is suspected to be related to vaccination after vaccination.

　　Q: What are the classifications of suspected adverse reactions to vaccination?

　　A: It includes adverse reactions (general reactions and abnormal reactions), vaccine quality accidents, vaccination accidents, coupling diseases and psychogenic reactions.

　　Q: What are the conditions that do not belong to the abnormal reaction of vaccination?

　　A: The abnormal reaction of vaccination refers to the adverse drug reaction caused by the qualified vaccine in the process of implementing the standardized vaccination or after implementing the standardized vaccination, and the relevant parties have no fault.

　　The following situations do not belong to the abnormal reaction of vaccination:

　　(a) the general reaction after vaccination caused by the characteristics of the vaccine itself;

　　(2) Damage caused to the recipients due to vaccine quality problems;

　　(three) the damage caused to the recipients by the vaccination unit’s violation of the vaccination work norms, immunization procedures, guiding principles for vaccine use, and vaccination programs;

　　(four) the recipient is in the incubation period or precursor period of a disease at the time of inoculation, and the disease is coupled after inoculation;

　　(5) The recipient has vaccination contraindications specified in the vaccine instructions, and the recipient or his guardian failed to truthfully provide the health status and vaccination contraindications of the recipient before vaccination, and the original disease of the recipient has an acute recurrence or aggravation after vaccination;

　　(6) Psychogenic reactions of individuals or groups due to psychological factors.

　　Q: Why do some recipients have redness and inflammation in the injection area after vaccination?

　　A: Red swelling is a manifestation of inflammation and a common phenomenon in vaccination. It is the body’s responsive response to various damaging stimuli. It is characterized by local tissue deterioration, exudation and proliferation. When vaccinating, injection is often used, which itself can stimulate the human body to cause minor trauma and cause inflammation; At the same time, the vaccine itself is a foreign body and has certain toxicity. The pH, osmotic pressure and preservatives contained in the vaccine can cause inflammatory reactions to varying degrees. In addition, the inoculation of live vaccine is essentially a mild artificial infection, which can not only cause a mild infection process similar to the virulence of the microorganism, but also be accompanied by inflammatory reaction.

　　From the immunological point of view, inflammatory reaction is caused by the interaction between antigen and antibody or sensitized lymphocytes, which leads to the release of various inflammatory mediators by cells or the activation of inflammatory mediators in plasma or tissue fluid. Although the inflammation caused by vaccination may cause damage to the recipients, it is also conducive to the exudation of complement and antibody in the blood and strengthen the defense function.

　　Q: How to deal with the general reaction after vaccination?

　　A: After vaccination, you should stay in the vaccination unit for at least 30 minutes. Some children will have some reactions after vaccination, such as low fever, local redness and swelling, and may be accompanied by general discomfort, such as burnout, loss of appetite and fatigue. The above symptoms usually last for 1 ~ 2 days and disappear without any treatment. Children who have the above reactions after vaccination should take a proper rest, drink plenty of boiled water and keep warm to prevent other diseases from secondary. If there is a serious reaction, you should seek medical advice in time.

　　Q: Can children with neonatal jaundice be vaccinated?

　　A: Jaundice is a common clinical symptom in neonatal period, which can be divided into two types: physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice.

　　Physiological jaundice refers to the newborn’s 2 ~ 3 days after birth, which first appears on the face and neck, and then spreads all over the skin of trunk and limbs, with slight yellow staining and yellow sclera, but the palms and soles are not yellow, and the blood bilirubin is less than 12 mg/L, which reaches its peak on the 4 ~ 6 days after birth. Full-term infants mostly subside within 7 ~ 10 days after birth, and premature infants can delay to the 3 ~ 4 weeks. Children with physiological jaundice, except jaundice, are in good health, without other clinical symptoms, have normal urine and stool color, do not need treatment, have a good prognosis, and can be vaccinated with various vaccines.

　　Pathological jaundice can be divided into infectious jaundice and non-infectious jaundice (hemolytic disease of newborn, biliary atresia, breast-feeding jaundice, genetic diseases and drug-induced jaundice). If neonatal jaundice occurs in one of the following situations, it should be considered whether it is pathological jaundice: jaundice occurs within 24 hours; The degree of jaundice is deep and progresses rapidly, exceeding 6 mg/d L； in one day; Blood bilirubin > 12 mg/l; Jaundice lasts more than 2 weeks or reappears after it subsides. Pathological jaundice is the manifestation of the disease, and it should be treated in time, and vaccination is not allowed.

　　Q: Can allergic constitution be vaccinated?

　　A: The so-called "allergic constitution" is not a contraindication for vaccination. Allergic reactions are mild and severe, and serious allergic reactions caused by vaccines are rare. Compared with the risk of illness without vaccination, the benefit of vaccination is greater. The so-called "allergic constitution" can be observed after vaccination. If there are allergic manifestations, they can be treated in time, which generally will not affect health (nor affect the vaccination effect). If you are seriously allergic to the known vaccine ingredients or have laryngeal edema, anaphylactic shock and other serious systemic allergic reactions due to vaccination in the past, it is forbidden to continue to vaccinate the same vaccine.

　　Q: What common diseases are not taboo for vaccination at present?

　　A: Physiological and breast-feeding jaundice, history of simple febrile convulsion, stable epilepsy control, congenital inherited metabolic diseases (congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, trisomy 21 syndrome, etc.), stable brain diseases, congenital heart disease, congenital infection (syphilis, cytomegalovirus and rubella virus), etc.

　　Q: Is it necessary to vaccinate Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: It is necessary. On the one hand, most people in our country have no immunity against Covid-19, and they are susceptible to Covid-19. After the onset of infection, some people will develop into critical illness and even cause death. After vaccination, on the one hand, most people can gain immunity, thus effectively reducing the risk of illness, severe illness and death; On the other hand, through the orderly vaccination of Covid-19 vaccine, we can gradually establish an immune barrier among the population, stop the epidemic of COVID-19, and restore the normal operation of China’s social economy and residents’ life as soon as possible.

　　Q: How does Covid-19 vaccine work in human body?

　　A: After vaccination, the human body will produce protective antibodies, and some vaccines will also make the human body have cellular immunity and form corresponding immune memory. In this way, the human body has immunity against diseases. Once Covid-19 invades the human body, antibodies produced by vaccines and cytokines released by cellular immunity can identify, neutralize or kill the virus, and immune memory can quickly mobilize the immune system to play a role, so that the virus cannot continue to proliferate in the body, thus achieving the purpose of preventing diseases.

　　Q: At present, how many kinds of Covid-19 vaccines have been approved for conditional marketing or emergency use in China?

　　A: Covid-19 vaccines from five manufacturers in China have been approved for conditional marketing or emergency use. Among them, there are 3 inactivated vaccines and 1 adenovirus vector vaccine approved for marketing conditionally; In addition, one recombinant Covid-19 vaccine (CHO cells) was approved for emergency use.

　　Q: Who are the approved vaccine manufacturers in Covid-19?

　　A: The three Covid-19 inactivated vaccine products that have been conditionally approved for marketing are produced by Sinopharm China Bio-Beijing Institute of Biological Products (Beijing Institute), Wuhan Institute of Biological Products (Wuhan Institute) and Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Kexing Zhongwei).

　　The adenovirus vector vaccine approved for marketing conditionally is produced by Kangxinuo Bio-stock Company (Kangxinuo).

　　The recombinant subunit vaccine approved for emergency use is produced by Anhui Zhifeilong Kema Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Zhifeilong Kema).

　　Q: At this stage, who is the target of Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: The vaccination target of Covid-19 vaccine in China is people aged 18 and above.

　　Q: At present, how many doses of Covid-19 vaccine are required to be used in China? How long is the interval?

　　A: At present, Covid-19 inactivated vaccine needs to be inoculated with two doses; The interval between the first dose and the second dose should be 3 weeks or more, and the second dose should be completed as soon as possible within 8 weeks after the first dose.

　　Adenovirus vector vaccine needs 1 dose.

　　The recombinant subunit vaccine needs 3 doses; The interval between the first dose and the second dose, and the interval between the second dose and the third dose are suggested to be 4 weeks or more. The second dose should be completed within 8 weeks after the first dose and the third dose should be completed within 6 months after the first dose.

　　Q: Where can I get the Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: Vaccination in Covid-19 is carried out in vaccination units approved by local health administrative departments. Usually, the inoculation unit is located in the health service center, township health center or general hospital in the jurisdiction. If vaccination involves some departments or enterprises with relatively concentrated key targets, some temporary vaccination units will be set up locally according to the situation.

　　The health administrative department or disease prevention and control institution in the jurisdiction will also announce the vaccination units that can carry out Covid-19 vaccination as required, including the location and service hours. Please pay attention to the relevant information release platform.

　　Q: What are the contraindications for COVID-19 vaccination?

　　A: The taboo of vaccination refers to the situation that vaccination should not be given. According to the Technical Guide for Vaccination in Covid-19 (First Edition), the common taboos for vaccination include: 1. Those who are allergic to the active ingredients, any inactive ingredients and substances used in the production process, or those who have been allergic to similar vaccines before; 2. Those who have had severe allergic reactions to vaccines in the past (such as acute allergic reactions, angioneurotic edema, dyspnea, etc.); 3. People with uncontrolled epilepsy and other serious nervous system diseases (such as transverse myelitis, guillain-barre syndrome, demyelinating diseases, etc.); 4. Those who are suffering from fever, or acute diseases, or acute attacks of chronic diseases, or patients with uncontrolled serious chronic diseases; 5. Pregnant women. Some taboos, such as fever, are temporary. When the situation that caused the taboo no longer exists, you can vaccinate later.

　　Q: How to find and grasp the taboo of vaccination?

　　A: During the operation, if the first dose of vaccine causes severe allergic reaction, and it cannot be ruled out that it is caused by the vaccine, it is not recommended to vaccinate the second dose. To understand the ingredients of the vaccine, people who have been allergic to the ingredients of the vaccine in the past cannot be vaccinated.

　　At the time of vaccination, the recipient should truthfully report the physical health status, disease history and allergy history to the vaccination doctor; The vaccination doctor will ask about the health status and past allergy history of the recipient.

　　Q: Can Covid-19 vaccines from different manufacturers replace vaccination?

　　A: According to the Technical Guide for Vaccination in Covid-19 (First Edition), it is suggested to complete the whole vaccination with inactivated Covid-19 vaccine from the same company at this stage. In case of special circumstances, such as the vaccine can’t continue to be supplied, the recipients are inoculated in different places, and the whole process of vaccination can’t be completed with the inactivated vaccine of Covid-19 from the same enterprise, the inactivated vaccine produced by other enterprises can be used to complete the vaccination.

　　Q: Where and how to vaccinate Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: At present, the five Covid-19 vaccines have been approved for inoculation in deltoid muscle of upper arm, and the inoculation route is intramuscular injection.

　　Q: What should we pay attention to in the process of vaccination in Covid-19?

　　A: During the vaccination process, the recipients should pay attention to and cooperate with the following matters:

　　Before vaccination, you should know about COVID-19’s disease, Covid-19’s vaccine and vaccination process in advance.

　　When vaccinating, you need to bring relevant certificates (ID card, passport, etc.), do personal protection according to local prevention and control requirements, cooperate with the on-site vaccination staff to ask, and truthfully provide information such as my health status and vaccination contraindications.

　　After inoculation, you need to stay for 30 minutes; Keep the skin of the inoculated area clean and avoid scratching the inoculated area with your hands; If there is any suspected adverse reaction, report it to the inoculation unit and seek medical treatment in time if necessary.

　　Q: Why do you have to stay on observation for half an hour after vaccination?

　　A: After vaccination, very few people may have acute allergic reactions and syncope. Acute allergic reactions that seriously endanger life safety often occur within 30 minutes after vaccination. In case of acute allergic reaction, you can take timely treatment measures at the scene. Syncope also occurs mostly within half an hour after inoculation. If you leave the observation site immediately after inoculation, you may cause accidental injury to the recipient due to syncope. Therefore, the recipients need to stay in the designated area of the vaccination unit for half an hour after vaccination.

　　Q: Why do you need a certain interval between doses of inactivated vaccine in Covid-19?

　　A: Usually, inactivated vaccines need to be vaccinated several times to achieve better immune effect. According to the clinical trial data, the first dose of inactivated vaccine in COVID-19 can stimulate the body to produce partial immune response, and the second dose can produce better immune effect. The interval between doses generally needs to be determined according to the results of clinical trials. If two doses of inoculation are not completed within the time required by the program interval, replanting should be done as soon as possible.

　　Q: How to replant those who have not completed the whole immunization program? Do you need to start over?

　　Answer: For vaccines with two or three doses of immunization, those who have not been vaccinated in the whole process are advised to replant the unfinished doses as soon as possible, and there is no need to restart vaccination according to the immunization program.

　　Q: Do people whose interval between two doses of inactivated Covid-19 vaccine is less than 3 weeks need replanting?

　　Answer: For those who have completed two doses of inactivated vaccine in Covid-19 within 14 days, one dose of inactivated vaccine should be replanted as soon as possible three weeks after the second dose. For those who complete 2 doses of inactivated Covid-19 vaccine in 14-21 days, there is no need to replant.

　　Q: Is it necessary to strengthen immunization after the whole vaccination of inactivated vaccine in Covid-19 at this stage?

　　A: Strengthening immunization is not recommended at this stage.

　　Q: It was suggested that HPV vaccine and Covid-19 vaccine should not be vaccinated at the same time. How long should the interval be?

　　A: Covid-19 vaccine is a new vaccine. In order to identify or distinguish possible suspected adverse reactions of vaccine, it is not recommended to vaccinate Covid-19 vaccine together with other vaccines (including HPV vaccine) at present. However, it doesn’t mean that you can’t vaccinate other vaccines after Covid-19 vaccination, but it is suggested that Covid-19 vaccine and other vaccines should be vaccinated more than two weeks apart. It must be noted that when rabies vaccine, tetanus vaccine and immunoglobulin need to be vaccinated urgently due to animal injury, trauma and other reasons, the vaccination interval with Covid-19 vaccine may not be considered.

　　Q: Can women of childbearing age and lactation be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: If you are pregnant after vaccination or have been vaccinated in the case of unknown pregnancy, based on the understanding of vaccine safety, it is not recommended to take special medical measures (such as termination of pregnancy) just because you have been vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine. It is recommended to do a good job in pregnancy examination and follow-up. For women who have a pregnancy plan, it is not necessary to delay the pregnancy plan just because of Covid-19 vaccination.

　　Although there is no clinical research data on the effect of Covid-19 vaccine on lactating infants, based on the understanding of vaccine safety, it is suggested to vaccinate lactating women (such as medical staff) who are at high risk of Covid-19 infection. Considering the importance of breast-feeding for infants’ nutrition and health, and referring to the international practice, it is suggested that breast-feeding should be continued after breast-feeding women are vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine.

　　Q: Can people aged 60 and above be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: People aged 60 and above are at high risk of severe illness and death after being infected with Covid-19. At present, the number of four phase III clinical trials of Covid-19 vaccine approved for marketing is limited, and the phase III trial of recombinant subunit vaccine is still in progress, and there is no data on the protective efficacy of the vaccine for this population. However, the data of the above-mentioned phase I/II clinical study of the vaccine show that the vaccination safety of this population is good. Compared with the population aged 18-59, the titer of neutralizing antibody after vaccination is slightly lower, but the positive conversion rate of neutralizing antibody is similar, suggesting that the vaccine will also have a certain protective effect on people over 60 years old, so vaccination is recommended.

　　Q: Can people with chronic diseases be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: People with chronic diseases are people with high risk of severe illness and death after being infected with Covid-19. People with chronic diseases with stable health and good drug control should not be considered as the taboo population for vaccination in Covid-19, so vaccination is recommended.

　　Q: Can people with impaired immune function be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?

　　A: People with impaired immune function are people with high risk of severe illness and death after Covid-19 infection. At present, there is no data on the safety and effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccine for this population (such as malignant tumor, nephrotic syndrome, AIDS patients) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people. The immune response and protective effect of this group of people may be reduced after vaccination. For inactivated vaccine and recombinant subunit vaccine, according to the safety characteristics of the same type of vaccine in the past, vaccination is recommended; For adenovirus vector vaccine, although the vector virus used is replication-deficient, there is no safety data of the same type of vaccine in the past. It is recommended to vaccinate after being fully informed that the benefits outweigh the risks.

　　Q: Do I need to get Covid-19 vaccine if I have been infected with Covid-19?

　　A: The existing research data show that it is rare to get reinfected in Covid-19 within 6 months after infection. Previous COVID-19 virus-infected people (patients or asymptomatic infected people) can receive one dose after 6 months on the basis of full notification.

　　Q: How long will it take to produce antibodies against Covid-19 after Covid-19 inactivated vaccine is inoculated?

　　A: According to the previous clinical trial of inactivated vaccine in Covid-19, the vaccinated population can have a good immune effect about two weeks after the second dose of inactivated vaccine is inoculated.

　　Q: Is it necessary to test antibodies before and after vaccination?

　　A: There is no need to carry out Covid-19 nucleic acid and antibody testing before vaccination; Routine antibody detection after vaccination is not recommended as the basis for successful immunization.

　　Q: Do I still need to do nucleic acid testing after Covid-19 vaccination? Can vaccination certificate replace nucleic acid test report?

　　Answer: After vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine, a very small number of the recipients still have positive nucleic acid test or illness due to protection failure: 1. After the whole vaccination, some people failed to get effective protection due to immune failure. After exposure to Covid-19, this group of people may be infected with Covid-19 and have positive nucleic acid test or illness. 2. It takes some time to produce protective effect after vaccination. If you are infected with Covid-19 during this period, you may detect nucleic acid positive or get sick. 3. Patients who are in the incubation period of the disease or asymptomatic infected people may still detect nucleic acid positive or get sick because they have been infected even after vaccination.

　　These people may become infected persons. When the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19 needs to be screened for nucleic acid, Covid-19 vaccination certificate cannot replace the nucleic acid test report, and it is necessary to cooperate with relevant departments to carry out nucleic acid test.

　　Q: After the mutation in Covid-19, is Covid-19 vaccine still effective?

　　A: According to the global monitoring of Covid-19 mutation, there is no evidence that virus mutation will invalidate the existing Covid-19 vaccine. Virus is one of the simplest organisms, and its proliferation depends on living cells. In the process of proliferation, the virus will mutate. The World Health Organization, research institutions in various countries, vaccine manufacturers, etc. are paying close attention to the mutation situation in Covid-19, and are also carrying out related research, which will provide early warning and scientific analysis basis for the follow-up vaccine development and application.

　　Q: What are the common adverse reactions of vaccination in Covid-19?

　　A: According to the results of the previous clinical trial of Covid-19 vaccine and the information collected during emergency use, the common adverse reactions of Covid-19 vaccine in China are basically similar to those of other vaccines that have been widely used. Common adverse reactions are mainly manifested as redness, induration and pain at the inoculation site, as well as clinical manifestations such as fever, fatigue, nausea, headache and muscle soreness. Relevant departments will continue to strengthen the real-time monitoring and evaluation of adverse reactions.

　　Q: Will our prevention and control measures be adjusted after vaccination in COVID-19?

　　A: For individuals, the protective effect of vaccination is not 100%, and it takes some time to produce protective antibodies. For the population, Covid-19 is still easy to spread without forming an immune barrier. Therefore, in order to prevent the COVID-19 epidemic from rebounding, some prevention and control measures should still be adhered to at this stage, including wearing masks, keeping social distance, washing hands frequently, ventilation and other protective measures. The prevention and control measures for COVID-19 epidemic will be adjusted in time with the improvement of vaccine coverage rate in COVID-19 and the change of epidemic situation at home and abroad.

　　Graduates enter the Chiudaba Gymnasium on a department-by-department basis, while Ernest & Young Rui is only one person. During his four years as an undergraduate, he has become accustomed to such a scene.

　　The college leaders plucked the ears for Ernest & Young Rui, and the end of this session meant that he had officially graduated from Peking University with a happy expression on his face.

　　While waiting in line to take graduation photos, students from the school joked with him: "For a graduation ceremony alone, you are popular, and this bouquet of flowers is for you."

　　He was preparing to leave the school around July 10, and was going to pack his things in the dormitory into cardboard boxes. Because he was about to stay on campus for graduate school, his luggage could also be stored in the dormitory during the holidays.

　　After the graduation ceremony, Ernest & Young Rui went to meet their graduate advisor and left a selfie while passing by Peking University Library. He said that in the next five years, it will be his most frequent place.

　　Holding up his phone, looking up, looking up, smiling, this summer, on the banks of Weiming Lake, under the Boya Tower, in front of the library, and at the entrance of Yuanpei College, Ernest & Young Rui, a paleontology major at Peking University, completed one "graduation photo after another" in a standard selfie pose.

　　Like his senior sister Xue Yifan, who graduated two years ago, these photos also made Ernest & Young angry. Four years ago, when he was admitted to Yanyuan with the top 20 results in Guizhou Province, he did not expect that the future experience would be so special.

　　During high school, this boy from Guiyang was interested in physics, biology, Chinese, and history. After the college entrance examination, it was difficult to choose a professional direction, so he chose Yuanpei College as an experimental field for thorough training.

　　In the first two years of college, like other students in the college, he took a large number of general education courses. After studying courses such as "Paleontology", his interest in this direction gradually became stronger, so he chose to major in paleontology in his junior year and became the "only seedling" of this major. Since Peking University established this direction in 2008, only six graduates have graduated in total, which is known as "six generations of single biography".

　　一个人的专业，并非一个人的课堂。因为古生物学主要以化石为研究材料，小安选修了多门生物学、地质地层方面的课程，他经常同地球与空间科学学院和生命科学学院的学生同堂听课，讨论专业问题。他的跨学科导师团队也不简单，城市与环境学院的周力平和地球与空间科学学院的黄宝琦两位老师都曾指导他写论文。

　　生活中，与元培学院的同学为伍，学习上，则跟外院同学结伴，在别人看来似乎有些孤单割裂之感，小安却习以为常，“这让我在两边都能找到一定的归属感。”

　　在贵阳郊区长大的安永睿，从小就对山川、河流、大地等地质地貌感兴趣。对于世界的探索之心，在十几岁时便已萌发。初中时，小安经常独自出游，选择假期的一天，一早出发，晚上归家。踏遍农田，探访山林，走走城区，他总在寻找不一样的风景，几年下来，他的足迹已遍及贵阳周边十几个县市的200多个乡镇。

　　小安是个典型的南方男孩儿，外表斯文安静，说话语速较慢，笑起来还有些害羞。或许是为了弥补在专业上的孤单，他在社团活动中寻找自己的精彩。大二，他参与创建北大徒步爱好者协会，经常和大家一起去香山、妙峰山等地徒步，用双脚走上二三十公里，对他而言小菜一碟，他的最高纪录是在贵阳老家花一天时间走了80多公里。大四，他还加入北大最出名的社团山鹰社，去过雾灵山、百花山、海坨山等地拉练。小安也在提升自己的文艺细胞，他会唱京剧、昆曲、越剧和泉州南音。不过，大学四年，没能找到属于自己的坐在自行车后座的女孩，让他直呼“相当遗憾”。

　　如今，小安已保送北大城市与环境学院攻读直博学位，研究神秘的第四纪地质学方向，继续探寻古生物界的奥秘。他期待着，如自己喜欢的《原乡人》所唱的那般，“我走过丛林山岗，也走过白雪茫茫，看到了山川的风貌，也听到了大地在成长。”

　 　 　 　Directed by Yachun Dong, starring Tang Guoqiang and Ding Yongdai, and starring Sun Weimin, WangZhifei, Liu Zhibing, Yao Gang, Wang Ting, Wang Tonghui, Liu Tao and Chen Kaixin, the film "Crossing the Yalu River", which shows the great war to resist US aggression and aid Korea, has recently been shown in national cinemas. Many viewers have entered the cinema, recalling the epic history and remembering the revolutionary martyrs.

　 　 　 　The film Crossing the Yalu River is a "panoramic, epic" major revolutionary historical work that shows the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. The film material is basically taken from a TV series of the same name "Crossing the Yalu River" which premiered in the central government at the end of last year. Forty episodes of TV series were condensed into two and a half hours of movies, which were told for the first time from the perspective of Peng Dehuai, commander and political commissar of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army. From the strategic thinking of the central leadership, the battlefield strategy of the volunteers generals, the bloody battles of the frontline volunteers and other dimensions, the epic battles in the East-West Line and five battles were reproduced, and the magnificent history was fully restored.

　 　 　 　?

　 　 　 　"When the volunteer soldiers fought in the front, the dangers we encountered were unimaginable. I am very grateful to have such a work to restore this history, so that we can feel the ruthlessness of the war through movies, feel the selflessness and greatness of the revolutionary ancestors, and be immortal. China Volunteers, the most lovely person!" Walking out of the cinema, Ms. Li, an audience in Haikou, said emotionally.

　 　 　 　It is reported that since the film "Crossing the Yalu River" was released, many viewers have expressed "want to see it", and enterprises and institutions plan to organize employees to watch the movie in a centralized way. "At present, our studio has received booking orders from several units, which will be available tomorrow and the day after tomorrow." The person in charge of Xingyu IMAX Studios Haikou Wuyue Plaza Store said.

　 　 　 The film Crossing the Yalu River was produced by the Central Radio and Television General Station, produced by the TV Drama Documentary Center of the General Station, produced by the China TV Drama Production Center of the General Station, and jointly produced by Huaxia Film Distribution Co., Ltd.

The modern idol drama "Love in Spring", co-starred by Li Xian and Zhou Yutong, has officially ended. This drama was broadcast during the prime time of CCTV 8, and the ratings have been poor. Whenever there is no high-rated drama milk in front, it drops to 0.9 on average, and the lowest peak is about 0.7. Under the chassis of CCTV eight sets, it is a very low achievement to start with 1 casually and break 2 easily.

However, after it opened in Douban, everyone found that its score was not low, and 7.7 was a qualified modern idol drama. Therefore, Zhou Yutong, the heroine, is also said by everyone that no matter how popular she is, even after a circle of hot male artists cooperate, she is still cold.

The continuous ratings of Shangxing are all countdown.

If anyone’s brother and sister can have works to meet with you on CCTV, fans will inevitably take them out and brag about them. Especially under the background of the times when everyone shouts that broadcasting is victory, it is not easy to go to the stars, let alone be able to go to CCTV.

For example, even for top-class users like Andy and Dilraba, their TV series can be broadcast on Shangxing Channel, and it will take a long time for fans to set off firecrackers. Not to mention that if other idol artists can participate in the drama released by CCTV, they can’t walk sideways, because it shows that the drama is recognized from the production company to the content.

From last year to now, Zhou Yutong is an artist who has exported a lot. A modern idol drama "It’s just love", a costume drama "Young Tales of the Great Song Dynasty II", and then the just-concluded "Lover in Spring". Without kicking, there are new dramas, and all three of them met with you in front of the TV. However, the result of meeting is not so happy.

She and Leo starred in "Just Love", the hit period was Yunhe in 1875, and CVB was released in the eighth year. Well, let’s just say that the drama of falling in love is not in line with the audience of CCTV 8, and it is not to their appetite.

Then, a minority drama with a very good reputation, called the original team, was the same screenwriter as Joy of Life, and met with you at Hunan Satellite TV, the place with the largest young audience. In the end, CVB ratings are in the top five in the history of Hunan Satellite TV.

The just-concluded "Spring Lovers", eight sets of CVB of CCTV fell below 0.8, and the webcasting was not too bad, and it should be able to break 20 million. Although less than half a year has passed in 2024, it is obviously a countdown of CCTV eight sets. For two years, it’s the countdown of CCTV’s eight sets. I don’t know what Zhou Yutong thinks in his heart. Satellite TV itself is probably a sweat.

Acting skills pass CP is not enough.

Practically speaking, Zhou Yutong’s acting skills are not too bad. She even has the title of "chosen migrant worker" on a small book platform. Because most of the performances are modern dramas, the smell of social animals on my face makes everyone feel very real. She doesn’t have the grounding gas of a female star, and she has a badge around her neck, as if she really is an urban white-collar worker in the cubicle of an office building. In other words, people think that Zhou Yutong’s acting skills are up to standard, and people don’t play in the process of chasing plays. Zhou Yutong’s mouth spit out opinions and experiences about the workplace, which is not very contrary. However, we don’t think that the CP between Zhou Yutong and others is very impressive.

Far away, let’s take a recent play with Li Xian. There are a lot of kissing scenes between them, which is definitely a mutual pull between adults. Do what you have to do, it’s unambiguous. When the two actors went to sweep the building together during the TV series, Zhou Yutong and innocent girl, who had slightly curly hair and slim and beautiful figure, stood beside Li Xian, and the two men were beautiful. Do you feel CP? Absolutely, but it is far from the level of letting everyone go to the top, and it lacks the feeling of indescribable chemistry.

It is no wonder that people often say that CP sense is a kind of metaphysics, which is mysterious and wonderful. No matter what the audience does between two actors, a little subtle spark can make everyone intoxicated. Zhou Yutong, there is no such feeling, she is beautiful, she looks very tasty, and she stands with Li Xian very tasteful. However, this smell is not enough to make everyone feel infatuated and unable to stop.

The resources are ok, and sooner or later, the fire will come out.

Fortunately, Zhou Yutong’s resources are quite good. The reason for such a dense broadcast is that there has always been a drama at hand, and the cooperation is all popular actors, and the popular traffic of Leo, Li Xian and Song Weilong has swept past one by one.

The problem is that at this stage, everyone may be persistent actors, and they have to rely on CP to get angry. In fact, slowly, everyone will find that some people are not angry, which is also a way of fire. Everyone insists that they can’t spit out the fire, which is another kind of fire.

　　Recently, respiratory diseases have been high.

　　"Syncytial virus" topped the hot search list.

　　Some netizens asked questions.

　　"What is this?"

　　Syncytial virus is not a new respiratory disease.

　　Syncytial virus is not a new respiratory disease, and there was an anti-seasonal epidemic this summer.

　　Tang Zhichao, deputy director of the Department of Disease Control, Shunyi Women and Children Hospital, Beijing Children’s Hospital, said that respiratory syncytial virus is the most important virus pathogen that causes acute lower respiratory infection in children under 5 years old worldwide. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the primary cause of hospitalization of infants with viral respiratory infection, which seriously harms children’s health, especially premature infants and infants with congenital heart disease or primary immunodeficiency.

　　Children and adults can be infected.

　　Source: Yangguang. com

　　Syncytial virus is an RNA virus, which is transmitted by droplets and close contact, or by contaminated hands and objects. Patients often have upper respiratory symptoms after infection.

　　The incubation period of syncytial virus is usually 2-8.
Days, detoxification can last for 1-3 weeks. Early infection is mostly confined to the upper respiratory tract, showing symptoms of upper respiratory tract such as nasal congestion, runny nose, cough and hoarseness.

　　The typical symptoms of children infected with syncytial virus are fever, cough, stuffy nose and runny nose.

　　The typical symptoms of adult infection are very similar to the common cold, such as low-grade fever, cough, stuffy nose and runny nose.

　　Most patients’ symptoms will disappear spontaneously within 1-2 weeks, and a small number can develop into lower respiratory tract infection (i.e. bronchiolitis or pneumonia), which is more common in young infants. Clinical symptoms include cough and wheezing.

　　Gao Weiwei, chief physician of neonatal respiratory department of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, said that syncytial virus is about 2.5 times as contagious as influenza.

　　At present, there are no syncytial virus vaccines and special therapeutic drugs on the market in China. Syncytial virus can be repeatedly infected and easily spread at home. In the absence of vaccines and effective drugs, measures such as strengthening personal protection should be taken to prevent infection.

　　The doctor reminds: Don’t overdo it and don’t "mix and match".

　　Recently, Xiao Zhao, a 16-year-old high school student, was admitted to the emergency intensive care unit for taking four kinds of cold medicines. Xiao Zhao found that she had symptoms of a cold and a little fever, so she took ibuprofen and crack at the same time. After taking the medicine, he felt that his symptoms were not obviously relieved, so he added two other cold medicines, which is equivalent to taking four cold medicines together.

　　Source: CCTV News

　　Gan Yongxiong, Chief Physician of Emergency Intensive Care Unit of Fangqiao Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University: After being sent to the hospital, after our doctor’s judgment, we finally made it clear that it was acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis, which was the effect of the superposition of these cold medicines on the kidneys.

　　The doctor reminded not to take too much medicine and not to "mix and match". Patients should pay attention to the drug instructions when taking drugs by themselves, and should not increase or decrease the types and doses of drugs at will. Even if you only take one drug, you can’t increase or decrease the dose at will. If multiple drugs need to be taken at the same time, it is best to consult a doctor in advance and take them according to the doctor’s advice. If you accidentally take too much medicine and cause discomfort, you should seek medical advice in time, inform the doctor in detail about the recent medication, and actively cooperate with the treatment.

　　In view of the recent increase in the number of outpatient and emergency departments in some places and the increase in the number of children infected with respiratory diseases, the responsible comrades of the National Health and Wellness Commission answered questions of concern to some people, especially the families of children, in an interview on November 23.

　　Q:

　　Recently, many local children’s specialized hospitals are overcrowded. What measures has National Health Commission taken to relieve them?

　　A:

　　Recently, we have continued to pay attention to the diagnosis and treatment of children susceptible to infectious diseases during the high incidence period, and guided all localities to strengthen overall planning and implement a graded diagnosis and treatment system.

　　Q:

　　Some community hospitals have recently set up inspection services for children, but some parents are worried that the lack of diagnosis and treatment capacity in community hospitals will delay their children’s illness. What should I do?

　　A:

　　National Health Commission has asked all localities to give full play to the role of medical associations, strengthen technical guidance to primary medical and health institutions, and improve the diagnosis and treatment ability of common infections and the efficiency of severe identification and referral.

　　Q:

　　Which hospitals are qualified to accept children with respiratory tract infection?

　　A:

　　National Health Commission has instructed all localities to publicize the information of medical institutions that can provide pediatric diagnosis and treatment services in the region, so as to facilitate the nearest medical treatment.

　　Q:

　　What should children do after they have a fever and cough?

　　A:

　　Large hospitals are crowded with people, waiting for a long time, and the risk of cross-infection is high. It is suggested that children with mild symptoms should first go to primary medical and health institutions and pediatrics of general hospitals. After seeing a doctor in a children’s specialist hospital, they can also be referred to primary medical institutions for follow-up treatment or home treatment through medical associations.

　　Q:

　　What conditions must the child go to the hospital for medical treatment?

　　A:

　　According to experts’ advice, children should take their children to see a doctor in time if they have ultra-high fever or persistent fever for more than three days, frequent cough affects their normal life, poor mental state or even drowsiness, increased respiratory rate or dyspnea, frequent vomiting, rash, headache or convulsions.

　　From: Xinhua Viewpoint

Titanium Media Note: On September 16th, Tencent announced its strategic shareholding in sogou. Wang Xiaochuan said that relying on sogou’s technological innovation and cooperation with Tencent’s big platform, PC search will be rapidly established, which will become the only challenge and subversive force in the industry in wireless search and social search. Ma Huateng also said that it is a bit sad to give up the brand search. But in the long run, it is most important for everyone to unite. (See related reports for details.?Wang Xiaochuan Ruyi Away from Zhou Hongyi: Future Search, Three Points in the World.?Link:https://www.tmtpost.com/63965.html、"sogou was strategically invested by Tencent, the status of controlling shareholder was preserved, and Wang Xiaochuan was also retained." Link:https://www.tmtpost.com/63946.html?)

But is the future really so optimistic? What are the lessons of the "sacrificial" search? The following is the contribution of Liu Huafang, the author of titanium media. The Soso fiasco has also become a classic case in enterprise management.

Tencent invested in sogou with Soso and hundreds of millions of dollars, accounting for 36.5% of the shares. Everyone is talking about the big event. Let me talk about the classic case of search market and Soso failure. Personally, I think that Soso failure is a nerd-like debacle of MBA, and the strategy of mechanical module+money+big strategy is not as pragmatic and gradual as Wang Xiaochuan’s.

The domestic search market can’t stand on its own two feet. Baidu firmly holds more than 70% of the monetizable market share, and the remaining 30% share is not enough to support the monetization of the two search engines. I don’t believe that sogou or 360 can beat Baidu or seize a lot of Baidu’s market share. The new sogou is going to seize the second place in the search market with 360 search, and the third place won’t make much money even if it is alive for a long time.

Due to the stability of the search market, the high cost of search technology and operation, the high cost of acquiring users and the high cost of developing advertising channels, there will be no three-legged situation in the search market for a long time, search is not news, and there will be no more four portal stories.

Sogou and Soso merged, and Soso’s high-value differentiated products are street view, inquiry and mobile search; Compared with Soso, sogou has a more perfect advertising sales channel and a relatively perfect alliance system. Sogou browser gives sogou some relatively low-cost traffic.

What sogou needs to face directly is not Baidu, but 360 Search. 360 Company has a wolf-like boss and tough execution. At the same time, Zhou Hongyi knows the sales channels of search advertisements like the back of his hand. Because he used to be the boss of search, the new sogou wants to face a cruel reality: with 360 Search, he seized the only ticket for monetizing search.

As a general search, the user scale determines the algorithm quality, and the algorithm quality determines the advertising accuracy. The construction of the search ecological closed loop is a work that must be completed, and the new sogou needs time to seize market share and monetize the search with 360 search.

When two big companies merge, their corporate culture, technical framework, corporate politics and market channels need to be integrated. If the integration is not good, there will be a wave of resignation, and product integration is the biggest problem. In the past, sogou was built based on Sohu user system, and some sub-products still use Sohu sub-domain. The email address of sogou enterprises is rotten to death. After accessing Tencent’s huge investment, how to connect or integrate sogou user system with Tencent’s large platform user system will be an important part of the final success of the cooperation between the two parties.

Baidu has evolved into the middle page strategy stage, which is not in the same dimension as sogou and 360 search. 360 has expanded the scale of registered users with the help of browsers, and sogou is obviously weak in this respect; Sogou brand has achieved public awareness by means of input method, but the installation channel of input method is unknown, and the proportion of installed equipment is unknown, which affects the real arrival rate of the brand; Soso Ask is a relatively complete and mature knowledge product, which can be directly used. Soso Picture Search is also good. Soso Ask can complete sogou’s knowledge search, and Soso Encyclopedia can also complete Sogou Encyclopedia. From the perspective of product integrity, Soso Many products are actually very good. Sogou’s web search and video search are better, while news search is still better than sogou’s.

Human factors: good search skills, but no personality.In the embrace of big Tencent, there is no sense of existence of Soso. How does Tencent’s cluster management face the following conflicts or leaks between team creativity, individuality and group cultural style? Tencent has money, but does Soso have a hunger for independent entrepreneurship? Does Soso team grow under the pressure of survival goals? In the dominant market, the rich second generation can succeed quickly, and in the inferior market, the poor people’s hard-working spirit is needed.

Marketing:Ma Huateng said in an interview that Soso technology is good, but it can’t be sold. Why not? Tencent has the ability to input traffic, technical ability and user scale, but the marketing of Soso has not effectively operated in the closed-loop chain of search ecology.Take the Soso Alliance as an example. In recent years, it has done the same as rotten cabbage. The shortage of search advertisements can be supplemented by tencent games advertisements. The alliance is not used to make money or divide money., but user marketing, 200,000 stations to play with you, that is, 200,000 word-of-mouth propagandists.

Brand public relations: I have never felt the existence of Soso brand public relations.In Soso in Xing Hongyu’s era, at least I know that Soso knows you better. Now the differentiation of Soso brand has been completely submerged and disappeared. Soso’s public relations are as soft as sheep, searching for all kinds of wars, and even Zhongsou wants to come in and brush the sense of existence, but almost no sign of Soso can be seen. The public relations department of Soso has not released the uniqueness and presence of Soso, which is a major reason for the failure of Soso. The outside world knows that Soso and the Soso team have only one channel.

Innovative and not creative:Why do you say that? Is it Monday morning quarterback? There are many innovations in products such as maps and street scenes, but there is no creativity in the combination of overall search products and brand strategy. Of course, some netizens will say that Liu Huafang is a bird and doesn’t know anything, so let me say a few more words:

• 1. In a fully competitive market, I think that brushing the sense of existence is the common mission of products and brands. It does not exist in the minds of netizens, and no amount of traffic is a waste.

• 2. Soso didn’t launch @soso.com e-mail: Since Tencent has a complete e-mail platform and enterprise e-mail platform at @qq.com, as the second suffix brand of Tencent e-mail, @soso.com can make Soso feel a sense of existence every day.
• 3. The big platform tied the search hand: the acquisition of discuz was accompanied by a statistical system developed by Kangsheng at that time (it should be like this). Website statistics is the closest product to the network alliance, because they are all for webmasters and publisher. Strangely, statistics are tied to social platforms, and their functions are chicken-ribbed. Statistics should be given to Soso, and it is also an important medium for Soso to carry out scale marketing.
• 4. It’s incredible that the Soso Alliance was launched so early, developed so slowly, and its strategy was so rigid. Even if its own bidding advertisements can’t be sold, it can also bring in advertising resources such as pat-on-the-net merchants. That’s what Ali’s mother did. Didn’t sogou quickly improve its bidding sales performance by relying on Ali’s advertising resources?

　　Cctv newsIn Tongzi County, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, there is such a rural teacher. In the past thirty years, he has made unremitting efforts to raise money for poor local students. Thanks to his efforts, none of the local poor students dropped out of school because of family financial difficulties. Up to now, he has helped thousands of poor students.

　　This is Chloe Wang, a caring person in Zhejiang, and cost of living allowance, who gave this (child) subsidy. This is 400 yuan in May.

　　At present, the person who is handing over the donation from caring people to Zhou Xiaoqiang, a villager in Shuihe Village, Jiuba Town, Tongzi County, is called Huang Jinlong. Zhou Xiaoqiang is an accurate poverty alleviation household in the village. There are four people in the family. His eyes and face are sick, his wife is mentally handicapped, and his elderly mother fell to the cervical vertebra a few years ago. All three adults are on subsistence allowances, and the remaining one is a child who just attended kindergarten. Due to the difficulties of life, Huang Jinlong helped to contact a caring person in Zhejiang and began to support his family in December last year.

　　Villager Zhou Xiaoqiang:It’s difficult for little kids to go to school. We need this money every half semester. Teacher Huang needs caring people to help us, so it’s better. I really want to thank him and Mr. Huang for finding caring people to help us.

　　It is understood that this year is the 30th year for Huang Jinlong to raise money for poor local students.

　　In 1988, Mr Huang Jinlong began to help poor students for the first time. At that time, his monthly salary was two or three hundred yuan, and every year he had to pay several thousand yuan in tuition for poor students. Sometimes even his salary is not deductible. Although his family understood and supported him after his persuasion, after several years, Mr. Huang felt that this was not a long-term solution.

Jinlong Huang

　　Jinlong HuangIn 1988, I did it alone. Later, there were too many poor students. I thought that one person’s strength was too thin, so I thought of foreign aid and let more caring people lend a helping hand.

　　Running around for half your life is only for one and you can’t be less.

　　Since 1991, while teaching, Huang Jinlong has officially started the road of asking for foreign aid. And there is only one belief in his heart: no less for one.

　　With the information of poor students from his own field survey, Huang Jinlong asked around where there were good people who were willing to help them go to school. After finding individuals, Huang Jinlong began to look for unit funding.

　　Jinlong HuangSometimes the door is closed, but there are still many good people in the world, and many people lend a helping hand.

　　In order to make his love action open and transparent, from the very beginning, he always sought one-on-one support from caring people or organizations for poor students, leaving contact information with each other. Except for a few poor families who don’t withdraw money or are handed over by their loved ones at their request, most of the subsidies are directly paid to the bank cards of poor students or their parents.

　　Funded student Xu MeimeiWhen I first entered the first year of high school, Mr. Huang began to support me (contact caring people). I am very grateful to Mr. Huang for helping me.

　　Supported student Yao ZhengchaoSometimes I feel that parents and relatives help us because of blood relationship, which seems to be an obligation, but in fact, these caring people who help me, whether they are sisters or aunts, I feel that their hearts are particularly touching me. Especially those like Mr. Huang, have been doing it all the time.

　　In 2006, Huang Jinlong retired as a teacher of Pujia Primary School in Jiuba Town, Tongzi County. However, the search for caring people for poor students has not stopped.

　　After 30 years’ continuous efforts in Huang Jinlong, he connected more than 1,000 poor students with caring people and organizations, and raised more than 1.5 million yuan in total, which enabled them to successfully complete their studies.

Bi Changhe, Principal of Pujia Primary School in Jiuba Town, Tongzi County

　　Bi Changhe, Principal of Pujia Primary School in Jiuba Town, Tongzi CountyWith his help, there is almost no such situation that you can’t afford to read books because of family poverty. Our students are 100% in school. None of them dropped out of school because of poverty.

　　Jinlong HuangI am happy as soon as they are well, because they can stand out and change their destiny with knowledge. As long as they can finish their studies, study hard and go to work, my heart will be put down. Of course I’m happy.

Special feature of 1905 film network With the coming of summer vacation, domestic movies have once again set off a sea fever. On July 9th, the film directed by Japan was released, which was well received by local audiences. On the same day, the theme film was released in cinemas in Britain, Ireland and the United Arab Emirates. On July 16th,, starring in the word-of-mouth masterpiece, will also land in the Japanese cinema market.

Prior to this, many important commercial blockbusters have been shown overseas. It has become a trend for domestic film and television works to go to sea.

"We need more movies to go out and tell in the world language, which may be more acceptable to the world when we go out." At the main forum for the opening of the 24th Shanghai International Film Festival in Golden Goblet Awards, the president of Wanda Culture Group said so. The "world language" here refers not only to the universal values that are easy to understand, but also to the translation of texts when in Rome.

Excellent translation can often add luster to film and television works and overcome the cognitive differences brought by different cultures to the greatest extent. On the other hand, it may become one of the important reasons why a masterpiece is not acclimatized. With the increasing demand for "going out", the competition in the domestic translation industry has become fierce.

The competition between old and new "players" is fierce.　

Domestic film and television dramas have been at sea for a long time.In 2016, in order to encourage more China films to go global, the National Committee for the Management of Special Funds for the Development of Film Industry decided to reward domestic films whose box office income in overseas markets reached more than 1 million yuan. In 2017, China International Television Corporation initiated the establishment of "Film and Television Culture Import and Export Enterprise Collaboration" to help more film and television works go out to sea. Encouraged by various policies, domestic film and television works collectively accelerated to the sea.

In this context, many professional translation companies, such as Oracle bones and bones, vivid language association and so on, began to enter the film and television translation industry. When new and old players get together, the competition will escalate.

"At present, the industry should be in a white-hot stage of competition, which is very market-oriented. The scattered competition pattern for many years has undergone a trend change. With the accumulation of resources, production and organizational capabilities, the mature team that has passed the test has stood still. " Jiang Zheng, CEO of Jiaguyi (Beijing) Translation Co., Ltd., admitted in an interview with 1905 Film Network that the fierce competition in the industry far exceeds the imagination of the outside world. Previously, the company had participated in the translation of Chinese and foreign films.

According to enterprise survey data, there are 95 related enterprises whose current business scope includes "film and television translation/script translation/film translation/TV translation". Among them, 69 companies are in business and exist. In the 10 years since 2011, the number of registered enterprises has generally fluctuated and declined. In 2011, there was only one new registered enterprise, and it increased significantly in 2018, reaching 27. In 2019 and 2020, the number of registrations was 8 and 3 respectively. In the first half of 2021, a related enterprise was added.

In addition to local enterprises, film and television translation companies have to face competition from foreign teams. What kind of translation company is more likely to win in the competition? "If it’s a hard standard, first of all, we prefer companies with experience in Chinese translation, because its language and expression will be more accurate. In addition, according to the budget and release schedule, we will choose whether to find a foreign team or a domestic team for translation. " He Yuan, the head of the distribution business of the international distribution department of Chinese film industry, gave his own experience. The company has participated in the overseas distribution of domestic blockbusters such as The Wandering Earth and A Writer’s Odyssey, which made her know more about the selection criteria of translation companies.

At present, some domestic film and television translation companies have begun to set up translation bases overseas, and the service scope is showing the trend of global coverage. In the future, the translation work related to the overseas distribution of domestic films will be more convenient and fast.

"Language" is rare.

For domestic film and television dramas, the translation company will provide one-stop packaging service of "translation+dubbing+subtitles".

This kind of packaging service is usually charged according to the duration. The price per minute ranges from hundreds to thousands of yuan, and the works must meet the broadcasting standards of the corresponding media in the landing country. For a 90-minute domestic film, the cost of translation usually ranges from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of yuan. In the process of translation, compared with major languages such as English, Spanish, French, Arabic and Russian, the cost of small languages such as Thai and Malay is higher.

"As far as languages are concerned, based on the same translation standards, because there are more companies that translate English, the price is relatively cheap. Some uncommon, such as some languages in northern Europe, will be relatively more expensive. " He Yuan believes that the charging logic is that the rarer the language, the scarcer the translation resources, and the charging is naturally relatively high. In addition to the scarcity of language itself, the types of film and television content (animation, drama, film) and the resources of the dubbing company itself will affect the price.

In terms of dubbing, large domestic translation companies usually hire professional actors from the country where the distribution is located to dub, and each person has a corner. The addition of professional actors will also increase the overall translation cost. Some irresponsible small translation companies, sometimes under the pressure of cost, may employ local students to dub, and one person with multiple angles and low-quality output. In the process of practice, translation companies sometimes need to do as the Romans do, so as to overcome the barriers of understanding caused by cultural differences.

"The lines are mainly presented in the form of dialogue, so the screenwriter will design some slang and idioms for the characters as lines in order to express the characters and plots concisely, vividly and vividly. When the company encounters such lines, the principle is to restore the meaning of these slang and idioms as much as possible, or to translate them by loan or free, and the most taboo is to use’ word interpretation’ translation. " Jiang Zheng believes that when in Rome, do as the Romans do is not a rigid literal translation, but a comprehensive plot and object, smooth and silent transformation.

For example, if the idiom Zhuge Liang is translated literally, foreign audiences will be at a loss. And translated into English slang "It’s easy to be wise after the event", foreign audiences will understand. For another example, in the foreign film "love me love my dog", Chinese suddenly understood by borrowing the Chinese idiom "Love my dog".

Domestic overseas distribution When doing overseas new media distribution, subtitle translation sometimes takes hearing-impaired audiences into account.

"Because when they are watching movies, it is difficult for them to get information such as background sound, such as the tone of the speaker, whether he is crying or laughing, etc., and we need to add this information to the subtitles when we translate." He Yuan revealed this. Translation should not only do as the Romans do, but also be people-oriented

Overseas simultaneous release gradually normalized.

In recent years, during important schedules, overseas Chinese in some areas can watch domestic blockbusters simultaneously for the first time. For example, films such as The Wandering Earth and A Writer’s Odyssey in the Spring Festival and My People，My Country in the National Day were released overseas simultaneously.

Among them, the A Writer’s Odyssey for the Spring Festival in 2021 was released in other regions except Chinese mainland, and also dubbed in English, Russian, German, Italian, Thai and other languages, and will continue to arrange translation work in other languages including French in the future.

At the beginning of the project, the relevant translation and distribution work were synchronized or even carried out in advance. The sooner the relevant companies enter the overseas distribution stage, the more they can cooperate with the film side, formulate a more detailed overall distribution plan, and the simultaneous distribution will be smoother.

According to past experience, domestic film and television dramas are popular in Southeast Asia and countries along the Belt and Road."Because of the success of the grand strategy of the Belt and Road construction, the demand for film and television content in China has increased in its neighboring countries, and the excellent film and television content in China has gone out, which is also a boost to the economic construction of the Belt and Road to some extent." Jiang Zheng’s outspoken cultural exchange with a long history has become the main reason for the popularity of domestic film and television dramas in the above areas.

In the eyes of the industry, Southeast Asia is a traditional region and market for the export of domestic film and television dramas, and cultural familiarity is a natural advantage. Whether the works can be broadcasted, whether the content theme can resonate with the audience in the landing country is the key.In the future, what outstanding domestic film and television works will be released overseas?summermovie seasonHeatedChinese DoctorsWaiting for the film, maybe it is already on the way to the sea.

　　On June 7, the national college entrance examination kicked off, and the first Chinese test question caused heated discussion.

　　An Analysis of The Paper’s Obtaining Authority from the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education said that in 2019, the Chinese proposition of the college entrance examination fully implemented the party’s education policy and the spirit of the National Education Conference, promoted the reform of the college entrance examination content based on the evaluation system of the college entrance examination, systematically implemented the fundamental task of educating people in Lide, and systematically promoted the all-round cultivation of morality, intelligence, beauty and labor, which fully reflected the orientation and pursuit of the college entrance examination language as a literate person and comprehensively educating people.

　　"The test questions take moral education as the soul, actively respond to the major themes of the times, show the patriotic spirit and continuous struggle of China youth in the past 100 years of the May Fourth Movement, highlight the brilliant achievements of the founding of New China in the past 70 years, and explore the profound connotation of Lide Shuren in the new era; Based on intellectual education, the test questions continue to deepen the reform of the content of the college entrance examination in the new era, accurately implement the evaluation system of the college entrance examination, closely connect with the curriculum standards of senior high schools, be close to students’ real life and cognitive reality, and actively explore the aspects of increasing knowledge, paying attention to ability examination, highlighting application orientation and highlighting situational design; The test questions help the education of physical beauty and labor, carefully extract the materials, and scientifically reflect the comprehensive education concept of quality education. " The above-mentioned person in charge said that in 2019, there were 8 sets of test papers in the National College Entrance Examination Language Department, including 3 sets in the unified system of the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education and 5 sets in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, all of which maintained high quality and reasonable difficulty.

　　First, adhere to the orientation of moral education and cultivate socialist builders and successors.

　　Based on the evaluation system of college entrance examination in 2019, the Chinese proposition of college entrance examination adheres to the value orientation of cultivating people by virtue, combines the characteristics of Chinese subject, scientifically designs the proposition, cultivates the feelings of home and country, advocates moral cultivation, tells the story of struggle, guides the candidates to inherit the patriotic spirit, continues the struggle of the times, and composes the song of China youth’s endeavor in the new era.

　　1. Cultivate the feelings of home and country, and cultivate a dream-seeking child.

　　Patriotism is the core of our national spirit. Since the May 4th Movement, the history books of China youth’s century-long struggle have written countless patriotic youths’ youthful demeanor. The Chinese proposition of the 2019 college entrance examination gives full play to the characteristics of the Chinese subject, vividly presents the profound feelings of home and country in the examination questions in a way close to reality and candidates, creates a context with rich characteristics of the times and youthful colors, and highlights the educational function of the college entrance examination. For example, the national volume II composition test "Youth meets the stick, and a strong country has me":

　　In 1919, when the nation was in danger, young students in China set off a great patriotic revolutionary movement that was completely anti-imperialist and anti-feudal. In 1949, Chinese stood up! Young people in New China devote themselves to the new journey of motherland construction. In 1979, the "spring of science" was full of vitality, and students were eager to serve the country and merged into the torrent of reform and opening up. In 2019, the young China triumphed, and the young people in the new era bravely took the baton and swore that "a strong country has me". In 2049, the Chinese nation achieved great rejuvenation, and China youth continued to struggle … …

　　Please choose one of the following tasks to finish your writing as a young student party.

　　(1) on May 4, 1919, the speech at the student rally.

　　(2) on October 1, 1949, after attending the founding ceremony celebration parade, I wrote a letter to my family.

　　On September 15th, 1979, I wrote a letter to my classmates after attending the opening ceremony of freshmen.

　　4 On April 30, 2019, I watched the "100th Anniversary of the May 4th Movement".

　　⑤ On September 30th, 2049, I wrote a National Day condolence letter to a "century-old China meritorious figure".

　　The examination questions spread out a specific historical time and space from the beginning of the new-democratic revolution (1919) to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation (2049), from which five landmark historical nodes were carefully selected: the May 4th Movement, the founding of New China, the reform and opening up, the 100-year anniversary of the May 4th Movement and the 100-year anniversary of the founding of New China, highlighting their respective themes of the times and enlightening candidates to deeply understand that the Chinese nation stood up, became rich and strengthened, and achieved great rejuvenation. Deeply feel the history that China youth share the same breath and destiny with the motherland and the nation, and realize their own values in the great cause of creating a youthful China and realizing national rejuvenation, strengthen their ideals and beliefs, enhance their four self-confidences, and cultivate their feelings of home and country. There are five identities in the writing task, which are intended to guide candidates to experience history as participants, think about the future, encourage them to continue their struggle consciously, bravely shoulder heavy burdens, overcome difficulties and take risks, bravely stand at the forefront of the times, strive to be pioneers of the times, integrate personal ideal pursuit with the development of the country and the nation, and let youth shine more brightly in their dedication to the motherland, the people, the nation and mankind. Taking "patriotic feelings" as the theme, Tianjin Juan’s composition chooses three materials from Fang Zhimin, Tao Xingzhi and Huang Danian to express their firm belief in the bright future of the motherland, their personal responsibility to the country and the nation, and their outlook on life and values dedicated to the historical development of mankind. The theme of the proposition is distinct, which enlightens candidates to understand the connotation of patriotism and deeply think about the relationship between individuals and countries, nations and mankind.Feel the great significance of ideals and beliefs to lead the young people in the new era to continue their struggle. The Beijing essay test "Color of 2019" guides candidates to put their personal growth in the historical process of national development under the grand background of the development of the times, and stimulates candidates’ sense of responsibility and mission in the times.

　　2. Strengthen moral cultivation and create a pioneer of the times.

　　To cultivate people by virtue and forge a pioneer in socialist construction, we must accurately convey core values and strengthen students’ moral cultivation education. The Chinese proposition of college entrance examination in 2019 fully explores the connotation of excellent moral culture from the aspects of material selection and topic setting, and effectively exerts the infiltration function of excellent culture and the demonstration function of role models, which plays a subtle guiding role in the moral cultivation of candidates and teenagers.

　　Absorb the essence of thought, and excellent culture infiltrates people. The problem of dictating famous sentences in Volume I of the country requires that Fan Zhongyan’s "The Fisherman’s Pride (Stuffing the Scenery of Qiu Lai)" dictate that "a glass of turbid wine leads to Wan Li, but Yan Ran has not lost his mind", which expresses his dedication to defending the country and sacrificing himself. The dictation question in Volume III of the country requires that "the three armed forces can win the handsome position, but ordinary men can’t win the ambition" in The Analects of Confucius, which indicates that teenagers should have firm ideals and indomitable will. The reading of the second volume of ancient poems in China is based on Du Xunhe’s "Vowing for Assistant Minister Chang Pei" in the Tang Dynasty, which expresses the poet’s character of being upright, neither humble nor supercilious, and being noble and noble in Geng Jie. Mencius in the short answer material "Mencius on Teng Wengong" in Zhejiang Volume cares about society and worries about the world; Tang Xianzu, a classical Chinese reading material in Linchuan, Jiangsu Province, is honest and does not admire powerful people, and Xiang Jing, a classical Chinese reading material in Shanghai, loves the people and dares to take responsibility, all of which are examples of contemporary youth’s moral practice. Proposition gives full play to the infiltration function of excellent culture, and uses traditional excellent character to infect and influence students.

　　Advocate respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching, and excellent moral character infects people. The essay question in the third volume of the country, "Drawing words outside the picture, teachers and students are affectionate", advocates respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching, and guides students to practice their character. Choose a cartoon for the composition test, and draw closer to the educational theme through the introduction of specific situations, so that candidates can feel the friendship between teachers and students and the emotional temperature, and at the same time have a strong resonance. The teacher’s expression and words in the cartoon are full of expectation and hope, attachment and regret for the graduating students. Candidates can interpret the teacher’s love, expectation and blessing for the students, and understand the teacher’s dedication, gardener’s character and sense of responsibility. The moral demonstration of teachers as role models will leave a deep imprint on the students’ growth process.

　　3. Tell the story of struggle and inspire the young people to take over the baton.

　　Building China into a powerful socialist modernization country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation require generations of aspiring young people to continue their struggle. Injecting the spirit of hard work into the growth of teenagers, strengthening their footsteps and strengthening their spirit is an important part of Lide Shuren. By telling the story of struggle and carrying forward the spirit of struggle, the test questions guide candidates to establish a correct outlook on life, feel the historical mission and responsibility of young people in the new era, and encourage them to dare to take responsibility and struggle bravely to become the runner of the Chinese nation’s dream of rejuvenation.

　　Create a struggle situation and inspire the spirit of struggle. The essay question "Youth takes over the baton, and a strong country has me" in the second volume of the country, from the May 4th youth rising, to the young people in the new era bravely taking over the baton, and then to the national rejuvenation of China youth continuing to struggle, the main line of "struggle" runs through the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the whole Chinese nation. Driven by materials and tasks, create a real struggle situation, let candidates perceive the relationship between youth struggle and the historical process of modern and contemporary China, appreciate the value and significance of youth struggle spirit, positively guide candidates to enhance their sense of responsibility and inspire their struggle spirit. In the application problem of Shanghai Volume Accumulation, "Scholars have to be unyielding and have a long way to go" encourages young people to have the spirit of long-term struggle and hard struggle. Han Yu’s "Learn from Scholars and Fill the Sea with Stones" was selected as the appreciation topic of ancient poetry in Jiangsu Province. Through the story of filling the sea with Jingwei, the struggling spirit of firm belief, all-out efforts and hard work was praised. The setting of these topics is also to create a struggle situation and stimulate the enthusiasm of young people.

　　Tell the story of struggle and sharpen the character of struggle. The famous sentences in Volume I of the country silently wrote the words "which was broken once by an earthquake and there were brave men lost, and then the ladder and stone stacks are linked" in Li Bai’s Difficult Road to Shu, which implied the legendary struggle story of "Five Ding Kai Shan". Reading three articles in classical Chinese in the national volume shows the deeds of three ancient reformers, Jia Yi, Shang Yang and Wu Qi. Their spirit of forging ahead and daring to reform had a great influence on the specific historical period in ancient China. Lu Xun’s "Managing Water" is selected as the reading material for the first volume of literary texts in China. Dayu and his entourage portrayed in the novel are the true portrayal of the doers and strugglers who "work hard and work hard". The proposition setting is also intended to guide candidates to think about "the backbone of China" and further strengthen the image of the struggler.

　　Feel the joy of struggle and enhance the sense of struggle. The second volume of practical texts in China is read from the editorial of People’s Daily in 1954, the scientific and technological support behind the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in 2018, and the research report, Exploration and Practice of Intelligent Construction of the Island Tunnel Project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. No matter the first Yangtze River Bridge built in New China or the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge completed in the new era, it is a national project and a national heavyweight in new China in different historical periods. It represents the "China Speed" and "China Technology" in different periods, from which we can feel the historical changes of bridge construction in China from backward technology and dependence on foreign aid to advanced technology and completely independent design and construction, which makes candidates feel proud and happy for the great achievements of new China construction in the process of reading materials and consciously enhance their sense of struggle.

　　Second, accurately implement the college entrance examination evaluation system, and continue to deepen the reform of Chinese language examination content.

　　In 2019, the Chinese proposition of the college entrance examination implemented the fundamental task of "Lide Shuren", adapted to the needs of high-quality talents in the new era, closely linked with the curriculum standards of senior high schools, accurately implemented the basic, comprehensive, applied and innovative examination requirements, continued to deepen the reform of examination content, increased candidates’ knowledge and knowledge, improved candidates’ ability and accomplishment, highlighted the application orientation of Chinese subjects, and highlighted the situational design of life-style examination questions. While serving the selection of talents in colleges and universities, we should guide the reform direction of basic Chinese education and promote the all-round development of quality education.

　　1. Pay attention to the foundation, increase knowledge and make efforts.

　　At the national education conference, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that education "should make great efforts to increase knowledge and insight" and should educate and guide students to "increase their knowledge, enrich their knowledge and advance in the direction of seeking truth, understanding truth and understanding reason". In 2019, the Chinese proposition of the college entrance examination selected rich materials, and the basic examination required the integration of knowledge, ability and literacy to guide candidates to increase their knowledge and knowledge.

　　Top-level design pursues the integration of Chinese knowledge, ability and accomplishment. In 2019, the Chinese proposition of the national college entrance examination inherited the previous successful experience, and did not directly set up a separate knowledge examination question. The national volume follows the principle of top-level design, and consists of four modules, namely, modern text reading, ancient poetry reading, language application and writing. Guided by the examination of the core reading literacy, expression literacy and key Chinese ability of Chinese subject, it integrates the examination of necessary Chinese knowledge. Proposition guides candidates to systematically master solid necessary knowledge, such as vocabulary, grammar, cultural common sense, punctuation usage, various styles and related rhetoric, expression techniques, argumentation techniques, etc., and integrates these knowledge to form excellent Chinese ability and accomplishment.

　　Overall layout, gather ancient and modern Chinese and foreign, and guide candidates to increase their knowledge and knowledge. The test questions are drawn from all over the world, involving culture, literature, art, history, science and technology and other fields, with rich and extensive connotations. The three classical Chinese reading questions in the national volume are all based on Historical Records, the second volume of the national exposition text is excerpted from Ye Jiaying’s discussion on Du Fu, and the first and second volumes of the national literature text are selected from Lu Xun’s Managing Water and Mo Bosang’s Small Step Dance respectively, which is a collection of classics and famous artists. The essay test in Volume II requires candidates to imagine in detail the important development nodes of the motherland, such as the May 4th Movement, the founding of New China, and the reform and opening up. The materials in Volume II and Volume III show the landmark events reflecting the country’s progress, such as the completion of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and the flying of Chang ‘e-4 to the back of the moon, recalling the past and thinking about the present, making the country strong and the people new. In addition, the propositional materials also include China traditional music, China painting and calligraphy art and many other contents. The proposition gives full play to the carrier advantages of the test materials of Chinese subjects, so that candidates can appreciate cultural classics, remember revolutionary history and feel contemporary great achievements while answering questions, thus increasing their knowledge and enhancing their four self-confidences.

　　2. Highlight the application, improve the key ability and have a strong orientation.

　　"Strengthening the cultivation of students’ key abilities" is the focus of the new round of college entrance examination content reform. In 2019, the Chinese proposition of the college entrance examination comprehensively examines the key abilities of candidates in Chinese subjects such as information processing, logical speculation, aesthetic appreciation, exploration and innovation, and language expression, highlights the requirements of applied examination, and guides candidates to attach importance to practice and apply what they have learned.

　　Strengthen the practical application orientation of material selection, close to the actual life of students. The test questions focus on materials that not only reflect the characteristics of Chinese subject, but also are closely related to national development, scientific and technological progress and daily life, so as to guide candidates to comprehensively use Chinese ability to solve practical problems. In the national volume, the materials are widely related to national development hotspots such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Belt and Road Initiative and Chang ‘e IV, sports hotspots such as the World Table Tennis Championships and the Winter Olympics, cultural hotspots such as traditional music and China calligraphy and painting, and life hotspots such as stress and obesity, biological enzymes and drinking. This material selection design is helpful to guide candidates to discover, understand and apply Chinese in their lives, feel and understand life in the application of Chinese, and participate in and serve the society.

　　Strengthen the practical application orientation of writing to meet the needs of real life. Writing is a concentrated expression of Chinese comprehensive ability, and it is also an important examination content of Chinese in college entrance examination. In 2019, the first volume of the national composition test "Love labor, start with me" and the second volume of the composition test "Youth picks up the stick, and the country has me" clearly stipulate that candidates must adopt specific practical styles such as speeches, letters, reviews and letters of condolences. These practical styles are closely related to the real life of candidates, and are more in line with the social demand for talents under the new situation. Although the style of the essay question "Drawing words outside the picture, teachers and students are affectionate" in Volume III of the country is not clearly defined, the cartoon materials are directly drawn from the scenes that every candidate has deep feelings, which is helpful to stimulate the writing enthusiasm of candidates and express their true feelings. The composition questions in three sets of papers release a strong signal to middle school writing teaching: writing should be based on the needs of real life, emphasize practical application, and avoid saying nothing and being too big to be appropriate.

　　Strengthen the practical ability of information processing to meet the requirements of social development. Information processing ability is the core competitiveness of talents in the 21st century. In order to adapt to the development trend of social informatization, college entrance examination Chinese has strengthened the examination of candidates’ practical information processing ability. The national volumes I, II and III all set special topics in the discussion text, practical text, literary text and classical Chinese reading, focusing on examining the information processing ability of candidates in different problem situations. Whether it is facing literary aesthetics or practical knowledge, whether it is information screening or logical reasoning of materials, it is closely related to the ability requirements of social development. In addition, Volume I, II and III of the country unify the innovative questions in the 21st question of the language application section, requiring candidates to extract key information from a true news report. This innovative question type guides candidates to acquire, filter, refine and express information in real life situations, which is helpful to further strengthen the practical orientation of information processing ability.

　　3. Create a situation, focus on discipline literacy and seek innovation.

　　Subject literacy reflects the core value, which is the comprehensive application of necessary knowledge and key ability with the situation as the carrier. In 2019, the Chinese proposition of the college entrance examination focused on the quality of Chinese subject, closely linked with the curriculum standards of senior high school, expanded the selection range of materials, highlighted the situational design of the life system of examination questions, implemented the comprehensive and innovative examination requirements, and guided candidates to explore and innovate boldly.

　　Combine answering requirements with life experience to create a real task situation. The national volume I essay question "Love labor, start with me" requires candidates to write a speech "for the students in our school", while the volume II essay question "Youth takes over the baton, and a strong country has me" sets five specific writing tasks, requiring candidates to choose one of them, accurately grasp the historical background, imagine and think in a specific identity and style in a specific situation, and complete the writing. These tasks require setting a writing situation that is highly close to real life, putting forward higher requirements for candidates’ language expression ability, and also clearly indicating the specific direction of improving Chinese literacy. The 17th of the three sets of examination papers in the national volume & mdash; The 19 questions all focus on the use of words, discourse cohesion, grammatical changes or punctuation marks. However, this kind of examination is not isolated, simple and direct, but is set in a specific reading situation, which is helpful for candidates to understand with their life experiences and promote the implementation of the examination of key Chinese abilities and core literacy.

　　Combine the propositional materials with the contents of the teaching materials to create a comprehensive inquiry situation. The eighth question of reading literature texts in Volume I of China examines the understanding of the characters in Lu Xun’s "Managing Water". Instead of asking questions directly, it borrows words from Lu Xun’s "Did Chinese Lose Confidence" in the textbook to guide candidates to make comprehensive thinking in Lu Xun’s works. The 15th question of reading ancient poems in Volume III requires candidates to compare the language styles between Liu Yuxi’s original poems and the textbook reciting title "Reward Lotte at the First Meeting in Yangzhou", so that students can move and integrate their aesthetic perception and rational thinking in the specific situation of Liu Yuxi’s works. The third question of the national volume I discussion text reading examines the inference of Tie Ning’s original content, and introduces Lao She’s famous words, which is similar. This kind of comprehensive inquiry situation creation can help candidates to learn new knowledge through comprehensive thinking and realize the innovative examination requirements of college entrance examination Chinese.

　　Combine the proposition setting with the reality of life and create an open problem situation. The sixth question of practical text reading in the third volume of the country requires candidates to "bicycle hunters can be regarded as ‘ New type ’ The statement of volunteers is analyzed. But "‘ New type ’ The statement "volunteers" does not appear directly in the materials, but is a special problem situation set by the proposition combined with the actual life. Candidates must combine the actual life to understand the content of the examination. The 6th question "Why do you say that today’s Chinese bridge has become a business card that reflects the self-confidence of Chinese people" in the practical text reading of Volume II of the whole country also guides the candidates to migrate from the materials and deeply understand the examination content by combining the great achievements of China. These test questions are designed to guide candidates to explore problems in a broader field of vision and solve problems in a more open situation, which expands more space for examining and improving candidates’ Chinese literacy.

　　Third, strengthen the education and guidance of physical, aesthetic and labor, and implement the concept of all-round development

　　In 2019, the Chinese examination paper for the college entrance examination carried out the requirement of "cultivating socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor". On the basis of fully embodying the examination of moral education and intellectual education, it followed the development law of the internal connection, mutual integration and mutual promotion between the five educations of morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics and labor, further strengthened the guidance of physical education, aesthetics and labor, promoted students’ all-round development and inspired them to practice.

　　1. Learn from ancient and modern art, enrich aesthetic experience, and highlight the function of aesthetic education.

　　Aesthetic education and beautification are the characteristics and advantages of Chinese subject. Chinese proposition highlights the orientation of aesthetic education, selects artistic classics, cultivates aesthetic ability, enlightens the truth with beauty and promotes goodness with beauty, gives full play to the function of aesthetic education to promote quality education, leads candidates to cultivate healthy interest, cultivate lofty and upright spirit and sublimate the realm of life.

　　Wander through art classics and enjoy aesthetic pleasure. In 2019, Chinese test questions focused on guiding candidates to feel beauty and realize beauty in the aesthetic edification of art classics. In the national volume, there are not only the image beauty of the characters in Zou Ji’s satire on coachable, but also the magnificent architectural beauty in Afanggong Fu, as well as the melodious and endless musical beauty in Chibi Fu, the elegant beauty in Painting with Xu Daoning, the labor beauty in Inserting Tian Ge, and the beauty of Mo Mei Qing in the Beijing volume "Five Musts of Ink and Plum with Zhang Guichen". Mo Bosang’s "minuet", the second volume of the whole country, tells the story with its writing style of "containing but not revealing", shaping the image of dancers and couples who love art. Candidates can appreciate the profound artistic observation and superb artistic expression of literary masters.

　　Enlighten the truth with beauty and gain insight into human history. Literature and art are extensive and profound, nourishing future generations. The second volume of the national discussion text is extracted from Ye Jiaying’s On the Evolution of Du Fu’s Seven Laws and Their Achievements in Connecting the Past with the Future, which explains the "sound talent" and poetic achievements of the great poet Du Fu, and makes candidates realize the reasons for the achievement of a generation of poets in aesthetic cultivation. The materials on Guqin Art in Volume I and Chinese Painting Art in Volume II, as well as the essays on the theme of "The Bookstore and the Good Bookstore" in Jiangsu Volume and "Chinese Flavor" in Shanghai Volume, have deepened the examinee’s understanding and grasp of national art and traditional culture. Reading "Beijing’s Magnitude and Depth" in Beijing’s modern literature is interesting, guiding candidates to travel around Beijing, enjoying a deep sense of history and vitality, with both perceptual experience and rational thinking.

　　Improve the realm of life by beauty to goodness. Excellent literary works help to enhance candidates’ ability to distinguish between beauty and ugliness, truth and falsehood, good and evil, and sublimate the realm of life. In 2019, Chinese test questions closely combined artistic aesthetics with value orientation, and at the same time completed the examination of aesthetic ability, it realized the positive guidance of candidates’ outlook on life and values. After reading the article "Sister Saliva’s Spring" in Tianjin, candidates can appreciate the beautiful scenery of Hulunbeier grassland spring, feel the struggle spirit of Sister Saliva, and stimulate the pursuit of a better life. The micro-writing topic of Beijing Volume directly examines the understanding of famous works such as Scream, Red Rock, Ordinary World, The Old Man and the Sea, Border Town and Dream of Red Mansions, and inspires candidates to taste classics, think about society and realize the effect of aesthetic education.

　　2 carry forward the spirit of labor, advocate labor practice, and implement the concept of educating people through labor.

　　In 2019, the national college entrance examination papers are based on the excellent cultural genes of the Chinese nation that love labor, praising the value of labor, promoting the spirit of labor, showing the beauty of labor, and guiding candidates to love, admire and respect labor.

　　Praise the value of labor and advocate love for labor. The national volume I essay question "Love labor, start with me";

　　"People’s livelihood is diligent, but diligence is not scarce", and labor is the source of wealth and happiness. "Sleeping at night, sweeping the court" and loving labor are the excellent traditions of the Chinese nation, which have continued to this day. But in real life, there are also some students who don’t understand labor and don’t want to work. Some said, "We are so busy studying that labor takes up too much time!" " Some said, "With the rapid progress of science and technology, labor can be left to artificial intelligence in the future!" Others said, "Labor is so hard and tiring, why do you have to do it yourself? Spend some money to let others do it! " In addition, there are some phenomena around us that don’t respect labor.

　　This has aroused people’s deep thinking.

　　This composition material not only focuses on the historical origin of labor thought, but also pays attention to the realistic presentation of problems. Taking the proverbs and aphorisms about labor in China traditional culture and the profound explanation of the labor spirit in the new era by the Supreme Leader General Secretary as the general guide, it compares the excellent tradition of the Chinese nation’s love for labor with some biased understandings and wrong attitudes towards labor in the present society, and guides young students to think deeply about this phenomenon and labor itself and consciously carry forward the labor spirit. In order to form a good atmosphere of loving, advocating, respecting and participating in labor among teenagers and even the whole society, and give full play to the guiding function of college entrance examination composition in promoting labor education.

　　Think about the meaning of labor and show the beauty of labor. Labor is the foundation of human life and the foundation of creating human cultural happiness. Hard work and honest work should be respected and respected. Labor itself is beautiful and creates happiness. The reading of the third volume of ancient poems in China is excerpted from "Inserting Tian Ge" written by Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, which describes the beautiful scenery of farmers’ field work, especially "the peasant woman’s white skirt and the peasant father’s green coir. Singing songs in the middle of the song together, like "Bamboo Branch", outlines an interesting picture of planting fields through concise strokes, expressing the joy of farmers’ labor. Reading Cousin in modern Chinese, Jiangsu praised the beauty of labor by showing a pair of cousins washing clothes on the beach, and guided candidates to think about the value and significance of labor.

　　3. Pay attention to sports hotspots, inspire sports spirit and lead the inspirational fashion of fitness.

　　Physical education plays an important role in the all-round development of high-quality talents. Physical education helps students to strengthen their physique, improve their personality and exercise their will. This year’s Chinese test paper guides students to establish a correct concept of sports, carry forward the spirit of sports, enhance their sense of participation, deeply understand the spirit of struggle and patriotic feelings contained in sports, and give full play to the educational function of sports.

　　Based on the hot event of the 55th World Table Tennis Championships, the topic of the use of language and characters in Volume III of the country highlights the key information in the proposition design, such as that China won five gold medals and Malone became the first player to achieve three consecutive championships in men’s singles in more than 50 years, in order to show the impressive achievements of the national team, inspire the vigorous and promising sports spirit and inspire the national pride and patriotic feelings of young students. The practical text reading materials in Volume III of the country echo the Olympic spirit, encouraging young people to pay attention to the Olympic Games and sports from the perspective of voluntary service, enhancing their sense of participation, and making the sports spirit fall to the ground.

　　The essay question "Olympics is my favorite" in the national Chinese test paper;

　　On May 10, 2019, the countdown to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was 1000 days. Lai ‘an Middle School held a class meeting on the theme of "I love the Olympics". Xiaohua said: "I like the Olympic motto best: swifter, higher and stronger!" " David said, "I like table tennis player Malone best. I hope I can become a world champion one day, as he proudly said ‘ I am made in China’ (I was made in China)! " Xiao Qi said: "I like the slogan of the Olympic movement best: ‘ The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win, but to participate. ’ I don’t have any sports expertise, but I often exercise! "

　　The test questions respond to the hot event of the 1000-day countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, presenting the Olympic motto, Olympic slogan and the heroic words of athletes, with rich connotations. Among them, the Olympic motto of "Faster, Higher and Stronger" is not only the fighting spirit advocated by athletes, but also the goal pursued in life. And the sentence "I like table tennis player Malone best." I hope I can become a world champion one day, as he proudly said ‘ I am made in China’ (I was made in China) ",the momentum is heroic, encouraging candidates to constantly challenge themselves, surpass themselves, work hard and contribute to the motherland.

　　In 2019, college entrance examination Chinese fully implemented the Party’s education policy in the new era and the spirit of the National Education Conference, actively echoed the major themes of the times, such as the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China and the centenary of the May 4th Movement, continued to promote the content reform of college entrance examination Chinese, improved the implementation mechanism of college entrance examination moral, intellectual, physical, artistic and comprehensive education methods, and made positive contributions to serving the scientific selection of talents in colleges and universities and guiding the direction of basic education reform. (The Paper reporter Liao Wei)